PBDB Taxon

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Vertebrata (vertebrate)

Taxonomy

Vertebrata was named by Lamarck (1801). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Donoghue and Smith (2001), Brusca et al. (2016).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Vertebrata by Haeckel (1866), Donoghue and Smith (2001), Nielsen (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019).

It was assigned to Animalia by Haeckel (1866); to Chordata by Nielsen (2012); to Olfactores by Brusca et al. (2016); to Chordata by Shoshani et al. (1989), Zrzavy et al. (1998), Dineley and Metcalf (1999), Shu et al. (1999), Donoghue and Smith (2001), Nielsen (2012), Richter et al. (2017); and to Craniata by Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019).

Sister taxa

Acrania, Craniota, Pachycardia

Synonyms

Mannodon was named by Ameghino (1893).

It was considered a nomen vanum by Marshall (1980).

It was assigned to Abderitesidae by Ameghino (1894).
Coluber arcuatus was named by von Meyer (1845). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Öhningen, which is in a MN 7 + 8 lacustrine limestone in the Upper Freshwater Molasse Formation of Germany.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Szyndlar (1997).
Tidaeus was named by Ameghino (1890).

It was replaced with Mannodon by Ameghino (1894); it was considered a nomen vanum by Marshall (1980).
Ophis was named by Goldfuss (1831).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Ophis dubius was named by Goldfuss (1831).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Thoracophis was named by Troschel (1854).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Thoracophis rugosus was named by Troschel (1854).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Craniata was named by Linnaeus (1758) [really?]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Heimberg et al. (2010).

It was synonymized objectively with Vertebrata by Heimberg et al. (2010); it was reranked as the subphylum Craniata by Edgecombe et al. (2011), Zhang (2011).

It was assigned to Cephalochordata by Zhang (2011); to Olfactores by Edgecombe et al. (2011); and to Chordata by Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1758	Craniata Linnaeus
1801	Vertebrata Lamarck
1831	Ophis Goldfuss
1831	Ophis dubius Goldfuss
1845	Coluber arcuatus von Meyer p. 42 figs. 5 pl. 2
1854	Thoracophis Troschel
1854	Thoracophis rugosus Troschel
1866	Vertebrata Haeckel p. CXVI
1890	Tidaeus Ameghino
1893	Mannodon Ameghino
1894	Mannodon Ameghino p. 84
1984	Coluber arcuatus Rage p. 43
1989	Vertebrata Shoshani et al. p. 435
1998	Vertebrata Zrzavy et al.
1999	Vertebrata Dineley and Metcalf p. 11
1999	Vertebrata Shu et al. p. 43
2001	Vertebrata Donoghue and Smith p. 18
2011	Craniata Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1
2011	Craniata Zhang
2012	Vertebrata Nielsen p. 377
2016	Vertebrata Brusca et al.
2016	Craniata Nelson et al. p. 18
2016	Vertebrata Nelson et al. p. 22
2017	Vertebrata Richter et al. p. 110
2019	Craniata van der Laan p. 15
2019	Vertebrata van der Laan p. 15

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
subphylum	Vertebrata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subph. Vertebrata Lamarck 1801 [vertebrate]

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Cl. Agnatha Cope 1889 [jawless fish]

G. †Anatolepis Brockelie and Fortey 1976

†Anatolepis heintzi Brockelie and Fortey 1976

G. †Muzaffarabadmachli Malkani 2019

†Muzaffarabadmachli abbottabadi Malkani 2019

G. †Pircanchaspis Erdtmann et al. 2000

†Pircanchaspis rinconensis Erdtmann et al. 2000

G. †Saarolepis Robertson 1945

Invalid names: Anaspis Robertson 1941 [replaced]

Invalid names: Loganiida Turner 1991 [empty], Myllokunmingiida Shu 2003 [empty], Pituriaspida Young 1991 [empty]

G. †Ammopus Lull 1915

†Ammopus marshi Lull 1915

Supercl. †Anaspidomorphi

Or. †Jamoytiiformes

Fm. †Achanarellidae Newman and Trewin 2001

G. †Achanarella Newman 2002

†Achanarella trewini Newman 2002

Fm. †Euphaneropidae Woodward 1900

G. †Ciderius van der Brugghen 2015

†Ciderius cooperi van der Brugghen 2015

G. †Cornovichthys Newman and Trewin 2001

†Cornovichthys blaauweni Newman and Trewin 2001

G. †Euphanerops Woodward 1900

†Euphanerops longaevus Woodward 1900

G. †Lasanius Traquair 1898

†Lasanius armatus Traquair 1899

Invalid names: Lasaniidae Goodrich 1909 [synonym]

Fm. †Jamoytiidae White 1946

G. †Jamoytius White 1946

†Jamoytius kerwoodi White 1946

G. †Apedolepis Young 1997

†Apedolepis tomlinsonae Young 1997

G. †Artenolepis Janvier 1974

†Artenolepis golshanii Janvier 1974

Subph. Craniota

Supercl. †Hypostomata Gadow 1898

Invalid names: Ostracodermi [synonym]

Supercl. Cyclostomata Richards

Cl. †Anaspida Traquair

Or. †Anaspidiformes

Fm. †Pharyngolepididae Kiær 1924

G. †Pharyngolepis Kiaer 1911

Fm. †Pterygolepididae Obruchev 1964

G. †Pterygolepis Kiaer 1911

Fm. †Ramsaasalepididae Blom et al. 2003

G. †Ramsaasalepis Blom and Marss 2003

Fm. †Septentrioniidae Blom et al. 2002

G. †Septentrionia Blom et al. 2001

Fm. †Tahulalepididae Blom et al. 2002

G. †Tahulalepis Blom et al. 2001

Invalid names: Rhyncholepididae Kiaer 1924 [empty]

Or. Birkeniida Berg 1937

G. †Cowielepis Blom 2008

†Cowielepis ritchiei Blom 2008

Or. †Birkeniiformes

Fm. †Birkeniidae Traquair 1899

G. †Birkenia

G. †Ctenopleuron Mathew 1907

G. †Kerreralepis BLOM 2012

G. †Rhyncholepis Kiaer 1911

G. †Conopiscius

Or. †Endeiolepidiformes

Fm. †Endeiolepididae Stensiö 1939

G. †Endeiolepis Stensiö 1939

Or. †Conodontophorida Eichenberg 1930

G. †Algherella

G. †Alternognathus

G. †Amydrotaxis

G. †Angulodus

G. †Axiothea

G. †Caenodontus

G. †Cambropustula Müller and Hinz 1991

G. †Coelocerodontus Ethington 1959

†Coelocerodontus trigonius Ethington 1959

Cl. †Conodonta Pander 1856 [conodont]

G. †Acodina Stauffer

†Acodina cuspidata Stauffer 1940

†Acodina inoptinata Stauffer 1938

Invalid names: Acodina concava Stauffer 1940 [synonym], Acodina lirata Stauffer 1940 [synonym], Acodina ursa Stauffer 1940 [synonym]

G. †Aldridgeodus Calner et al. 2008

†Aldridgeodus minimus Calner et al. 2008

G. †Aldridgeognathus Miller et al. 2017

†Aldridgeognathus manniki Miller et al. 2017

Fm. †Amphigeisinidae Miller 1981

G. †Amphigeisina

G. †Ancidontus Chen and Gong 1986

G. †Ancyrogondolella Budurov 1972

†Ancyrogondolella triangularis Budurov 1972

G. †Apteracontiodus Bauer 2010

†Apteracontiodus carinatus Stouge 1984

Or. †Belodellida Sweet 1988

Fm. †Ansellidae Fåhræus and Hunter 1985

Fm. †Belodellidae Khodalevich and Tschernich 1973

G. †Besselodus Aldridge 1982

Fm. †Dapsilodontidae Sweet 1988

G. †Branmehla Haas 1959

G. †Chengyuania Kozur 1994

Invalid names: Pseudogondolella Kozur 1990 [replaced]

Fm. †Coleodontidae Branson and Mehl 1944

G. †Archaeognathus Cullison 1938

G. †Coleodus Branson and Mehl 1933

G. †Mixoconus Sweet 1955

G. †Neocoleodus Branson and Mehl 1933

G. †Stereoconus Branson and Mehl 1933

Invalid names: Archaeognathidae Miller 1969 [synonym]

G. †Costiconus Rasmussen 2001

†Costiconus costatus Dzik 1976

†Costiconus ethingtoni Fåhræus 1966

†Costiconus iniquus Viira 1974

G. †Dasytodus Chen and Gong 1986

†Dasytodus transmutatus Xu and Xiang 1983

G. †Diaphanodus Bagnoli 1987

†Diaphanodus compressus Chen and Gong 1986

Invalid names: Stenodontus Chen and Gong 1986 [replaced], Vanwamelodus Apollonov 1984 [replaced]

G. †Dischidognathus

†Dischidognathus primus Ethington and Clark 1982

Fm. †Distacodidae Ulrich and Bassler 1926

G. †Distacodus Pander 1856

G. †Dolborodina Moskalenko 2003

†Dolborodina juktaliensis Moskalenko 1973

G. †Enantiognathus Mosher and Clark 1965

Invalid names: Enantiognathus ziegleri Diebel 1956 [nomen dubium]

Infracl. †Euconodonta Janvier 1997

Or. †Proconodontida Sweet 1988

G. †Fahraeosodus Stouge and Bagnoli 1988

G. †Falcodus Huddle 1934

†Falcodus secundus Youngquist 1945

†Falcodus ultimus Branson and Mehl 1934

G. †Gagievodus Baranov and Al'khovik 2003

G. †Gobduntaulepis Doweld 2014

†Gobduntaulepis bispinatus Pianovskij 1989

Invalid names: Acantholepis Pianovskij 1989 [replaced]

G. †Heterdontoides

†Hindeodella (Metaprioniodus) andrusovi koeveskalensis Kozur and Mostler 1972

G. †Iowagnathus Liu et al. 2017

†Iowagnathus grandis Liu et al. 2017

G. †Llandoverygnathus Walliser 1972

G. †Lundodus Bagnoli and Stouge 1997

†Lundodus gladiatus Lindström 1955

G. †Minimodus Rasmussen 2001

†Minimodus maocaopus Zhang 1998

G. †Nasusgnathus Ni 1983

†Nasusgnathus dolonus An 1981

G. †Noixodontus McCracken and Barnes 1982

G. †Omanognathus Miller et al. 2017

†Omanognathus daiqaensis Miller et al. 2017

G. †Oslodus Zhang 1998

†Oslodus semisymmetricus Hamar 1966

Or. †Ozarkodinida Dzik 1976

Fm. †Anchignathodontidae Clark 1972

Fm. †Elictognathidae Austin and Rhodes 1981

Fm. †Ellisoniidae Clark 1972

G. †Gamachignathus

Fm. †Gondolellidae Lindstrom 1970

Invalid names: Xaniognathidae Sweet 1981 [synonym]

Superfm. †Gondolelloidea Lindstrom 1970

Fm. †Idiognathodontidae Harris and Hollingsworth 1933

Fm. †Kockelellidae Klapper 1981

G. †Microzarkodina Lindström 1971

Subor. †Ozarkodinina Dzik 1976

Fm. †Palmatolepididae Sweet 1988

G. †Periodon Hadding 1913

Invalid names: Loxognathus Graves and Ellison 1941 [synonym]

G. †Plectodina

Fm. †Pterospathodontidae Cooper 1977

Fm. †Spathognathodontidae Hass 1959

Fm. †Spathognathodontodae Hass 1959

Fm. †Vjalovognathidae Yuan et al. 2016

Invalid names: Gondolellidea Lindstroem 1970 [empty]

G. †Palmatodella Bassler 1925

†Palmatodella paridens Huddle 1934

Or. †Panderodontida Sweet 1988

G. †Cristodus

G. †Loxodus Furnish 1938

Fm. †Panderodontidae Lindström 1970

G. †Thrincodus Bauer 1987

G. †Pandorinella Müller and Müller 1957

†Pandorinella insita Stauffer 1940

Or. †Paraconodontida Müller 1962

G. †Bengtsonella Müller and Hinz 1991

G. †Furnishina Müller 1959

Superfm. †Furnishinacea Müller 1981

G. †Gapparodus Abaimova 1978

G. †Gumella Müller and Hinz 1991

G. †Hertzina Mueller 1959

G. †Muellerodus Miller 1980

G. †Nogamiconus Miller 1980

G. †Phakelodus Miller 1984

G. †Proacodus Müller 1959

G. †Problematoconites Mueller 1959

G. †Prooneotodus Mueller 1959

G. †Prosagittodontus Müller and Nogami 1971

G. †Serratocambria Müller and Hinz 1991

G. †Tarimspira Yue and Gao 1992

Invalid names: Fengzuella He and Yu 1992 [synonym]

G. †Trolmenia Müller and Hinz 1991

G. †Westergaardodina Müller 1959

Invalid names: Amphigeisinacea Clark et al. 1981 [empty]

G. †Parvigondolella Kozur and Mock 1972

†Parvigondolella andrusovi Kozur and Mock 1972

G. †Pollognathus Kozur and Mostler 1970

Or. †Polyplacognathida Stouge and Bagnoli 1999

Invalid names: Cahabagnathidae Stouge and Bagnoli 1999 [empty]

Or. †Prioniodontida Dzik 1976

Fm. †Acodontidae Dzik 1994

G. †Anticostiodus Zhang and Barnes 2000

Fm. †Balognathidae Hass 1959

Invalid names: Prioniodontidae Ulrich and Bassler 1926 [synonym]

Superfm. †Balognathoidea Hass 1959

Fm. †Cyrtoniodontidae Hass 1959

Fm. †Distomodontidae Klapper 1981

G. †Histiodella

Fm. †Multioistodontidae Harris 1964

G. †Oepikodus Lindström 1955

Fm. †Oistodontidae Lindström 1970

Fm. †Paracordylodontidae Bergström 1981

G. †Paracordylodus Lindström 1955

G. †Phragmodus Branson and Mehl 1933

Invalid names: Cyrtoniodus Stauffer 1935 [synonym]

Fm. †Plectodinidae Sweet 1988

Or. †Prioniodinida Sweet 1988

Subor. †Prioniodinina Sweet 1988

Superfm. †Prioniodontacea Bassler 1925

Fm. †Rhipidognathidae Lindström 1970

G. †Sagittodontina Knüpfer 1967

Fm. †Strachanognathidae Bergstrom 1981

Invalid names: Periodontidae Lindström 1970 [empty]

