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Xenacanthiformes
Taxonomy
Xenacanthiformes was named by Berg (1955). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Elasmobranchii by Cappetta (1987), Murry (1989) and Heckert (2004); to Xenacanthimorpha by Ginter et al. (2010) and Long (2011); and to Xenacanthimorpha by Nelson et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Elasmobranchii by Cappetta (1987), Murry (1989) and Heckert (2004); to Xenacanthimorpha by Ginter et al. (2010) and Long (2011); and to Xenacanthimorpha by Nelson et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1955 | Xenacanthiformes Berg |
| 1987 | Xenacanthiformes Cappetta p. 27 |
| 1989 | Xenacanthiformes Murry p. 250 |
| 2004 | Xenacanthiformes Heckert p. 72 |
| 2010 | Xenacanthiformes Ginter et al. p. 43 |
| 2011 | Xenacanthiformes Long p. 242 |
| 2016 | Xenacanthiformes Nelson et al. p. 47 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Xenacanthiformes Berg 1955
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Fm. †Diplodoselachidae Dick 1981
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G. †Dicentrodus Traquair 1888
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†Dicentrodus belemnoides Zidek 1978
†Dicentrodus bicuspidatus Traquair 1881
G. †Diplodoselache Dick 1981
G. †Hagenoselache Hampe and Heidtke 1997
G. †Lebachacanthus Soler-Gijon 1997
Fm. †Xenacanthidae Fritsch 1889
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G. †Aganodus Owen 1867
G. †Fayolia Renault and Zeiller 1884
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†Fayolia dentata Renault and Zeiller 1884
†Fayolia sharovi Fischer et al. 2011
†Fayolia sterzeliana Weiss 1887
G. †Lophacanthus Stock 1880
G. †Mooreodontus Hampe and Schneider 2010
G. †Ochlodus Owen 1867
G. †Phricacanthus Davis 1879
G. †Pleuracanthus Agassiz 1837
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†Pleuracanthus arcuatus Newberry 1856
†Pleuracanthus biserialis Newberry 1856
†Pleuracanthus cylindricus Agassiz 1843
†Pleuracanthus decheni Goldfuss 1847
†Pleuracanthus dilatatus Newberry 1856
†Pleuracanthus laevissimus Agassiz 1837
†Pleuracanthus quadriseriatus Cope 1877
†Pleuracanthus robustus Davis 1880
G. †Plicatodus Hampe 1995
G. †Pternodus Owen 1867
G. †Wurdigneria Richter 2005
Fm. †Xenosynechodontidae Gluckman 1980
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023 | |||||
Age range: base of the Westphalian B to the top of the Norian or 316.90000 to 208.50000 Ma
Collections (96 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bashkirian | United Kingdom (England) | Orthacanthus cylindricus, Pleuracanthus laevissimus (132670) | |
| Bashkirian | USA (Arizona) | Triodus elpia (131603) | |
| Pennsylvanian | United Kingdom | Pleuracanthus robustus, Pleuracanthus laevissimus (137307) | |
| Westphalian A - Westphalian B | USA (Arizona) | Xenacanthidae indet. (92271) | |
| Westphalian B | France | Fayolia sterzeli (155645) | |
| Moscovian | United Kingdom | Pleuracanthus cylindricus (137311 137312) Pleuracanthus cylindricus, Pleuracanthus laevissimus (137304 137310) Pleuracanthus laevissimus (137305 137306 137309) Pleuracanthus robustus, Pleuracanthus laevissimus (137308) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Oklahoma) | Xenacanthus sp. (223893) | |
| Kasimovian | USA (Illinois) | Xenacanthus ossiani, Xenacanthiformes indet., Triodus sp., Dicentrodus alatus (224241) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian | USA (Oklahoma) | Anodontacanthus belemnoides (216409) | |
| Gzhelian - Sakmarian | USA (New Mexico) | Xenacanthus sp. (180989) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Liberec) | Triodus sp. (232997) | |
| Asselian | USA (Texas) | Anodontacanthus americanus (132657 132661) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic | Xenacanthus sp. (218107) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Krkonose) | Xenacanthiformes indet. (232614) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | Czech Republic | Xenacanthus sp. (51265) | |
| Wolfcampian - Sakmarian | USA (Utah) | Xenacanthus texensis (13256) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Xenacanthus sp. (180106 180383 180384 180940 180974) | |
| Cisuralian | Norway (Akhershus) | Pleuracanthus sp. (125173) | |
| Cisuralian | Germany | Pleuracanthus decheni (137252) | |
| Cisuralian | Czech Republic (Hradec Králové) | Xenacanthus decheni (123380) | |
| Permian | USA (Oklahoma) | Platyacanthus avirostratus (216410) Platyacanthus avirostratus, Anodontacanthus belemnoides (221391) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Xenacanthus luederensis (220872) Xenacanthus sp. (79402) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Anodontacanthus americanus (132662 132663 132665) Xenacanthus sp. (22714) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Xenacanthus platypternus (85301) Xenacanthus texensis, Xenacanthus platypternus (85299 85300) | |
| Artinskian - Roadian | USA (Texas) | Pleuracanthus indet. (180992) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Oklahoma) | Pleuracanthus gracilis (87054) Xenacanthus sp. (79815 84941 85567 180990 180991) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Texas) | Xenacanthus platypternus (177018) | |
| Kungurian | Brazil (Maranhao) | Xenacanthidae indet. (192146) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Oklahoma) | Xenacanthus sp. (67945) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Xenacanthus platypternus (67735 85556) Xenacanthus sp. (12976 27704 85551 85552 85553 85554 85555 177000 177003 177015) | |
| Kungurian - Roadian | USA (Texas) | Xenacanthus sp. (79694) | |
| Kazanian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Xenacanthus sp. (232544) | |
| Roadian - Wordian | USA (Oklahoma) | Xenacanthus sp. (27480 27573) | |
| Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Xenosynechodus egloni (196109) | |
| Wordian | Russian Federation | Xenosynechodus sp. (197593 197594 197595) | |
| Tatarian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Xenosynechodus egloni (196110) Xenosynechodus sp. (196160 196164) Xenosynechodus sp., Xenosynechodus egloni (196107) | |
| Early/Lower Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Xenosynechodus egloni (233365) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Xenosynechodus egloni (233371) Xenosynechodus sp. (233375) | |
| Anisian | Australia (New South Wales) | Xenacanthidae indet. (136481) | |
| Pelsonian - Illyrian | Australia (New South Wales) | Pleuracanthus sp. (111729) | |
| Pelsonian - Illyrian | Austria | Lepacanthus gracilis (186975) | |
| Fassanian | Poland | Pleuracanthus sp. (149685) | |
| Carnian | USA (Texas) | Xenacanthus moorei (84271) | |
| Carnian - Norian | India (Telangana) | Xenacanthus indicus (101863) | |
| Norian | USA (Texas) | Xenacanthus moorei (48424 84269) Xenacanthus sp., Xenacanthus moorei (13266) | |
| Norian | USA (Arizona) | Xenacanthus moorei (39160 39219 84264 92850) Xenacanthus moorei, Xenacanthus moorei (48547) | |
| Norian | USA (New Mexico) | Xenacanthus sp. (55248) | |
| Lacian - Sevatian | USA (New Mexico) | Xenacanthus moorei (62311) |