Or. †Protopanderodontida

Fm. †Acanthodontidae Lindström 1970

Fm. †Clavohamulidae Lindström 1970

Fm. †Cornuodontidae Stouge 1984

Fm. †Drepanoistodontidae Fahraeus and Nowlan 1978

Fm. †Oneotodontidae Miller 1980

Fm. †Protopanderodontidae Lindström 1970

Fm. †Serratognathidae Zhen et al. 2009

G. †Pseudobelodella Armstrong 1990

†Pseudobelodella silurica Armstrong 1990

G. †Rexroadus Zhang and Barnes 2002

†Rexroadus kentuckyensis Branson and Branson 1947

†Rexroadus nathani McCracken and Barnes 1981

G. †Rhynchognathodus Ethington 1959

G. †Rotundoconus An and Zhang 1983

G. †Sagittodontus Rhodes 1953

G. †Silurognathus Jeppsson 2005

†Silurognathus maximus Jeppsson 2005

G. †Spathognathodus Branson and Mehl 1941

†Spathognathodus asymmetricus Bischoff and Sannemann 1958

†Spathognathodus culminidirectus Scott 1961

†Spathognathodus dubius Ethington and Furnish 1962

†Spathognathodus fundamentus Walliser 1957

†Spathognathodus optimus Moskalenko 1966

†Spathognathodus stygius Flajs 1967

†Spathognathodus transitans Bischoff and Sannemann 1958

G. †Tardogondolella Kozur and Mostler 1971

†Tardogondolella postera Kozur and Mostler 1971

G. †Trichonodella Branson and Branson 1947

†Trichonodella blanda Stauffer 1940

†Trichonodella inconstans Ziegler 1960

G. †Youngquistognathus Myshkina and Zhuravlev 2005

G. †Zygognathus Branson et al. 1951

†Zygognathus manifestus Moskalenko 1973

Invalid names: Euconodonta Müller and Hinz 1991 [empty], Euconodonta Müller and Hinz 1991 [empty], Hindeodella andrusovi Kozur and Mostler 1972 [nomen dubium], Polygnathida Barskov 1995 [empty]

G. †Declinognathodus Dunn 1966

†Declinognathodus noduliferus Ellison and Graves 1941

G. †Dentacodina

G. †Dichodella

†Dichodella exilis Serpagli 1967

Superfm. †Distacodontacea Bassler 1925

Invalid names: Distacodontidae Bassler 1925 [empty], Teridontidae Miller 1981 [empty], Ulrichodinidae Bergstrom 1981 [empty]

G. †Elsonella

G. †Embaysgnathus

G. †Eocarniodus Orchard 1980

†Eocarniodus gracilis Rhodes 1955

G. †Evencodus

G. †Exochognathus Pollock et al. 1970

†Exochognathus brassfieldensis Branson and Branson 1947

†Exochognathus expansus Nicoll and Rexroad 1969

G. †Fungulodus

G. †Geniculatus

Superfm. †Hibbardellacea Mueller 1956

Fm. †Hibbardellidae Müller 1956

G. †Delotaxis Klapper and Philip 1971

G. †Hindeodelloides

G. †Hindeodina

G. †Homoiranognathus

G. †Huddlella

G. †Istorinus Knüpfer 1967

†Istorinus erectus Knüpfer 1967

Invalid names: Istorinus disymmetricus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus humilis Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus postdentatus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus recurvus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym]

G. †Laterignathus

G. †Leutorhinion

Fm. †Mestognathidae Austin and Rhodes 1981

G. †Mestognathus Bischoff

G. †Mitrellotaxis

G. †Neocavitella

G. †Norigondolella

G. †Oligodus

G. †Ozarcodina Walliser

Superfm. †Panderodontacea Lindstrom 1970

Invalid names: Scolopodontidae Bergstrom 1981 [empty]

G. †Paraprionodus Ethington and Clark 1982

G. †Pavlovites

G. †Playfordia Glenister and Klapper 1966

G. †Polygnathellus Branson and Mehl 1933

†Polygnathellus emarginatus Branson and Mehl 1933

G. †Prattognathus

G. †Pravognathus

G. †Pseudosweetognathus

G. †Ptilognathus

G. †Rhodalepus

G. †Roundya

†Roundya aurita Sannemann 1955

†Roundya laminata Branson and Mehl 1934

†Roundya latipennata Ziegler 1958

G. †Schopfodus

G. †Sibiriodus

G. †Steptotaxis

G. †Subbryantodus

G. †Tuxekania

G. †Volgelgnathus Norby and Rexroad 1985

G. †Windsorgnathus

G. †Zieglericonus

Invalid names: Chirognathacea Branson and Mehl 1944 [empty], Fryxellodontacea Miller 1981 [empty], Proconodontacea Miller 1981 [empty]

Cl. Myxini Jaekel 1911

G. †Myxineidus Poplin et al. 2001

†Myxineidus gononorum Poplin et al. 2001

Or. Myxiniformes [hagfish]

Fm. Myxinidae Rafinesque 1815

G. Anopsus Rafinesque 1815

Subfm. Eptatretinae

G. Muraenoblenna Lacépède 1803

Subfm. Myxininae

Subfm. Rubicundinae

Invalid names: Hyperotreti [synonym]

G. †Myxinikela Bardack 1991

†Myxinikela siroka Bardack 1991

Subcl. Myxinoidea [hagfish]

G. †Tethymyxine Miyashita et al. 2019

†Tethymyxine tapirostrum Miyashita et al. 2019

Cl. Petromyzontida Bonaparte 1831

Fm. †Gilpichthyidae Halstead 1993

G. †Gilpichthys Bardack and Richardson 1977

†Gilpichthys greeni Bardack and Richardson 1977

Fm. †Pipisciidae Halstead 1993

G. †Pipiscius Bardack and Richardson 1977

†Pipiscius zangerli Bardack and Richardson 1977

Invalid names: Hyperoartia Müller 1844 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hypospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Marsipobranchii [synonym], Palaeospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Petromyzontes [empty]

Unr. †Cyclostomi Duméril 1806

G. †Squirmarius McCoy et al. 2023

†Squirmarius testai McCoy et al. 2023

G. †Eosaurus Marsh 1862

†Eosaurus acadianus Marsh 1862

Cl. †Galeaspida Liu 1965

G. †Deanaspis Lin et al. 2025

†Deanaspis longpingi Lin et al. 2025

G. †Diploholcaspis Wang et al. 2009

†Diploholcaspis daleensis Wang et al. 2009

G. †Microphymaspis Wang et al. 2002

†Microphymaspis pani Wang et al. 2002

G. †Pseudoduyunaspis Wang et al. 1996

†Pseudoduyunaspis bachuensis Wang et al. 1996

Supercl. Gnathostomata Gegenbauer 1874 [jawed fish]

Cl. †Acanthodii Owen 1846 [spiny fish]

Or. †Acanthodiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Acanthodidae Huxley 1861

G. †Acanthodes Agassiz 1833

G. †Acanthoessus Agassiz 1832

G. †Carycinacanthus Miles 1966

G. †Homalacanthus Russell 1951

G. †Howittacanthus Long 1986

G. †Protogonacanthus Miles 1966

G. †Pseudacanthodes White and Moy-Thomas 1941

G. †Traquairichthys Whitley 1933

G. †Triazeugacanthus Miles 1966

G. †Utahacanthus Schultze 1990

Invalid names: Acanthoessidae Hay 1902 [synonym], Howittacanthidae Zajıc 1995 [synonym]

Fm. †Cheiracanthidae Bleeker 1859

G. †Cheiracanthus Agassiz 1835

Fm. †Mesacanthidae Moy-Thomas 1939

G. †Melanoacanthus Cumbaa and Schultze 2002

G. †Mesacanthus Traquair 1888

G. †Antarctonchus White 1968

†Antarctonchus glacialis White 1968

G. †Archaeacanthus Kade 1858

†Archaeacanthus quadrisulcatus Kade 1858

G. †Byssacanthoides Woodward 1921

†Byssacanthoides debenhami Woodward 1921

G. †Campylodus Rohon 1893

†Campylodus delgadoi Priem 1911

†Campylodus sigmoides Rohon 1893

Or. †Climatiiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Brochoadmonidae Bernacsek and Dineley 1977

G. †Brochoadmones Bernascek and Dineley 1977

G. †Cassidiceps Gagnier and Wilson 1996

†Cassidiceps vermiculatus Gagnier and Wilson 1996

Fm. †Climatiidae Berg 1940

G. †Brachyacanthus Egerton 1860

G. †Cheiracanthoides Wells 1944

G. †Climatius Agassiz 1845

G. †Erriwacanthus Orvig 1967

G. †Fecundosquama Valiukevicius 2004

G. †Nostolepis Pander 1856

G. †Parexus Agassiz 1844

G. †Sabrinacanthus Miles 1973

G. †Sevyacanthus Burrow 2007

G. †Vernicomacanthus Miles 1973

Fm. †Euthacanthidae Berg 1940

G. †Euthacanthus Powrie 1864

Fm. †Gyracanthidae Woodward 1906

G. †Aganacanthus Traquair 1884

G. †Ankylacanthus Burrow et al. 2008

G. †Antacanthus Dewalque 1877

G. †Gyracanthides Woodward 1906

G. †Gyracanthus Agassiz 1836

G. †Mitrodus Owen 1867

G. †Oracanthus Agassiz 1836

G. †Hanilepis Wang and Dong 1989

G. †Pruemolepis Vieth-Schreiner 1983

Fm. †Vesperaliidae Valiukevicius and Burrow 2005

G. †Acanthacanthus Valiukevicius 2003

G. †Vesperalia Valiukevicius 2004

Or. †Diplacanthiformes Berg 1940

G. †Bryantonchus Burrow 2007

†Bryantonchus peracutus Burrow 2007

Fm. †Culmacanthidae Long 1983

G. †Culmacanthus Long 1983

G. †Devononchus Gross 1940

†Devononchus concinnus Gross 1940

†Devononchus ketleriensis Gross 1947

†Devononchus laevis Gross 1933

†Devononchus tenuispinus Gross 1933

Fm. †Diplacanthidae Woodward 1891

G. †Diplacanthus Agassiz 1843

G. †Florestacanthus Burrow et al. 2003

G. †Milesacanthus Young and Burrow 2004

Fm. †Gladiobranchidae Bernacsek and Dineley 1977

G. †Gladiobranchus Bernascek and Dineley 1977

G. †Eupleurogmus M'Coy 1890

†Eupleurogmus cresswelli M'Coy 1890

G. †Gemuendolepis Gross 1973

†Gemuendolepis muelleri Gross 1973

G. †Haplacanthus Agassiz 1845

†Haplacanthus ehrmanensis Gross 1940

†Haplacanthus marginalis Agassiz 1845

†Haplacanthus perseensis Gross 1942

G. †Homacanthus Agassiz 1845

†Homacanthus acinaciformis Eastman 1903

†Homacanthus arcuatus Agassiz 1844

†Homacanthus delicatulus Eastman 1903

†Homacanthus elegans Davis 1879

†Homacanthus gracilis Whiteaves 1889

†Homacanthus jaekeli Gross 1933

†Homacanthus macrodus M'Coy 1848

†Homacanthus microdus M'Coy 1848

†Homacanthus parvulus Newverry 1875

†Homacanthus sveteensis Gross 1942

Or. †Ischnacanthida Berg 1940

G. †Atopacanthus Hussakof and Bryant 1918

†Atopacanthus dentatus Hussakof and Bryant 1918

†Atopacanthus juvai Hairapetian and Burrow 2016

†Atopacanthus peculiaris Hussakof and Bryant 1918

Or. †Ischnacanthiformes Berg 1940

G. †Acanthospina Valiukevicius 2003

†Acanthospina irregulare Valiukevicius 2003

Fm. †Acritolepidae Valiukevicius and Burrow 2005

G. †Acritolepis Valiukevicius 2003

G. †Nerepisacanthus Burrow 2011

Fm. †Ischnacanthidae Woodward 1891

G. †Acanthodopsis Hancock and Atthey 1868

G. †Apateacanthus Woodward 1891

G. †Arcticacanthus Valiukevicius 2003

G. †Cacheacanthus Burrow 2007

G. †Gomphonchus Gross 1971

G. †Helenacanthus Bryant 1934

G. †Ictinocephalus Page 1859

G. †Ischnacanthus Powrie 1864

G. †Marsdenius Wellburn 1902

G. †Persacanthus Janvier 1977

G. †Rohonilepis Valiukevicius 2004

G. †Uraniacanthus Miles 1973

G. †Podoliacanthus Voichyshyn and Szaniawski 2012

†Podoliacanthus zychi Voichyshyn and Szaniawski 2012

Fm. †Poracanthodidae Vergoossen 1997

G. †Acanthopora Valiukevicius 2003

G. †Poracanthodes Brotzen 1934

G. †Serradentus Newman et al. 2019

†Serradentus armstrongi Newman et al. 2019

Fm. †Tetanopsyridae Hanke and Wilson 1999

G. †Tetanopsyrus Gagnier et al. 1999

G. †Xylacanthus Orvig 1967

†Xylacanthus grandis Orvig 1967

G. †Latviacanthus Schultze and Zidek 1982

†Latviacanthus ventspilsensis Schultze and Zidek 1982

G. †Lupopsyroides Hanke and Wilson 2004

†Lupopsyroides macracanthus Hanke and Wilson 2004

G. †Lupopsyrus Bernacsek and Dineley 1977

†Lupopsyrus pygmaeus Bernascek and Dineley 1977

Fm. †Machaeracanthidae Burrow and Young 2005

G. †Machaeracanthus Newberry 1857

†Machaeracanthus archiaci Rouault 1858

†Machaeracanthus bohemicus Barrande 1872

†Machaeracanthus kayseri Kegel 1913

†Machaeracanthus larteti Rouault 1858

†Machaeracanthus longaevus Eastman 1907

†Machaeracanthus major Newberry 1857

†Machaeracanthus peracutus Newberry 1857

†Machaeracanthus polonicus Gurich 1901

†Machaeracanthus retusus Wells 1940

†Machaeracanthus sulcatus Newberry 1857

G. †Monopleurodus Pander 1856

†Monopleurodus ohhesaarensis Pander 1856

G. †Neoasiacanthus Wang et al. 1980

G. †Nodacosta Gross 1940

†Nodacosta gemuendensis Gross 1933

†Nodacosta pauli Gross 1940

†Nodocosta denisoni Burrow 2007

G. †Nodonchus White 1961

†Nodonchus bambusifer White 1961

Fm. †Onchidae Jordan 1923

G. †Leptocheles M'Coy 1853

G. †Naulas Agassiz 1845

G. †Onchus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus arcuatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus besomensis White 1961

†Onchus clintoni Claypole 1885

†Onchus granulatus Roemer 1885

†Onchus graptolitarum Fritsch 1907

†Onchus hamatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus latus Leriche 1931

†Onchus major Etheridge 1872

†Onchus murchisoni Agassiz 1837

†Onchus overathensis Gross 1937

†Onchus penetrans Bryant 1932

†Onchus pennsylvanicus Claypole 1885

†Onchus rarus Liepin'sh 1959

†Onchus rectus Eastman 1899

†Onchus semistriatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus siluricus Fritsch 1907

†Onchus sublaevis Agassiz 1845

†Onchus tenuistriatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus verus Schmidt 1954

†Onchus wheathillensis White 1961

G. †Paucicanthus Hanke 2002

†Paucicanthus vanelsti Hanke 2002

G. †Pinnacanthus Bryant 1934

†Pinnacanthus inequistriatus Bryant 1934

G. †Promesacanthus Hanke 2008

†Promesacanthus eppleri Hanke 2008

G. †Ptychodictyon Gross 1973

†Ptychodictyon americanum Burrow 2007

†Ptychodictyon rimosum Gross 1973

†Ptychodictyon sulcatum Gross 1973

G. †Seretolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Striacanthus Hills 1931

†Striacanthus sicaeformis Hills 1931

Fm. †Tchunacanthidae Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2003

G. †Lenacanthus Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2003

G. †Tchunacanthus Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2003

G. †Yealepis Burrow and Young 1999

Invalid names: Acanthodei Gunnell 1933 [replaced], Acanthodi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Acanthodida Berg 1940 [empty], Climatiida Berg 1940 [empty], Diplacanthi Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Cl. Chondrichthyes Huxley 1880 [cartilaginous fish]

Or. †Altholepidiformes

Fm. †Altholepididae Andreev et al. 2015

G. †Altholepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

Fm. †Tazakidae Andreev et al. 2015

G. †Tazakia Andreev et al. 2015

Or. †Antarctilamniformes Ginter et al. 2008

Fm. †Antarctilamnidae Ginter et al. 2008

G. †Antarctilamna Young 1982

G. †Wellerodus Turner 1997

Fm. †Coronodontidae Harris 1951

G. †Coronodus Bryant 1935

Fm. †Bandringidae Zangerl 1969

G. †Bandringa Zangerl 1969

†Bandringa herdinae Zangerl 1979

†Bandringa rayi Zangerl 1969

Or. †Bradyodontida Woodward 1921

Subor. †Chimaerina Zangerl 1981

Invalid names: Deltodontidae Zangerl 1981 [empty]

G. †Jimpohlia Zangerl 1979

†Jimpohlia erinacea Zangerl 1979

Superor. †Cladoselachimorpha

Or. †Cladoselachiformes

Fm. †Cladoselachidae Dean 1894

Or. †Symmoriiformes Zangerl 1981

G. †Dwykaselachus Oelofsen 1986

Fm. †Falcatidae Zangerl 1990

G. †Ferromirum Frey et al. 2020

G. †Kawichthys Pradel et al. 2011

G. †Kungurodus Ivanov 2017

G. †Stemmatias Hay 1899

Invalid names: Gunnellodus Wilimovksy 1954 [synonym], Stemmatodus St John and Worthen 1875 [replaced]

Fm. †Symmoriidae Dean 1909

Invalid names: Stethacanthidae Lund 1974 [synonym]

Invalid names: Denaeidae Berg 1940 [empty]

Superor. †Ctenacanthimorpha

Or. †Ctenacanthiformes Glikman 1964

G. †Acandylacanthus St. John and Worthen 1875

G. †Arauzia Mader 1986

Fm. †Ctenacanthidae Dean 1909

Superfm. †Ctenacanthoidea Zangerl 1981

G. †Dracopristis Hodnett et al. 2021

G. †Goodrichthys

Invalid names: Moythomasina Fowler 1958 [objective synonym]

G. †Grossosteus White and Moy-Thomas 1940

Invalid names: Coelosteus Gross 1930 [replaced]

Fm. †Heslerodidae Maisey 2010

G. †Kaibabvenator Hodnett et al. 2012

G. †Moyacanthus

G. †Nanoskalme Hodnett et al. 2012

G. †Neosaivodus Hodnett et al. 2012

G. †Pororhiza

G. †Saivodus Duffin and Ginter 2006

Or. †Squatinactiformes Zangerl 1981

Fm. †Squatinactidae Cappetta et al. 1993

G. †Doliodus Traquair 1893

†Doliodus latispinosus Traquair 1893

G. †Duplisuggestus Johns 1997

†Duplisuggestus duplirugosus Johns 1997

†Duplisuggestus profundisulcus Johns 1997

Or. †Elegestolepidida

Fm. †Elegestolepididae Andreev et al. 2017

G. †Elegestolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1973

Fm. †Kannathalepididae Marss and Gagnier 2001

G. †Kannathalepis Marss and Gagnier 2001

G. †Eucentrurus Traquair 1901

Subcl. Euselachii Hay 1902

G. †Acronemus Rieppel 1982

†Acronemus tuberculatus Bassani 1886

Invalid names: Acrodus bicarinatus Bassani 1886 [synonym]

G. †Artiodus Ivanov and Duffin 2017

†Artiodus prominens Ivanov and Duffin 2017

G. †Cheirostephanus Casier 1958

†Cheirostephanus hurzeleri Casier 1958

Infracl. Elasmobranchii Bonaparte 1838 [elasmobranch]

Fm. †Agaleidae Rees 2000

G. †Amelacanthus Maisey 1982

G. †Annulicorona Chen and Cuny 2003

G. †Aporomicrodus Fowler 1958

Invalid names: Microdus Emmons 1857 [replaced]

G. †Arduodens Hairapetian and Ginter 2009

Unr. Batomorphi Cappetta 1980

G. †Carcharopsis Agassiz 1843

G. †Carinasubcorona Johns 1997

G. †Celtiberina Wang 1993

Fm. Cestraciontidae Bonaparte 1838 [bullhead shark]

G. †Changxingselache Wang et al. 2007

Or. †Cladoselachida Dean 1909

G. †Complanicorona Johns 1997

G. †Coniunctio Johns 1997

G. †Eunemacanthus StJohn and Worhten 1883

Unr. Euselachiformes Maisey 1975

G. †Eychlaodus Glikman 1957

G. †Fragilicorona Johns 1997

Or. Galeiformes

Superor. †Galeomorphi

Invalid names: Selachimorpha Nelson 1984 [synonym]

G. †Glabrisubcorona Johns 1997

G. †Gondwanodus Daymond 1999

Unr. †Ichthyodorulites Buckland

G. †Labascicorona Johns 1997

G. †Labrilancea Johns 1997

G. †Leonodus Mader 1986

G. †Lesnilomia Ginter 2008

G. †Lobaticorona Johns 1997

Fm. †Lugalepididae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

Fm. †Mcmurdodontidae White 1968

G. †Meishanselache Wang et al. 2007

G. †Minuticorona Johns 1997

G. †Oniscina Goldenberg 1873

G. †Ornathiliabrilance Johns 1997

G. †Ornatilabrilancea Johns 1997

Fm. †Ostenoselachidae Duffin 1998

Infracl. Osteodonti

G. †Parvicorona Chen and Cuny 2003

G. †Parvidiabolus Johns 1997

G. †Parviscapha Johns 1997

G. †Physonemus Agassiz 1843

Invalid names: Batacanthus St John and Worthen 1870 [synonym], Drepanacanthus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Gnathacanthus Davis 1883 [synonym], Xystracanthus Leidy 1859 [synonym]

Or. †Plagiostomi Cuvier

G. †Platylithophycus Johnson and Howell 1948

G. †Raineria Osswald 1928

G. †Rosaodus Li et al. 2022

G. †Rugosicorona Johns 1997

G. †Sacrisubcorona Johns 1997

Unr. Selachii [shark]

G. †Serratocorona Chen 2002

G. †Siamodus

Superor. Squalomorphi Compagno 1973

G. †Suaviloquentia Johns 1997

Fm. †Thrinacodontidae Grogan and Lund 2008

G. †Undulaticorona Johns 1997

Or. †Xenacanthida Glikmann 1964

Invalid names: Cladodontomorphi Ginter et al. 2010 [empty], Cladodontomorphii Obruchev 1967 [empty], Cladodus hassiacus Gross 1937 [nomen dubium], Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel 1921 [nomen dubium], Cladoselachii Dean 1894 [empty], Coronodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Orodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Orthacodus Woodward 1889 [nomen dubium], Pleuracanthidae Woodward [empty], Pleuracanthodii [empty], Pristiorajea Cicimurri 2007 [empty], Proselachii Gadow 1898 [empty], Sphenodus Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Sphenodus plana Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium]

G. †Favusodus Li et al. 2022

†Favusodus orientalis Li et al. 2022

Subor. †Galei

Fm. †Ginglystomidae

Fm. †Rhineodontidae

Invalid names: Lamnoidei [empty]

Unr. Galeoidei

Fm. †Galeidae

Fm. †Pliotremidae

G. †Hueneichthys Reif 1977

†Hueneichthys costatus Reif 1977

Infracl. †Hybodonta

Or. †Hybodontiformes Patterson 1966

Fm. †Listracanthidae Martill et al. 2014

G. †Acanthorhachis Martill et al. 2014

G. †Listracanthus Newberry and Worthen 1870

Unr. Neoselachii Compagno 1977

Or. †Anachronistiformes Ivanov and Duffin 2024

Unr. Batoidea [ray]

G. †Duffinselache Andreev and Cuny 2012

G. †Eorapax Saugen et al. 2025

Superor. Galeomorphii Compagno 1973

G. †Grozonodon Cuny et al. 1998

G. †Hopleacanthus Schaumberg 1982

G. †Nanocetorhinus Underwood and Schlogl 2013

G. †Odontorhytis Bohm 1926

G. †Rhomaleodus Andreev and Cuny 2012

Superor. †Squalea Shirai 1996

G. †Vallisodus Duffin 2021

Invalid names: Vallisia Duffin 1982 [replaced]

Invalid names: Dalatiiformes Shirai 1992 [empty], Galea Shirai 1996 [empty], Squatinomorphii Compagno 1973 [empty]

Or. †Protacrodontiformes

Fm. †Protacrodontidae Cappetta et al. 1993

Invalid names: Protacrodontoidea Zangerl 1981 [invalid subgroup]

G. †Surcaudalus Leu 1989

†Surcaudalus rostratus Leu 1989

G. †Tuberospina Lebedev 1995

Invalid names: Dasyatiformes [empty], Musteliformes [empty], Notidaniformes [empty], Scyliorhiniformes [empty], Squatinoidei Berg 1940 [empty], Squatinorajiformes [empty], Synechodontidae Casier 1947 [empty]

G. †Fasciodus Henry 1876

†Fasciodus pectinatus Henry 1876

G. †Geisacanthus St John and Worthen 1875

G. †Gladbachus Heidtke and Kratschmer 2001

†Gladbachus adentatus Heidtke and Kratschmer 2001

G. †Gogoselachus Long et al. 2015

†Gogoselachus lynnbeazleyae Long et al. 2015

G. †Gracilisuggestus Johns 1997

†Gracilisuggestus triapices Johns 1997

†Gracilisuggestus uniapex Johns 1997

Subcl. Holocephali Bonaparte 1832 [chimaera]

Or. †Debeeriiformes

Fm. †Debeeriidae Grogan and Lund 2000

G. †Delphyodontos Lund 1980

†Delphyodontos dacriformes Lund 1980

G. †Edaphodus Egerton 1836

Invalid names: Passalodon Buckland 1838 [synonym]

Or. †Eugeneodontiformes Zangerl 1981

Superfm. †Caseodontoidea Zangerl 1981

Superfm. †Edestoidea Hay 1930

Fm. †Helicampodontidae Itano and Lebedev 2023

Fm. †Helicoprionidae Karpinsky 1911

Invalid names: Agassizodontidae Zangerl 1981 [synonym]

Invalid names: Campyloprion Eastman 1902 [nomen dubium], Campyloprion annectans Eastman 1902 [nomen dubium], Edestoidei [empty], Edistidae Jaekel 1899 [empty], Eugeneodontoidei [empty]

Fm. †Gregoriidae Lund and Grogan 2004

G. †Bealbonn Lund and Grogan 2004

G. †Gregorius Lund and Grogan 2004

G. †Srianta Lund and Grogan 2004

Or. †Helodontiformes

Fm. †Helodontidae

Superor. †Holocephalomorpha Lund 1986

Or. Chimaeriformes Obruchev 1953 [chimaera]

Unr. †Cochliodontomorpha

Or. †Copodontiformes Obruchev 1953

Or. †Psammodontiformes Obruchev 1953

Invalid names: Chimaerimorpha [empty]

Fm. †Lagarodontidae Lebedev 2008

G. †Lagarodus

G. †Macrodontacanthus Romer 1942

†Macrodontacanthus kingi Romer 1942

G. †Menaspacanthus Patterson 1965

Or. †Orodontiformes Zangerl 1981

Fm. †Leiodontidae Ginter et al. 2010

Fm. †Orodontidae de Koninck 1878

Or. †Petalodontiformes Zangerl 1981

Fm. †Belantseidae Lund 1989

Fm. †Janassidae Jaekel 1899

Fm. †Obruchevodidae Lund et al. 2014

G. †Paracymatodus

Fm. †Petalodontidae Newberry and Worthen 1866

Fm. †Petalorhynchidae Lund et al. 2014

Fm. †Pristodontidae Woodward 1889

Invalid names: Peripristidae Eastman 1902 [synonym]

G. †Serratodus

G. †Thoralodus

Invalid names: Bradyodonti Arambourg and Bertin 1958 [synonym], Chimaeri Jaekel 1911 [empty], Debeeriformes [empty], Desmiodontidae Hansen 1985 [invalid subgroup], Desmiodus St. John and Worthen 1875 [nomen dubium], Euchondrocephali Lund and Grogan 1997 [synonym], Harpacanthidae Lund and Grogan 1997 [empty], Iniopterygiformes Zangerl and Case 1973 [empty], Paraselachiamorpha Lund 1977 [empty], Paraselachimorpha Lund 1977 [invalid subgroup], Trachyacanthi Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Infracl. †Holocephalimorpha Lund 1986

G. †Harpacanthus Traquair 1886

†Harpacanthus fimbriatus Traquair 1886

Or. †Iniopterygia Zangerl and Case 1973

Fm. †Iniopterygidae Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Cervifurca Zangerl 1997

G. †Iniopteryx Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Papilionichthys Grogan and Lund 2009

G. †Promexyele Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Rainerichthys Grogan and Lund 2009

G. †Inioxyle

Fm. †Sibyrhynchidae Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Iniopera Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Inioxyele Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Sibyrhynchus Zangerl and Case 1973

Fm. †Kathemacanthidae

G. †Kathemacanthus Gagnier and Wilson 1996

†Kathemacanthus rosulentus Gagnier and Wilson 1996

G. †Leonotus

G. †Machichnus Mikulas et al. 2006

†Machichnus bohemicus Mikulas et al. 2006

Or. †Mongolepidida Karatujute-Talimaa et al. 1990

Fm. †Mongolepididae Karatujute-Talimaa et al. 1990

G. †Mongolepis Karatajute-Talimaa et al. 1990

G. †Rongolepis Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Taklamakanolepis Andreev et al. 2020

Fm. †Shiqianolepidae Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Chenolepis Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Shiqianolepis Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Tielikewatielepis Andreev et al. 2020

G. †Xiaohaizilepis Andreev et al. 2020

G. †Xinjiangichthys Wang et al. 1998

G. †Obtusacanthus Hanke and Wilson 2004

†Obtusacanthus corroconis Hanke and Wilson 2004

Or. †Omalodontiformes Turner 1997

Fm. †Aztecodontidae Hairapetian et al. 2008

G. †Aztecodus Long and Young 1995

Invalid names: Anareodus Long and Young 1995 [synonym]

G. †Manberodus Hairapetian et al. 2008

Fm. †Omalodontidae Ginter et al. 2008

G. †Omalodus Ginter and Ivano 1992

G. †Portalodus Long and Young 1995

G. †Siberiodus Ivanov and Rodina 2004

Fm. †Palaeospondylidae Stürtz 1899

G. †Palaeospondylus Traquair 1890

Or. †Phoebodontiformes Ginter et al. 2002

Fm. †Jalodontidae Ginter et al. 2002

G. †Adamantina Bendix-Almgreen 1993

G. †Isacrodus Ivanov et al. 2012

G. †Jalodus Ginter 1999

G. †Texasodus Ivanov et al. 2012

Fm. †Phoebodontidae Williams 1985

G. †Diademodus Harris 1951

G. †Phoebodus St. John and Worthen 1875

G. †Thrinacodus St. John and Worthen 1875

Invalid names: Harpago Turner 1982 [synonym], Harpagodens Turner 1983 [synonym]

G. †Plesioselachus Anderson et al. 1999

†Plesioselachus macracanthus Anderson 1990

Or. †Polymerolepidiformes

Fm. †Polymerolepididae Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Polymerolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

Fm. †Polysentoridae Zangerl 1979

G. †Polysentor Zangerl 1979

†Polysentor gorbairdi Zangerl 1979

G. †Proprigalea Johns 1997

†Proprigalea languidula Johns 1997

†Proprigalea mediglabra Johns 1997

†Proprigalea medirugosa Johns 1997

Fm. †Protodontidae Woodward 1932

G. †Dendrodus Whiteaves 1897

†Dendrodus arisaigensis Whiteaves 1896

G. †Protodus Woodward 1892

†Protodus jexi Woodward 1892

G. †Stigmodus Brotzen 1934

G. †Ptomacanthus Miles 1973

†Ptomacanthus anglicus Miles 1973

Fm. †Pucapampellidae Maisey et al. 2018

G. †Gydoselache Maisey et al. 2018

†Gydoselache oosthuizeni Maisey et al. 2018

G. †Pucapampella Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Pucapampella rodrigae Janvier and Riglos 1986

G. †Pucapumpella Maisey and Anderson 2001

G. †Qianodus Andreev et al. 2022

†Qianodus duplicis Andreev et al. 2022

G. †Shenacanthus Zhu et al. 2022

†Shenacanthus vermiformis Zhu et al. 2022

G. †Simmorius

Or. †Sinacanthida Andreev et al. 2020

Fm. †Sinacanthidae Min 1998

G. †Neosinacanthus P'an and Liu 1975

G. †Sinacanthus P'an Kiang 1959

G. †Tarimacanthus Min 1998

G. †Thaumatacanthus Waagen 1880

†Thaumatacanthus blanfordi Waagen 1880

Fm. †Wellingtonellidae Marss et al. 2002

G. †Wellingtonella Marss et al. 2002

Superor. †Xenacanthimorpha

Or. †Bransonelliformes Hampe and Ivanov 2007

G. †Barbclabornia Johnson 2003

G. †Bransonella Harlton 1933

Or. †Xenacanthiformes Berg 1955

Fm. †Diplodoselachidae Dick 1981

Fm. †Xenacanthidae Fritsch 1889

G. †Yuanolepis Andreev et al. 2020

†Yuanolepis bachunensis Andreev et al. 2020

Invalid names: Clamydoselachidae [empty], Ctenoptychius ordii Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Desmiodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Mongolepidiformes [empty], Rhinobatiformes Müller and Henle 1837 [empty], Subterbranchialia Zangerl 1979 [empty]

Unr. †Eugnathostomata

Unr. Teleostomi Bonaparte 1836

Fm. †Lepidopidae

G. †Paraleucolepidopa Calado 1996

Unr. Malacopterygii

Invalid names: Elopsidae [empty]

Invalid names: Podopterygia Cope 1887 [empty], Rhipidopterygia Cope 1887 [empty]

Invalid names: Chondrichthyomorphi [empty]

G. †Janusiscus Giles et al. 2015

†Janusiscus schultzei Giles et al. 2015

G. †Minjinia Brazeau et al. 2020

†Minjinia turgenensis Brazeau et al. 2020

Cl. Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [bony fish]

Subcl. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]

Infracl. Actinopteri Cope 1871

Or. †Aeduelliformes Heyler 1969

Or. †Amphicentriformes

G. †Anaglyphus Rzehak 1881

G. †Angatubichthys De Figueriredo and Carvalho 2004

G. †Bethesdaichthys Bender 2001

G. †Blourugia Bender 2006

Fm. †Dwykiidae Gardiner 1969

G. †Frederichthys Coates 1993

Fm. †Kenderlichthyidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

G. †Kompasia Bender 2002

G. †Lanarkichthys Elliott 2018

G. †Limnomis Daeschler 2000

G. †Melanecta Coates 1998

G. †Moythomasia Gross 1950

Invalid names: Aldingeria Gross 1942 [replaced]

Fm. †Nematoptychiidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

Unr. Neopterygii Regan 1923

Fm. †Palaeobergiidae Kazantseva 1968

Or. †Paphosisciformes Grogan and Lund 2015

G. †Pseudohaplolepis Elliott 2018

Or. †Scanilepidiformes Sytchevskaya 1999

Fm. †Tarrasiidae

Unr. Teleosteomorpha Arratia et al. 2004

G. †Westlepis Bender 2004

G. †Woodichthys Coates 1998

Invalid names: Discordichthyiformes Minikh 1998 [empty], Docopteri Cope 1877 [empty], Inichthyidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1981 [empty], Lysopteri Cope 1880 [empty], Merospondyli Cope 1887 [empty], Mesichthyes Hay 1902 [empty], Palaeophoxinus Coates 1988 [nomen nudum], Phthinobranchii Hay 1902 [empty], Plectospondyli Cope 1872 [empty]

G. †Austelliscus Figueroa et al. 2021

†Austelliscus ferox Figueroa et al. 2021

Or. †Cheirolepidiformes

Fm. †Cheirolepididae Pander 1860

Infracl. Chondrostei Müller 1844

Or. Acipenseriformes Berg 1940

Fm. Dictyopygidae

Invalid names: Catopteridae Woodward 1890 [synonym]

G. †Neochallaia Rusconi 1949

Invalid names: Asterodontidae [empty], Cheirolepiformes [empty], Chondrosteiformes [empty], Diphyodontidae [empty], Guidayichthyiformes Lund 2000 [empty], Polyodonti Jaekel 1911 [empty], Sturii Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Infracl. Cladistia Cope 1870

Or. Polypteriformes

Invalid names: Calamoichthyidae [empty]

Fm. †Coccocephalichthyidae Fowler 1951

G. †Coccocephalus Watson 1925

Invalid names: Coccocephalichthys Whitley 1940 [replaced], Cocconiscus White and Moy-Thomas 1940 [replaced]

Fm. †Coccolepidae Berg 1940

G. †Coccolepis Agassiz 1843

G. †Concentrilepis Stack and Gottfried 2022

†Concentrilepis minnekahtaensis Stack and Gottfried 2022

Or. †Elonichthyiformes Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

Fm. †Acrolepidae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Acrolepididae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Eigiliidae Kazan'tseva 1981

Fm. †Elonichthyidae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Gonatodidae Gardiner 1967

G. †Samarichthys Minikh 1990

Fm. †Varialepididae Minikh 1990

Or. †Eurynotoidiformes Minikh and Minikh 1990

Fm. †Eurynotoidiidae Minikh and Minikh 1990

G. †Gogosardina Choo et al. 2009

†Gogosardina coatesi Choo et al. 2009

Unr. Halecostomi Regan 1903

G. †Angolaichthys Teixeira 1947

G. †Aphanepygus Bassani 1879

G. †Hulettia Schaeffer and Patterson 1984

Or. †Ligulelliformes Taverne 2011

Infracl. Teleostei Müller 1846

Fm. †Haplolepidae Westoll 1944

G. †Blairolepis Lowney 1983

G. †Blanzyhaplolepis Poplin 1997

G. †Haplolepis Miller 1892

Invalid names: Mecolepis Newberry 1856 [synonym], Mekolepis Newberry 1856 [synonym]

G. †Microhaplolepis Lowney 1980

Subfm. †Parahaplolepinae Lowney 1983

G. †Protohaplolepis Lowney 1983

Or. †Heteromi

Subor. Hoplopleuri

Invalid names: Pronotacanthidae [empty]

Fm. †Howqualepididae Long et al. 2008

G. †Donnrosenia Long et al. 2008

G. †Howqualepis Long 1988

G. †Lambeia Mickle 2017

†Lambeia pectinatus Mickle 2017

G. †Mesopoma R. H. Traquair 1890

†Mesopoma ardrossense Moy-Thomas 1938

†Mesopoma crassum Moy-Thomas 1938

Invalid names: Canobius crassum Traquair 1914 [replaced]

†Mesopoma fusiforme Traquair 1881

†Mesopoma macrocephalum Traquair 1890

†Mesopoma planti Traquair 1888

†Mesopoma politum Traquair 1881

Invalid names: Canobius politus Traquair 1881 [synonym]

†Mesopoma pulchellum Traquair 1881

Invalid names: Canobius pulchellus Traquair 1881 [synonym]

†Mesopoma smithsoni Coates 1993

Invalid names: Mesopoma becketense Lowney 1980 [nomen nudum]

Fm. †Mimiidae Gardiner 1993

G. †Mimipiscis Choo 2012

Invalid names: Mimia Gardiner and Bartram 1977 [replaced]

G. †Pacorichthys Lombardo 2013

†Pacorichthys sangiorgii Lombardo 2013

Or. †Percomorphi

Subor. Amphacanthi

Unr. Bramiformes

Subor. Pareiopliteae Richardson 1836

Subor. †Percesoces

Subor. †Rhegnopteri

Subor. Squamipennes

Invalid names: Carangoidea [empty], Chaetodontoidea [empty], Coryphaeniformes [empty], Luvariformes [empty], Xiphiiformes [empty], Zaproroidea [empty]

G. †Pickeringius Choo et al. 2018

†Pickeringius acanthophorus Choo et al. 2018

Or. †Platysomiformes Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Platysomidae

Or. †Plectognathi

Subor. †Sclerodermi Cuvier

G. †Pteronisculus White 1933

†Pteronisculus aldingeri Nielsen 1942

†Pteronisculus arambourgi Lehman 1952

†Pteronisculus arcticus Schultze et al. 2021

Invalid names: Glaucolepis arctica Stensiö 1932 [synonym], Glaucolepis arctica Stensiö 1932 [synonym]

†Pteronisculus broughi Lehman 1952

†Pteronisculus changae Ren and Xu 2021

†Pteronisculus cicatrosus White 1933

†Pteronisculus gunnari Nielsen 1942

†Pteronisculus gyrolepidoides Stensiö 1921

†Pteronisculus laetus Gardiner 1966

†Pteronisculus macropterus White 1933

†Pteronisculus magna Nielsen 1942

†Pteronisculus meiringi Gardiner and Jubb 1975

†Pteronisculus nevadanus Romano et al. 2019

†Pteronisculus nielseni Xu et al. 2014

†Pteronisculus stensioi Nielsen 1942

Invalid names: Glaucolepis Stensiö 1921 [replaced]

Or. †Ptycholepidiformes

Fm. †Chungkingichthyidae Su 1974

Fm. †Ptycholepididae Brough 1939

G. †Yuchoulepis Su 1993

Or. †Redfieldiiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Brookvaliidae Berg 1940

G. †Calaichthys Gouiric-Cavalli et al. 2017

Or. †Rhadinichthyiformes Lowney 1980

Fm. †Willomorichthyidae Gardiner 1969

Invalid names: Rhadinichthyoidei Lowney 1980 [empty]

Or. †Saurichthyiformes

Fm. †Saurichthyidae Stensiö 1925

Invalid names: Belonorhynchidae Woodward 1888 [synonym]

Fm. †Yelangichthyidae Wu et al. 2013

Or. †Scleroparei

G. Cyclopterus Linnaeus 1758

Fm. †Scopelidae

G. †Tydeus Sauvage 1870

Or. †Tarrasiiformes

G. †Tarrasius Traquair 1881

G. †Tenupiscis Stack et al. 2025

†Tenupiscis dakotaensis Stack et al. 2025

Fm. †Tienshaniscidae Liu and Wang 1978

G. †Tienshaniscus Liu and Wang 1978

Fm. †Turseoidae Bock 1959

G. †Eurecana Bock 1959

G. †Gwyneddichtis Bock 1959

Fm. †Uighuroniscidae Su 1985

G. †Uighuroniscus Su 1985

G. †Usclasichthys Heyler 1977

†Usclasichthys macrodens Heyler 1977

Invalid names: Amblypteriformes Heyler 1969 [empty], Berycomorphi [empty], Dorypteriformes [empty], Guildayichthyiformes Lund 2000 [empty], Gyrolepidoides multistriatus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Irajapintoseidae Beltan 1990 [empty], Phanerorhynchiformes [empty], Phanerosteoniformes Lowney 1980 [empty], Uydeniidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980 [empty]

Supercl. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]

Fm. †Aesopichthyidae Poplin and Lund 2000

G. †Aesopichthys Poplin and Lund 2000

G. †Proceramala Poplin and Lund 2000

Subor. †Aetheospondyli Woodward 1895

Fm. Lepisosteidae Cuvier 1825

G. †Aetheretmon White 1927

†Aetheretmon valentiacum White 1927

G. †Aethocephalichthys Fielitz et al. 1999

†Aethocephalichthys hyainarhinos Fielitz et al. 1999

G. †Akanolepis Kazantseva-Selezneva 1981

†Akanolepis allae Minich 1998

†Akanolepis decernans Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

G. †Ameghinichthys Arratia et al. 2004

†Ameghinichthys antarticus Arratia et al. 2004

G. †Anapterus Sauvage 1873

†Anapterus elongatus Sauvage 1870

†Anapterus megistosoma Sauvage 1870

†Anapterus siculus Sauvage 1873

G. †Aneurolepis White and Moy-Thomas 1941

†Aneurolepis macroptera Bellotti 1857

Invalid names: Urolepis elongatus Bellotti 1857 [synonym], Urolepis microlepidota Bellotti 1857 [synonym]

Invalid names: Urolepis Bellotti 1857 [replaced]

Or. †Asarotiformes Schaeffer 1968

Fm. †Asarotidae Schaeffer 1968

G. †Atkinsonella Jordan and Gilbert 1920

†Atkinsonella strigilis Jordan and Gilbert 1920

G. †Australichthys Gardiner 1969

†Australichthys longidorsalis Gardiner 1969

G. †Avamia Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

†Avamia malovetskajae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

G. †Avonichthys Wilson et al. 2018

†Avonichthys manskyi Wilson et al. 2018

G. †Baoqingichthys Wang et al. 2007

†Baoqingichthys microdontus Wang et al. 2007

G. †Beagiascus Mickle et al. 2009

†Beagiascus pulcherrimus Mickle et al. 2009

G. †Bishofia Kazantseva 1968

†Bishofia lucida Kazantseva 1968

G. †Bluefieldius Mickle 2018

†Bluefieldius mercerensis Mickle 2018

G. †Burguklia Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

†Burguklia gdali Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

†Burguklia minichorum Bakaev and Kogan 2020

Fm. †Charleuxiidae Heyler 2000

G. †Charleuxia Heyler 1969

G. †Chirothrix Zittel 1888

†Chirothrix lewisi Davis 1887

G. †Cuneognathus Friedman and Blom 2006

†Cuneognathus gardineri Friedman and Blom 2006

G. †Diplospondichthys Filleul and Dutheil 2004

†Diplospondichthys moreaui Filleul and Dutheil 2004

Fm. †Discordichthyidae Minikh 1998

G. †Discordichthys Minich 1998

G. †Geryonichthys Minikh 1998

G. †Mamulichthys Minikh 2014

G. †Mutovinia Minikh 1992

G. †Echidnocephalus von der Marck 1858

†Echidnocephalus tenuicaudus von der Marck 1858

†Echidnocephalus troscheli von der Marck 1858

G. Engraulis Cuvier 1817

Engraulis australis White 1790

Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus 1758

†Engraulis mordax Girard 1845

Subor. †Eurekichthyoidei Lowney 1980

Invalid names: Eurekichthyidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]

G. †Eurypoma Huxley 1866

G. †Exocoetoides Davis 1887

†Exocoetoides minor Davis 1887

†Exocoetoides tenuis Davis 1887

Or. †Fubarichthyiformes Lowney 1980

Invalid names: Fubarichthyidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]

G. †Guaymayenia Rusconi 1887

†Guaymayenia paramillensis Rusconi 1946

†Guaymayenia paramillisensis Rusconi 1946

G. †Guntherichthys Mickle 2011

†Guntherichthys lehiensis Mickle 2011

Fm. †Gyrolepidotidae Gardiner 1967

G. †Gyrolepidotus Rohon 1899

G. †Holuropsis Berg 1947

†Holuropsis yavorskyi Berg 1947

Or. †Isospondyli Cope 1887

G. †Proballostomus Cope 1891

Subor. Salmonoidea

Invalid names: Notopteroidei [empty], Pholidophoroidei [empty], Sauropsidae Cope 1877 [empty], Scyphophori [empty], Stomiatioidei [empty]

G. †Kalops Poplin and Lund 2002

†Kalops diophrys Poplin and Lund 2002

†Kalops monophrys Poplin and Lund 2002

G. †Kansasiella Poplin 1974

†Kansasiella eatoni Poplin 1974

G. †Kutaichthys Esin and Bakaev 2022

†Kutaichthys dozmerensis Esin and Bakaev 2022

†Kutaichthys gubini Esin and Bakaev 2022

G. †Lineagruan Mickle et al. 2009

†Lineagruan judithi Mickle et al. 2009

†Lineagruan snowyi Mickle et al. 2009

G. Mallotus Cuvier 1829

Mallotus villosus Muller 1776

G. †Meemannia Zhu et al. 2006

†Meemannia eos Zhu et al. 2006

G. †Meisenheimichthys Poschmann and Schindler 2004

†Meisenheimichthys breitenheimensis Poschmann and Schindler 2004

†Meisenheimichthys glanensis Schindler 2006

†Meisenheimichthys palatinus Poschmann and Schindler 2004

Invalid names: Elonichthys palatinus Schindler 1993 [replaced]

G. †Ministrella Matveeva 1958

†Ministrella longicauda Matveeva 1958

Fm. †Moythomasiidae Kazantseva 1971

G. †Krasnoyarichthys Prokofiev 2002

G. †Neuburgichthys Schultze et al. 2021

†Neuburgichthys mariae Schultze et al. 2021

G. †Nozamichthys Schultze and Bardack 1987

†Nozamichthys contorta Schultze and Bardack 1987

G. †Opistopteryx Pictet and Humbert 1866

†Opistopteryx curtus Davis 1887

†Opistopteryx gracilis Pictet 1850

G. †Oxypteriscus Matveeva 1958

†Oxypteriscus minimus Matveeva 1958

G. †Pachylebias Woodward 1901

Invalid names: Aelia Costa 1860 [replaced]

G. †Palaeoneiros Giles et al. 2023

†Palaeoneiros clackorum Giles et al. 2023

Or. †Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902

G. †Agecephalichthys Wade 1935

G. †Amblypterina Berg 1940

G. †Arratiaichthys Richter and Breitkreuz 1997

Fm. †Atherstoniidae Gardiner

G. †Blanzychthys Heyler and Poplin 1994

Fm. †Boreolepidae Aldinger 1937

G. †Borichthys

G. †Brachypareion Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

Fm. †Brazilichthyidae Cox and Hutchinson 1991

G. †Browneichthys Woodward 1889

G. †Burbonella

G. †Caelatichthys Lombardo 2002

Fm. †Canobiidae

G. †Cornuboniscus White 1939

G. †Cosmolepis Egerton 1858

Fm. †Cosmoptychiidae Gardiner 1963

G. †Daedalichthys Brough 1931

G. †Daqingshaniscus Chen 1988

G. †Decazella Heyler 1967

G. †Dorsolepis Sepkoski 2002

Subor. †Dorypteroidei

G. †Drydenius Traquair 1890

Invalid names: Microconodus Traquair 1877 [synonym]

G. †Fukangichthys Su 1978

G. †Gardinerichthys

G. †Gyrolepidoides Cabrera 1944

Fm. †Holuridae Moy-Thomas 1939

G. †Huanghelepis Lu 2002

G. †Igornella Heyer 1969

Fm. †Igornichthyidae Heyler 1977

G. †Illiniichthys Schultze and Bardack 1987

G. †Kentuckia Rayner 1951

G. †Korutichthys Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

G. †Letovichthys Štamberg 2007

G. †Luederia Schaeffer and Dalquest 1978

G. †Mansfieldiscus Long 1988

Invalid names: Cosmolepides M'Coy 1890 [synonym]

G. †Neuburgella Kazantseva-Selezneva 1981

G. †Orvikuina Gross 1953

G. †Osorioichthys Casier 1954

Subor. †Palaeoniscoidei

G. †Palaeothrissum de Blainville 1818

G. †Paradrydenius Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

G. †Paragonatodus Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

Fm. †Phanerorhynchidae Stensiö 1932

G. †Plesiococcolepis Wang 1977

G. †Protamblyptera

G. †Psilichthys Hall 1900

Subor. †Redfieldioidei Berg 1955

G. †Rhabdolepis Troschel 1857

G. †Sakamenichthys Lehman et al. 1959

Fm. †Scanilepididae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Sceletophoridae Štamberg 2006

G. †Songanella Saint-Seine and Casier 1962

G. †Tanaocrossus Schaeffer 1967

Fm. †Trissolepidae Štamberg 2013

G. †Urosthenes Dana 1848

G. †Westollia White and Moy-Thomas 1940

G. †Zaxilepis Su 1994

G. †Zhongweilepis Tan 2017

Invalid names: Bobasatraniiformes [synonym], Palaeoniscida [synonym]

Or. †Paleonisciformes

G. †Tanypterichthys Weems and Windolph 1986

Or. †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969

G. †Amblypterus Agassiz 1833

Invalid names: Archaeoniscus Sauvage 1890 [synonym]

G. †Paramblypterus Blot 1966

Invalid names: Chalkichthys Fritsch 1894 [synonym], Cosmopoma Sauvage 1890 [synonym]

Subor. †Phanerosteonoidei Lowney 1980

Invalid names: Phanerosteonidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]

G. †Phoebeannaia Caron et al. 2023

†Phoebeannaia mossae Caron et al. 2023

G. †Piratata Richter 2022

†Piratata rogersmithii Richter 2022

G. Protaulopsis Woodward 1901

†Protaulopsis bolcensis Woodward 1901

G. †Raynerius Giles et al. 2015

†Raynerius splendens Giles et al. 2015

G. †Rhynchorhinus Woodward 1901

†Rhynchorhinus branchialis Woodward 1901

†Rhynchorhinus major Woodward 1901

G. †Roslerichthys Hamel 2005

†Roslerichthys riomafrensis Hamel 2005

G. †Schizospondylus Bayer 1905

†Schizospondylus dubiius Bayer 1905

G. †Spinofacia Mickle 2011

†Spinofacia pectinatus Mickle 2011

G. †Stegotrachelus Woodward and White 1926

†Stegotrachelus finlayi Woodward and White 1926

G. †Tanyrhinichthys Gottfried 1987

†Tanyrhinichthys mcallisteri Gottfried 1987

G. †Terenolepis Burrow 1995

†Terenolepis turnerae Burrow 1995

G. †Tetragonopterus Cuvier 1817

†Tetragonopterus lignitcus Woodward 1898

G. †Trawdenia Coates and Tietjen 2018

†Trawdenia carricki Coates 1993

†Trawdenia pancheni Coates 1993

†Trawdenia planti Traquair 1888

G. †Uranichthys Minikh 2009

†Uranichthys pretoriensis Minikh 2009

G. †Yaomoshania Poplin et al. 1991

†Yaomoshania minutosquama Poplin et al. 1991

Invalid names: Bobastraniiformes [empty], Cenechoia paramillensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Cenechoia sulcata Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Eurynotiformes Sallan and Coates 2013 [empty], Eurynotus uspallatensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Gyrolepidoides cuyanus Cabrera 1944 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus pectoralis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus trotti Balsamo-Crivelli 1839 [nomen dubium], Neochallaia leonensis Rusconi 1952 [nomen dubium], Ophiopsis lariensis de Alessandri 1910 [nomen dubium], Palaeonisci [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscimorpha Lund et al. 1995 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidae Rohon 1890 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidea [invalid subgroup], Pholidophorus dentatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus lepturus Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus vallejensis Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Polypteri [empty], Protospondyli Woodward 1895 [empty], Semionotus brevis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus dubius Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus inornatus Henry 1876 [nomen dubium], Semionotus mendozaensis Geinitz 1885 [nomen dubium], Semionotus unicristatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Semionotus vallejensis Rusconi 1950 [nomen dubium]

Fm. †Andreolepididae Märss 2001

G. †Andreolepis Gross 1968

†Andreolepis hedei Gross 1968

†Andreolepis petri Märss 2001

Fm. Coregonidae

G. †Beckius David 1946

†Beckius plicatus David 1946

G. Coregonus Linnaeus 1758

Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill 1818

G. †Parastenodus David 1946

†Parastenodus gillensis David 1946

G. †Crenilepis Reis 1887

†Crenilepis sandbergeri Dames 1888

G. †Cyclotomodon Cope 1876

†Cyclotomodon vagrans Cope 1876

Or. †Dialipiniformes

G. †Dialipina Schultze 1968

†Dialipina markae Schultze 1992

†Dialipina salgueiroensis Schultze 1968

Or. Ganoidei Agassiz

Or. Cycloganoidei

G. †Hypamia Leidy 1873

Subor. Lepidosteidae Owen 1859

Fm. †Sauroidei Agassiz

Invalid names: Glaniostomi [empty], Lepidoganoidei [empty], Placoganoidei [empty], Pycnodonti [empty], Rhomboganoidei [empty], Selachostomi [empty]

Subfm. †Histiothrissinae Arambourg 1955

G. †Histiothrissa Woodward 1901

†Histiothrissa crassapinna Davis 1887

†Histiothrissa macrodactyla von der Marck 1858

Or. †Iniomi

Fm. †Beerichthyidae Casier 1966

G. †Beerichthys Casier 1966

Subor. Chondrichthyes

G. †Areyongalepis Young 2000

Invalid names: Areyonga Young 1997 [replaced]

Invalid names: Bathypteroidae [empty], Cetunculi [empty], Harpodontidae [empty], Malacosteidae [empty], Omosudidae [empty], Plagyodontidae [empty]

Fm. †Lophosteidae Gross 1969

G. †Lophosteus Pander 1856

†Lophosteus canadensis Schultze and Märss 2004

†Lophosteus connexus Schultze and Märss 2004

†Lophosteus incrementus Burrow 1995

†Lophosteus ohesaarensis Schultze and Märss 2004

†Lophosteus superbus Pander 1856

†Lophosteus uralensis Schultze and Märss 2004

G. †Naxilepis Wang and Dong 1989

†Naxilepis gracilis Wang and Dong 1989

G. †Nothosoma Agassiz 1843

†Nothosoma octostychius Egerton 1858

†Nothosomus laevissimus Agassiz 1834

G. †Preophiodon

Subcl. Sarcopterygii Romer 1955 [lobe-finned fish]

G. †Achoania Zhu et al. 2001

†Achoania jarvikii Zhu et al. 2001

Infracl. Actinistia Cope 1870

G. †Allenypterus Melton 1969

G. †Chagrinia Schaeffer 1962

Or. Coelacanthiformes Berg 1937 [coelacanth]

Fm. †Diplocercididae Berg 1940

Invalid names: Euporosteidae Romer 1966 [synonym]

Or. †Diplocercidiformes Schultze 2004

G. †Eoactinistia Johanson et al. 2006

G. †Hadronector Lund and Lund 1984

G. †Hainbergia Schweizer 1966

G. †Heptanema Belloti 1857

G. †Holopterygius Jessen 1973

Fm. †Laugiidae Berg 1940

Invalid names: Coccodermidae White 1956 [synonym]

Fm. †Miguashaiidae Schultze 1993

G. †Ngamugawi Clement et al. 2024

G. †Polyosteorhynchus Lund and Lund 1984

Fm. †Rebellatricidae Wendruff and Wilson 2012

Fm. †Rhabdodermatidae Berg 1958

Fm. †Sasseniidae Forey 1998

G. †Scleracanthus Stensiö 1921

G. †Serenichthys Gess and Coates 2015

G. †Shoshonia Friedman et al. 2007

G. †Synaptotylus Echols 1963

G. †Youngichthys Wang and Liu 1981

Invalid names: Coelacanthimorpha [synonym], Coelacanthini [replaced], Hadronectoridae Lund and Lund 1984 [empty]

Infracl. Dipnomorpha Ahlberg 1991

Superor. Dipnoi Müller 1884 [lungfish]

Invalid names: Ceratodontae [synonym], Dipterimorpha [synonym]

Superor. †Porolepidimorpha

Subcl. Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson 2006

Unr. Choanata Säve-Söderbergh 1934

G. †Diabolepis Chang and Yu 1984

Invalid names: Diabolichthys Holmes 1856 [replaced]

G. †Styloichthys Zhu and Yu 2002

Subcl. Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg 1991

Invalid names: Osteolepidimorpha [empty], Rhizodontimorpha [empty]

G. †Guiyu Zhu et al. 2009

†Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al. 2009

G. †Ligulalepis Schultze 1968

†Ligulalepis toombsi Schultze 1968

†Ligulalepis yunnanensis Wang and Dong 1989

Infracl. †Onychodontida Andrews 1973

Or. †Onychodontiformes

Invalid names: Struniiformes [synonym]

Infracl. †Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901

Fm. †Osteolepididae Cope 1887

Invalid names: Glyptodipterini Huxley 1861 [synonym], Glyptopomidae Goodrich 1909 [synonym]

Or. †Osteolepidiformes

Or. †Osteolepiformes Berg 1937

G. †Psarolepis Yu 1998

†Psarolepis romeri Yu 1998

G. †Ptyctolepis Lu et al. 2017

†Ptyctolepis brachynotus Lu et al. 2017

Infracl. Rhipidistia Cope 1887

G. †Grenfellia Johanson and Ritchie 2000

Invalid names: Osteolepidoidea [empty], Panderichthyida Vorobyeva 1989 [empty]

Infracl. †Rhizodontida Andrews and Westoll 1970

G. †Archichthys Hancock and Atthey 1870

G. †Barameda Long 1989

G. †Letognathus Brazeau 2005

Fm. †Rhizodontidae Traquair 1881

Or. †Rhizodontiformes Andrews and Westoll 1970

Fm. †Sauripteridae Davis et al. 2004

Infracl. Tetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [tetrapod]

G. †Bipedopus Haubold 1971

G. †Cryptobranchichnus Huene 1941

G. †Delairichnus Haubold 1971

G. †Nothosauripus Kuhn 1958

G. †Semibipedopus Haubold 1971

Invalid names: Actinistia Cope 1870 [empty], Akinetia Gardiner 1984 [empty], Crossopterygii Huxley 1861 [replaced], Lepidosireniformes Savage 1951 [empty], Onychodontia Jaekel 1911 [empty]

G. †Sparalepis Choo et al. 2017

†Sparalepis tingi Choo et al. 2017

G. †Tythonichthys

Invalid names: Cephaloxeniformes [empty], Euteleostomi [synonym], Pattonia Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pattonia couttsi Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pisces Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]

Cl. †Placodermi M'Coy 1848 [armour-plated fish]

Or. †Acanthothoraci Stensiö 1944

G. †Breizosteus Goujet 1980

Fm. †Hagiangellidae Dupret et al. 2011

G. †Hagiangella Janvier 2005

G. †Murrindalaspis Long 1984

†Murrindalaspis bairdi Long 1984

†Murrindalaspis wallacei Long 1984

Fm. †Palaeacanthaspidae Stensio 1944

G. †Arabosteus Olive et al. 2011

G. †Dobrowlania Stensiö 1944

G. †Kimaspis Mark-Kurik 1973

G. †Kolymaspis Bystrow 1956

G. †Kosoraspis Gross 1959

G. †Palaeacanthaspis Brotzen 1934

G. †Radotina Gross 1950

G. †Romundina Orvig 1975

G. †Sudaspis Vaškaninová and Ahlberg 2017

G. †Tlamaspis Vaškaninová and Ahlberg 2017

Fm. †Weejasperaspidae White 1978

G. †Weejasperaspis White 1978

G. †Weejeraspis White 1978

Invalid names: Kolymaspididae Bystrow 1956 [empty], Radotinidae Arambourg 1958 [empty]

Unr. †Antiarchi Cope 1885

Or. †Asterolepidiformes

Fm. †Asterolepididae Traquair 1888

Invalid names: Pterichthyidae [synonym]

Fm. †Lepadolepididae Berg 1955

Fm. †Pambulaspidae Young 1983

Fm. †Remigolepididae Stensio 1931

Invalid names: Asperaspididae Moloshnikov 2012 [empty]

Or. †Bothriolepidiformes

Fm. †Bothriolepididae Cope 1886

Invalid names: Bothriolepidae Cope 1886 [synonym]

Fm. †Dianolepididae Long 1983

Invalid names: Jiangxilepidae Zhang and Liu 1991 [synonym], Wudinolepidae Chang 1965 [synonym]

Fm. †Microbrachiidae Stensiö 1931

Fm. †Tubalepididae Moloshnikov 2011

Fm. †Liujiangolepidae Wang 1987

G. †Liujiangolepis Wang 1987

G. †Macrodontophion Zborzewski 1834

Or. †Macropetalichthyiformes

Fm. †Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898

Invalid names: Heintzaspidae Strand 1942 [synonym]

Fm. †Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991

Fm. †Minicranidae Jia 2008

G. †Minicrania Zhu and Janvier 1996

G. †Phymolepis Zhang 1978

†Phymolepis cuifengshanensis Zhang 1978

†Phymolepis guoruii Zhu 1996

G. †Pterichthyodid

†Pterichthyodid anitarch Turner et al. 1981

Or. †Ptyctodontiformes

Fm. †Ptyctodontidae Woodward 1891

Invalid names: Aulacosteidae Fowler 1947 [synonym]

Fm. †Silurolepidae Zhang et al. 2010

G. †Silurolepis Zhang et al. 2010

Or. †Sinolepiformes

Fm. †Sinolepidae Liu and P'an 1958

G. †Xichonolepis P’an and Wang 1978

†Xichonolepis qujingensis P’an and Wang 1978

Or. †Yunnanolepidiformes Zhang 1978

Fm. †Yunnanolepididae Zhang 1978

Invalid names: Chuchinolepididae [empty]

G. †Zhanjilepis Zhang 1978

†Zhanjilepis aspratilis Zhang 1978

Invalid names: Antiarchi Cope 1885 [synonym]

Unr. †Arthrodira Woodward 1891

Fm. †Acanthaspida Heintz 1921

G. †Euryaspis Bryant 1932

G. †Svalbardaspis Heintz 1929

Or. †Actinolepidiformes

Fm. †Actinolepididae Gross 1940

Fm. †Antarctaspididae White 1968

Fm. †Gavinaspididae Dupret and Zhu 2008

Fm. †Kujdanowiaspididae Berg 1955

Fm. †Phyllolepidae Woodward 1891

Fm. †Wuttagoonaspididae Ritchie 1973

G. †Africanaspis Long et al. 1997

†Africanaspis doryssa Long et al. 1997

†Africanaspis edmountaini Gess and Trinajstic 2017

G. †Antarctolepis White 1968

†Antarctolepis gunni White 1968

G. †Arctonema Orvig 1969

†Arctonema crassum Orvig 1969

G. †Arenipiscis Young 1981

†Arenipiscis westolli Young 1981

G. †Aspidichthys Newberry 1873

†Aspidichthys clavatus Newberry 1873

†Aspidichthys ingens Koenen 1883

†Aspidichthys notabilis Whiteaves 1892

G. †Atlantidosteus Lelievre 1984

G. †Bruntonichthys Dennis and Miles 1980

†Bruntonichthys multidens Dennis and Miles 1980

G. †Bullerichthys Dennis and Miles 1980

†Bullerichthys fascidens Dennis and Miles 1980

G. †Callognathus Newberry 1890

†Callognathus regularis Newberry 1889

†Callognathus serratus Newberry 1889

Or. †Coccosteina Heintz 1932

Invalid names: Euleptaspididae Obruchev 1964 [empty], Gemuendenaspoidea Denison 1978 [empty]

G. †Copanognathus Hussakof and Bryant 1920

†Copanognathus crassus Hussakof and Bryant 1919

G. †Cosmacanthus Agassiz 1845

†Cosmacanthus bullatus Saint John and Worthen 1875

†Cosmacanthus carinatus Davis 1883

†Cosmacanthus malcolmsoni Agassiz 1844

†Cosmacanthus marginalis Davis 1883

†Cosmacanthus priscus Mcoy 1848

†Cosmacanthus stellatus Saint John and Worthen 1875

G. †Cravenaspis Young and Goujet 2003

†Cravenaspis trematosus Young and Goujet 2003

G. †Diplognathus Newberry 1878

†Diplognathus mirabilis Newberry 1878

G. †Erikaspis Dupret et al. 2007

†Erikaspis zychi Dupret et al. 2007

G. †Errolosteus Young 1981

G. †Eskimaspis Dineley and Yuhai 1984

†Eskimaspis heintzi Dineley and Yuhai 1984

Superor. †Euarthrodira

Invalid names: Arctolepidida Obruchev 1964 [empty]

Unr. †Eubrachythoraci Miles 1971

Fm. †Selenosteidae Dean 1901

G. †Glyptaspis Newberry 1890

†Glyptaspis verrucosa Newberry 1889

G. †Grazosteus Gross 1958

†Grazosteus hoernesi Gross 1958

G. †Harrytoombsia MILES and DENNIS 1979

†Harrytoombsia elegans MILES and DENNIS 1979

G. †Heintzosteus Goujet 1984

†Heintzosteus brevis Goujet 1984

G. †Hollardosteus

†Hollardosteus marocanus Lehman 1976

G. †Huaningichthys Wang 1979

Superfm. †Incisoscutoidea Long 1994

Fm. †Plourdosteidae Vézina 1990

Invalid names: Incisoscutidae Denison 1984 [empty]

G. †Kimberleyichthys Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983

Invalid names: Kimberia Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983 [replaced]

G. †Kueichowlepis Pan and Wang 1975

G. †Latocamurus LONG 1988

†Latocamurus coulthardi LONG 1988

G. †Laurentaspis Pageau 1969

†Laurentaspis splendida Pageau 1969

G. †Lurapullaspis Young and Goujet 2003

†Lurapullaspis johannseni Young and Goujet 2003

G. †Machaerognathus Hussakof and Bryant 1919

†Machaerognathus woodwardi Hussakof and Bryant 1919

G. †Mcnamaraspis Long 1995

†Mcnamaraspis kaprios Long 1995

Fm. †Mediaspidae Heintz 1929

G. †Mediaspis Heintz 1929

G. †Murmur Whitley 1951

†Murmur arcuatus Bryant 1935

G. †Operchallosteus Kulczycki 1957

†Operchallosteus vialowi Kulczycki 1957

G. †Overtonaspis White 1961

†Overtonaspis billballi White 1961

Subor. †Pachyosteina Obruchev 1964

Invalid names: Erromenosteidae Obruchev 1964 [empty], Hussakofiidae Obruchev 1964 [empty]

G. †Parawilliamsaspis Liu 1980

Or. †Phlyctaeniiformes

Fm. †Arctaspididae Goujet 1984

Fm. †Arctolepididae Heintz 1937

Subor. †Brachythoraci Gross 1932

Fm. †Gronlandaspididae Obruchev 1964

Fm. †Holonematidae Obruchev 1932

Fm. †Phlyctaeniidae Fowler 1947

Subor. †Phlyctaenioidei

Fm. †Pholidosteidae Gross 1932

G. †Malerosteus Kulczycki 1957

G. †Pholidosteus Jaeckel 1907

G. †Tapinosteus Stensio 1963

Subor. †Phyllolepida Stensiö 1934

Invalid names: Antarctaspina Denison 1975 [empty], Phyllolepina Denison 1975 [empty]

G. †Platyaspis Koenen 1896

†Platyaspis tenuis Koenen 1895

Fm. †Prescottaspidae White 1961

G. †Prescottaspis White 1961

G. †Qataraspis

†Qataraspis deprofundis White 1969

G. †Rolfosteus Dennis and Miles 1979

†Rolfosteus canningensis Dennis and Miles 1979

G. †Squamatognathus Hanke et al. 1996

G. †Taemasosteus White 1952

†Taemasosteus maclartiensis Long 1984

†Taemasosteus novaustrocambricus White 1952

G. †Taunaspis Schmidt 1933

†Taunaspis eurystethes Schmidt 1933

Or. †Temnothoraci

Fm. †Chelonichthyidae

G. †Timanosteus Obrucheva 1962

†Timanosteus tchernychevi Rohon 1900

G. †Toombalepis Young and Goujet 2003

†Toombalepis tuberculata Young and Goujet 2003

G. †Toombsosteus White 1978

†Toombsosteus denisoni White 1978

G. †Tubonasus Dennis and Miles 1979

†Tubonasus lennardensis Dennis and Miles 1979

G. †Tyriolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Wheathillaspis White 1961

†Wheathillaspis wickhamkingi White 1961

G. †Yinosteus Wang and Wang 1984

†Yinosteus major Wang and Wang 1984

Invalid names: Actinolepina Miles 1973 [empty], Arthrodiriformes Grande and Eastman 1986 [synonym], Brachydeirina Denison 1975 [empty], Heterostiina Denison 1975 [empty], Holonematina Denison 1975 [empty], Pachyosteidae Gross 1932 [empty], Phlyctaenina Miles 1973 [empty], Phylctaeniida [empty], Stegophthalami [empty], Wuttagoonaspina Ritchie 1973 [empty]

G. †Asiacanthus Liu 1948

†Asiacanthus kaoi P'am 1964

†Asiacanthus multituberculatus Liu 1948

†Asiacanthus suni P'an 1964

G. †Austroptyctodus Long 1997

†Austroptyctodus gardineri Miles and Young 1977

G. †Bianchengichthys Li et al. 2021

†Bianchengichthys micros Li et al. 2021

Or. †Brindabellaspida Young 1980

Fm. †Brindabellaspidae Gardiner 1993

G. †Brindabellaspis Young 1980

G. †Campbellodus Miles and Young 1977

†Campbellodus decipiens Miles and Young 1977

G. †Changyonophyton Sze 1952

†Changyanophyton hupeiense Sze 1952

†Changyonophyton hupeiense Sze 1952

Or. †Coccostei Jaekel 1911

Invalid names: Coccostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Heterostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Homostei Jaekel 1911 [empty]

G. †Coelosteichthys Whitley 1940

Fm. †Cratoselachiidae Woodward 1932

G. †Cratoselache Woodward 1924

G. †Deinodus Hussakof and Bryant 1919

†Deinodus bennetti Hussakof and Bryant 1919

G. †Entelognathus Zhu et al. 2013

†Entelognathus primordialis Zhu et al. 2013

G. †Hybosteus Gross 1933

†Hybosteus mirabilis Gross 1930

G. †Neopetalichthys Liu 1973

†Neopetalichthys yenmenpaensis Liu 1973

G. †Nessariostoma Broili 1933

†Nessariostoma granulosum Broili 1933

Invalid names: Nessariostoma Broili 1933 [objective synonym]

G. †Oestophorus Miller 1892

†Oestophorus lilleyi Newberry 1889

Invalid names: Sphenophorus Newberry 1889 [replaced]

Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911

G. †Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

†Diandongpetalichthys liaojiaoshanensis P’an and Wang 1978

G. †Eurycaraspis Liu 1991

†Eurycaraspis incilis Liu 1991

G. †Litilpetalichthyes

G. †Shearsbyaspis Young 1984

†Shearsbyaspis oepiki Young 1984

G. †Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

†Xinanpetalichthys shendaowanensis P’an and Wang 1978

Invalid names: Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid], Eurycaraspis Liu 1991 [valid], Litilpetalichthyes [valid], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Shearsbyaspis Young 1984 [valid], Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid]

Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911

G. †Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

†Diandongpetalichthys liaojiaoshanensis P’an and Wang 1978

G. †Eurycaraspis Liu 1991

†Eurycaraspis incilis Liu 1991

G. †Litilpetalichthyes

G. †Shearsbyaspis Young 1984

†Shearsbyaspis oepiki Young 1984

G. †Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

†Xinanpetalichthys shendaowanensis P’an and Wang 1978

Or. †Pseudopetalichthyiformes

Fm. †Paraplesiobatidae Berg 1940

G. †Paraplesiobatis Broili 1933

G. †Pseudopetalichthys Moy-Thomas 1939

Invalid names: Nessariostomidae Gregory 1973 [synonym]

Or. †Ptychostei Jaekel 1911

Invalid names: Phlyctaenaspi Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Or. †Ptyctodontida Gross 1932

G. †Denisonodus Johnson and Elliott 1996

†Denisonodus plutonensis Johnson and Elliott 1996

G. †Rhamphodopsis Watson 1938

†Rhamphodopsis threiplandi Watson 1934

†Rhamphodopsis trispinatus Watson 1938

G. †Tollodus Mark-Kurik 1977

Or. †Rhenanida Broili 1930

Fm. †Asterosteidae Woodward 1891

G. †Asterosteus Newberry 1875

G. †Gemuendina Traquair 1903

G. †Jagorina Jaekel 1921

G. †Ohioaspis Wells 1944

Invalid names: Gemuendinidae Traquair 1903 [synonym], Jagorinidae Woodward 1932 [synonym]

G. †Bolivosteus Goujet et al. 1986

G. †Sedowichthys Bystrow 1957

†Sedowichthys terraboreae Bystrow 1957

Or. †Stensioelliformes Romer 1945

Fm. †Stensioellidae Berg 1940

G. †Stensioella Broili 1933

G. †Tollichthys Bystrow 1957

†Tollichthys polaris Bystrow 1957

G. †Wangolepis Pan 1986

G. †Yunnanacanthus Liu 1973

†Yunnanacanthus cuifengshanensis Liu 1973

Invalid names: Acanthothoraciformes [empty], Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pseudopetalichthyida Denison 1975 [empty], Rhenaniformes [empty]

G. †Plectrodus Agassiz in Murchison 1839

†Plectrodus mirabilis Agassiz 1839

G. †Qilinyu Zhu et al. 2016

†Qilinyu rostrata Zhu et al. 2016

G. †Ramirosuarezia Pradel et al. 2009

†Ramirosuarezia boliviana Pradel et al. 2009

G. †Xiushanosteus Zhu et al. 2022

†Xiushanosteus mirabilis Zhu et al. 2022

Invalid names: Chondrichthiomorphi [empty], Ichthyes Gadow 1898 [empty], Placodermiomorphi [empty]

G. †Hoplichnus Hitchcock 1848

†Hoplichnus equus Hitchcock 1858

†Hoplichnus quadrupedans Hitchcock 1848

Invalid names: Hoplichnus poledrus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]

G. Hypichthyes Huxley 1880

G. †Lepidotosaurus Hancock and Howse 1870

†Lepidotosaurus duffi Hancock and Howse 1870

Supercl. †Osteostracomorphi

Cl. †Cephalaspidomorphi Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971

Or. †Atelaspidiformes Tarlo 1967

G. †Ateleaspis Traquair 1899

Invalid names: Cephalaspidida Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971 [empty], Galeaspidiformes [empty], Monorhina [synonym]

Cl. †Galeaspidomorphi van der Laan 2019

Or. †Eugaleaspidiformes Liu 1980

G. †Anjiaspis Gai and Zhu 2005

†Anjiaspis ericius Shan et al. 2022

†Anjiaspis reticularis Gai and Zhu 2005

Fm. †Eugaleaspididae Liu 1980

G. †Dunyu Zhu et al. 2012

G. †Eugaleaspis Liu 1980

G. †Nochelaspis Zhu 1992

G. †Pterogonaspis Zhu 1992

G. †Tridensaspis Liu 1986

G. †Yunnanogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980

G. †Meishanaspis Wang 1991

†Meishanaspis lehmani Wang 1991

G. †Shuyu Gai et al. 2011

†Shuyu zhejiangensis Gai et al. 2011

Invalid names: Sinogaleaspis zhejiangensis Pan 1986 [replaced]

Fm. †Shuyuidae Shan 2020

G. †Jiangxialepis Liu et al. 2021

G. †Qingshuiaspis Shan et al. 2022

G. †Rumporostralis Shan et al. 2020

G. †Sinogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980

†Sinogaleaspis shankouensis Pan and Wang 1980

†Sinogaleaspis xikengensis Pan and Wang 1980

Fm. †Tridensaspidae Liu 1986

G. †Falxcornus Meng and Gai 2022

Fm. †Tujiaaspidae Chen et al. 2024

G. †Miaojiaaspis Chen et al. 2024

G. †Tujiaaspis Gai et al. 2022

G. †Xitunaspis Sun et al. 2022

†Xitunaspis magnus Sun et al. 2022

Fm. †Yongdongaspididae Chen et al. 2022

G. †Yongdongaspis Chen et al. 2022

Invalid names: Sinogaleaspididae Pan and Wang 1980 [empty]

Or. †Hanyangaspidiformes

Fm. †Dayongaspididae Pan and Zeng 1985

G. †Dayongaspis Pan and Zeng 1985

G. †Platycaraspis Wang et al. 2002

Fm. †Hanyangaspididae Pan and Liu 1975

G. †Hanyangaspis Pan and Liu 1975

G. †Hongshanaspis Liu et al. 2021

G. †Kalpinolepis Wang et al. 1996

G. †Konoceraspis Pan 1992

G. †Nanjiangaspis Wang et al. 2002

Fm. †Xiushuiaspididae Pan and Wang 1983

G. †Changxingaspis Wang 1991

G. †Xiushuiaspis Pan and Wang 1983

G. †Xiyuichthys Shan et al. 2023

Invalid names: Xiyuaspis Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]

Fm. †Hyperaspididae Pan 1992

G. †Hyperaspis Pan 1992

†Hyperaspis acclivis Pan 1992

Superor. †Polybranchiaspidida Zhu and Gai 2007

Fm. †Geraspididae Pan and Chen 1993

G. †Geraspis Pan and Chen 1993

G. †Kwangnanaspis Cao 1979

Or. †Huananaspidiformes Janvier 1975

Fm. †Gantarostrataspidae Wang and Wang 1992

Fm. †Huananaspidae Liu 1973

Fm. †Nanpanaspididae Liu 1975

Fm. †Sanchaspididae Pan and Wang 1981

Fm. †Sanqiaspidae Liu 1975

Or. †Pituriaspidiformes

Cl. †Pituriaspididae Davis 1994

Invalid names: Neeyambaspididae Davis 1994 [synonym]

Or. †Polybranchiaspidiformes Liu 1965

Fm. †Duyunolepididae Pan and Wang 1978

Fm. †Gumuaspidae Gai et al. 2018

Fm. †Pentathyraspididae Pan 1992

Fm. †Polybranchiaspididae Liu 1965

Or. †Zhaotongaspidiformes

Fm. †Zhaotongaspididae Wang and Zhu 1994

Fm. †Halecopsidae Casier 1946

G. †Halecopsis Woodward 1901

Cl. †Osteostraci Lankaster 1868

Or. †Benneviaspidida Janvier 1996

Superfm. †Boreaspidoidei Stensio 1958

G. †Severaspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995

G. †Ectinaspis Wängsjö 1952

†Ectinaspis heintzi Wängsjö 1952

G. †Hapilaspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995

†Hapilaspis apheles Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995

G. †Securiaspis Stensio 1932

†Securiaspis caledonica White 1963

†Securiaspis kingi Stensio 1932

†Securiaspis kitchini Stensio 1932

†Securiaspis waterstoni White 1963

Or. †Benneviaspidiformes Afanassieva 1991

Fm. †Benneviaspididae Denison 1951

G. †Benneviaspis Stensiö 1927

Fm. †Boreaspididae Stensio 1958

G. †Belonaspis Janvier 1985

G. †Boreaspis Stensio 1927

G. †Dicranaspis Janvier 1985

G. †Hoelaspis Stensio 1927

G. †Spatulaspis Janvier 1985

G. †Tauraspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995

Fm. †Mimetaspididae Stensiö 1958

G. †Mimetaspis Stensio 1958

Fm. †Pattenaspididae Stensiö 1958

G. †Pattenaspis Stensio 1958

G. †Camptaspis Branson and Mehl 1931

†Camptaspis utahensis Branson and Mehl 1931

Or. †Cephalaspidiformes Berg 1937

G. †Aachenaspis Egerton 1857

Subor. †Ateleaspidoidei

Fm. †Ateleaspididae Traquair 1899

Fm. †Kalanaspididae Tinn and Märss 2018

Subor. †Cephalaspidoidei

Fm. †Cephalaspididae Agassiz 1844

Invalid names: Cephalaspidae Huxley 1861 [synonym]

Fm. †Parameteoraspididae Sansom 2009

Fm. †Superciliaspididae Scott and Wilson 2015

G. †Fieldingaspis

G. †Meelaidaspis Märss et al. 2014

†Meelaidaspis gennadii Märss et al. 2014

G. †Ohesaareaspis Märss et al. 2014

†Ohesaareaspis ponticulata Märss et al. 2014

Subor. †Scolenaspidoidei Afanassieva 1991

Fm. †Scolenaspididae Afanassieva 1991

Fm. †Zenaspididae Stensio 1958

G. †Tuvaspis Obruchev 1956

†Tuvaspis margaritae Obruchev 1956

Subcl. †Cornuata Janvier 1985

G. †Hildenaspis Janvier 1976

†Hildenaspis digitalis Janvier 1976

Invalid names: Cephalaspidiens Janvier 1985 [empty]

Or. †Thyestiformes

Fm. †Kiaeraspididae Stensio 1932

Subfm. †Acrotomaspidinae Janvier 1981

G. †Axinaspis Wängsjö 1952

G. †Kiaeraspis Stensio 1927

G. †Nectaspis Wängsjö 1952

G. †Norselaspis Janvier 1981

Fm. †Procephalaspididae Stensiö 1958

G. †Procephalaspis Denison 1951

Fm. †Thyestidae Rohon 1892

G. †Thyestes Eichwald 1854

Fm. †Tremataspididae Schmidt 1866

G. †Aestiaspis Janvier and Lelievre 1994

G. †Dartmuthia Patten 1931

G. †Dobraspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1997

G. †Sclerodus Agassiz 1839

G. †Tannuaspis Obruchev 1956

G. †Timanaspis Kossovoi and Obruchev 1962

Subfm. †Tremataspidinae Woodward 1891

G. †Tremataspis Schmidt 1866

Invalid names: Aestiaspidinae Afanassieva 1996 [invalid subgroup]

Fm. †Witaaspididae Afanassieva 1991

G. †Witaaspis Robertson 1939

Or. †Thyestiida Janvier 1996

G. †Auchenaspis Egerton 1857

†Auchenaspis egertoni Lankester 1870

†Auchenaspis salteri Egerton 1857

G. †Ilemoraspis Obruchev 1961

†Ilemoraspis kirkinskayae Obruchev 1961

Superfm. †Kiaeraspidoidea Afanassieva 1991

G. †Didymaspis Lankester 1867

Superfm. †Tremataspidoidea Afanassieva 1991

G. †Saaremaaspis Robertson 1938

G. †Tyriaspis Heintz 1967

Or. †Tremataspidida Obruchev 1964

Invalid names: Tannuaspididae Obruchev 1964 [empty]

Or. †Tremataspidiformes Berg 1937

G. †Tahulaspis Märss et al. 2014

†Tahulaspis ordinata Märss et al. 2014

†Tahulaspis praevia Märss et al. 2014

G. †Waengsjoeaspis Janvier 1985

†Waengsjoeaspis excellens Janvier 1985

†Waengsjoeaspis nahanniensis Adrian and Wilson 1994

†Waengsjoeaspis platycornis Scott and Wilson 2012

G. †Yvonaspis Belles-Isles 1989

†Yvonaspis campbelltonensis Belles-Isles 1989

Or. †Zenaspidida Stensio 1958

G. †Spangenhelmaspis Sansom 2009

†Spangenhelmaspis quadrata Wangsjo 1952

†Spangenhelmaspis staxrudi Stensio 1927

G. †Wladysagitta Voichyshyn 2006

†Wladysagitta janvieri Voichyshyn 2006

Invalid names: Cephalaspis acutirostrus Stensio 1932 [objective synonym]

Invalid names: Ateleaspidiformes Tarlo 1967 [empty]

Subph. Pachycardia Haeckel 1866

Invalid names: Monorrhina Haeckel 1866 [empty]

G. †Palaeoxyris Brongniart 1828

†Palaeoxyris alternus Fischer et al. 2011

†Palaeoxyris regularis Brogniart 1828

Invalid names: Sporlederia Stiehler 1860 [nomen nudum]

Supercl. †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich 1909 [jawless fish]

G. †Coscinodus

G. †Dipnoides

Or. †Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Apalolepidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Apalolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Gampsolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

Fm. †Barlowodidae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Barlowodus Märss et al. 2002

G. †Sophialepis Märss et al. 2002

G. †Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998

†Cometicercus talimaaae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Drepanolepididae Wilson and Marss 2009

G. †Drepanolepis Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Furcacaudidae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Furcacauda Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Lanarkiidae Obruchev 1949

G. †Lanarkia Traquair 1898

G. †Phillipsilepis Märss et al. 2002

Fm. †Nikoliviidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Chattertonodus Märss et al. 2002

G. †Nikolivia Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

Fm. †Pezopallichthyidae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Pezopallichthys Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Sphenonectris

†Sphenonectris turnerae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Invalid names: Apalolepidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978 [valid], Barlowodidae Märss et al. 2002 [valid], Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Drepanolepididae Wilson and Marss 2009 [valid], Furcacaudidae Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Lanarkiidae Obruchev 1949 [valid], Nikoliviidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978 [valid], Pezopallichthyidae Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Pezopallichthys Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Sphenonectris [valid]

G. †Gompholepis

G. †Gyropeltus

G. †Palaeosteus

Cl. †Pteraspidomorpha

Subcl. †Arandaspida Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

Fm. †Arandaspididae Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

G. †Arandaspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

G. †Porophoraspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

G. †Sacabambaspis

Or. †Arandaspidiformes Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

Invalid names: Porophoraspidae Halstead 1993 [empty]

Fm. †Aseraspididae Halstead 1993

G. †Aseraspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976

Subcl. †Astraspida Berg 1940

Or. †Astrapidiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Astraspididae Eastman 1917

Or. †Astraspidiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Eriptychiidae Tarlo 1962

G. †Eriptychius Walcott 1892

Fm. †Oniscolepididae Marss and Karatajue-Talimaa 2009

Fm. †Tesakoviaspididae Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2004

Subcl. †Heterostraci Lankester 1868

Or. †Amphiaspidiformes Novitskaya 2008

G. †Putoranaspis Obruchev 1964

G. †Aporemaspis Elliot and Loeffler 1989

†Aporemaspis pholidata Elliot and Loeffler 1989

Fm. †Ariaspididae Elliott and Swift 2010

G. †Ariaspis Denison 1963

G. †Aserotaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976

†Aserotaspis canadensis Dineley and Loeffler 1976

Fm. †Cardipeltidae Bryant 1933

G. †Cardipeltis Branson and Mehl 1931

Or. †Corvaspidiformes Stensiö 1964

Fm. †Corvaspididae Dineley 1953

Subor. †Cyathaspida Kiaer 1932

Unr. †Cyathaspidei Kiaer 1932

G. †Homalaspidella Strand 1934

Unr. †Poraspidei Kiaer 1932

Or. †Cyathaspidiformes Kaier 1930

Subor. †Amphiaspidoidei

Fm. †Cyathaspididae Kiaer 1932

Subor. †Cyathaspidoidei

Subor. †Hibernaspidoidei

Subor. †Siberiaspidoidei

Fm. †Guerichosteidae Halstead Tarlo 1964

G. †Guerichosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964

G. †Hariosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964

Or. †Lepidaspidiformes Halstead 1993

Fm. †Lepidaspididae Halstead 1993

G. †Munchoaspis Tarrant 1991

†Munchoaspis denisoni Tarrant 1991

G. †Psammolepis Agassiz 1843

†Psammolepis abavica Mark-Kurik 1965

†Psammolepis aerata Obruchev 1965

†Psammolepis alata Obruchev 1965

†Psammolepis groenlandica Halstead Tarlo 1964

†Psammolepis paradoxa Agassiz 1845

†Psammolepis toriensis Mark-Kurik 1965

†Psammolepis venyukovi Obruchev 1965

Or. †Psammosteiformes Berg 1937

Fm. †Pycnosteidae Tarlo 1962

Or. †Pteraspidiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Anchipteraspididae Elliott 1984

G. †Dnestraspis Novitskaya 1983

Fm. †Protaspidae Bryant 1933

Fm. †Protopteraspididae Novitskaya 1983

Subor. †Psammosteoidei

Fm. †Pteraspididae Claypole 1885

Subor. †Pteraspidoidei Janvier 1996

Invalid names: Podolaspinae Zych 1931 [empty]

G. †Rimasventeraspis Tarrant 1991

†Rimasventeraspis angusta Tarrant 1991

†Rimasventeraspis septentrionalis Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022

G. †Strosipherus Pander 1856

Or. †Tesseraspidiformes

Fm. †Natlaspididae Halstead 1993

Fm. †Tesseraspididae Berg 1955

Or. †Tolypelepidiformes

Fm. †Tolypelepididae Strand 1934

G. †Toombsaspis Tarrant 1991

†Toombsaspis pococki Tarrant 1991

†Toombsaspis sabrinae Tarrant 1991

Or. †Traquairaspidiformes Stensio 1958

G. †Phialaspis Wills 1935

Fm. †Weigeltaspidae Berg 1940

Invalid names: Phialaspididae White 1946 [empty]

Invalid names: Cardipeltida [empty], Cardipeltiformes Bryant 1933 [empty], Ceraspidae [empty], Corvaspidida [empty], Drepanaspidae [empty], Lepidaspidida [empty], Olbiaspidida Obruchev 1964 [empty], Palaeaspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidomorphes [synonym], Tesseraspidida [empty], Tolypelepidida [empty], Traquairaspidida Stensio 1958 [empty]

Invalid names: Diplorhina [synonym]

G. †Rabdacanthus

G. †Sigurdia

G. †Tylodus

Invalid names: Pteraspidida Kaier 1932 [empty]

Supercl. †Thelodontomorphi Jackel 1911

Cl. †Thelodonti Jaekel 1911

Or. †Archipelepidiformes

Fm. †Boothialepididae Marss 1999

G. †Boothialepis Marss 1999

G. †Boreania Karatajute-Talimaa 1985

†Boreania minima Karatajute-Talimaa 1985

G. †Canonia Vieth 1980

†Canonia costulata Märss et al. 2002

†Canonia grossi Vieth 1980

†Canonia kaerberi Marss et al. 2007

Or. †Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Apalolepidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Apalolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Gampsolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

Fm. †Barlowodidae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Barlowodus Märss et al. 2002

G. †Sophialepis Märss et al. 2002

G. †Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998

†Cometicercus talimaaae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Drepanolepididae Wilson and Marss 2009

G. †Drepanolepis Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Furcacaudidae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Furcacauda Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Lanarkiidae Obruchev 1949

G. †Lanarkia Traquair 1898

G. †Phillipsilepis Märss et al. 2002

Fm. †Nikoliviidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Chattertonodus Märss et al. 2002

G. †Nikolivia Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

Fm. †Pezopallichthyidae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Pezopallichthys Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Sphenonectris

†Sphenonectris turnerae Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Helenolepididae Wilson and Marss 2009

G. †Helenolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Helenolepis multicostata Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Helenolepis navicularis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Helenolepis obruchevi Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

Or. †Loganelliiformes

Fm. †Loganelliidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

G. †Illoganellia Märss et al. 2002

G. †Loganellia Fredholm 1990

Invalid names: Logania Gross 1967 [replaced]

G. †Paralogania Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Talimaalepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Valyalepis Turner and Nowlan 1995

Invalid names: Loganiidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978 [replaced]

Fm. †Nunavutiidae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Nunavutia Märss et al. 2002

Fm. †Longodidae Märss 2006

G. †Longodus Märss 2006

†Longodus acicularis Märss 2006

Fm. †Oeseliidae Marss 2005

G. †Oeselia Marss 2005

G. †Parathelodus Wang 1997

Or. †Phlebolepidiformes Berg 1937

Fm. †Katoporididae Karartajüté-Talimaa 1970

G. †Goniporus Gross 1967

G. †Niurolepis Hairapetian and Blom 2010

G. †Overia Soehn et al. 2001

G. †Trimerolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1967

G. †Zuegelepis Turner et al. 1999

Fm. †Katoporodidae Soehn et al. 2001

G. †Katoporus Gross 1967

Invalid names: Katoporidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1970 [replaced]

Fm. †Phlebolepididae Berg 1940

G. †Erepsilepis Märss et al. 2002

G. †Phlebolepis Pander 1856

Or. †Sandiviiformes

Fm. †Angaralepididae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

G. †Angaralepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

Fm. †Sandiviidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

G. †Sandivia Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

Fm. †Stroinolepididae Marss and Karatajute-Talimaa 2004

G. †Stroinolepis Marss and Karatajute-Talimaa 2002

Or. †Shieliiformes

Fm. †Shieliidae Maerss et al.

G. †Nethertonodus Märss and Miller 2004

G. †Shielia Märss and Ritchie 1998

Or. †Thelodontiformes Kiaer 1932

Fm. †Archipelepididae Soehn et al. 2001

G. †Archipelepis Soehn et al. 2001

G. †Australolepis

†Australolepis seddoni Turner and Dring 1981

Fm. †Eestilepididae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Eestilepis Märss et al. 2002

G. †Kawalepsis

Fm. †Talivaliidae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Amaltheolepis Ørvig 1969

G. †Talivalia Märss et al. 2002

Fm. †Thelodontidae Jordan 1905

G. †Coelolepis

G. †Dasylepis Pander 1856

G. †Dictyolepis Pander 1856

G. †Gomphodus Pander 1856

G. †Melittomalepis Pander 1856

G. †Pachylepis Pander 1856

G. †Prionacanthus Pander 1856

G. †Schediosteus Pander 1856

G. †Spirodus Kade 1858

G. †Thelolepis Pander 1856

Invalid names: Coelolepidiformes Berg 1937 [synonym], Thelodontida [synonym]

G. †Valiukia Karatajute-Talimaa and Marss 2002

†Valiukia flabellata Marss and Karatajute-Talimaa 2002

Invalid names: Archipelepidiformes [valid], Boreania Karatajute-Talimaa 1985 [valid], Canonia Vieth 1980 [valid], Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Helenolepididae Wilson and Marss 2009 [valid], Katoporida Karartajüté-Talimaa 1970 [empty], Katoporida Karartajüté-Talimaa 1970 [empty], Loganelliiformes [valid], Longodidae Märss 2006 [valid], Oeseliidae Marss 2005 [valid], Parathelodus Wang 1997 [valid], Phlebolepidiformes Berg 1937 [valid], Sandiviiformes [valid], Shieliiformes [valid], Thelodontiformes Kiaer 1932 [valid], Valiukia Karatajute-Talimaa and Marss 2002 [valid]

G. †Toxichnus Hitchcock 1865

†Toxichnus inaequalis Hitchcock 1865

G. †Zamponiopteron Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron falciformis Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron spinifera Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron triangularis Janvier and Riglos 1986

Invalid names: Acrania Haeckel [empty], Cephalaspidomorpha [empty], Craniata Linnaeus 1758 [objective synonym], Eotetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Herpetichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Mannodon Ameghino 1893 [nomen vanum], Myzichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Ophis Goldfuss 1831 [nomen nudum], Ostracophori [empty], Petromyzontomorphi [empty], Pituriaspida Young 1991 [empty], Protetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Saurornia Seeley 1866 [empty], Thoracophis Troschel 1854 [nomen nudum], Tidaeus Ameghino 1890 [nomen vanum]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

No ecological data are available

Age range: base of the Pridoli to the top of the Kungurian or 422.70000 to 274.40000 Ma

Collections (2 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	China (Xinjiang)	Sciadophyton pristinum (10931)
Sakmarian - Kungurian	293.52 - 274.4	USA (Kansas)	Eukaryota indet. (32659)