PBDB Taxon

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Deuterostomia

Taxonomy

Deuterostomia was named by Grobben (1908). It is extant.

It was assigned to Eucoelomata by Zrzavy et al. (1998); to Nephrozoa by Peterson et al. (2005), Edgecombe et al. (2011); and to Eubilateria by Nielsen (2012).

Subtaxa

Ambulacraria, Chordata, Saccorhytida, Vetulicolia, Xenacoelomorpha

Sister taxa

Ambulacraria, Saccorhytida, Xenacoelomorpha

Synonyms

Neorenalia is an unranked clade.

It was synonymized subjectively with Deuterostomia by Zrzavy et al. (1998).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1908	Deuterostomia Grobben p. 497
1998	Deuterostomia Zrzavy et al.
2005	Deuterostomia Peterson et al. p. 38
2011	Deuterostomia Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1
2012	Deuterostomia Nielsen p. 311

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987

Rank	Name	Author
—	Deuterostomia
—	Deuterostomia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Deuterostomia Grobben 1908

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Unr. †Ambulacraria

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Unr. †Cambroernids Caron et al. 2010

G. †Cheungkongella Shu et al. 2001

†Cheungkongella ancestralis Shu et al. 2001

Fm. †Eldoniidae Walcott 1911

G. †Eldonia Walcott 1911

†Eldonia berbera Alessandrello and Bracchi 2003

†Eldonia ludwigi Walcott 1911

Invalid names: Stellostomites Sun and Hou 1987 [synonym]

G. †Paropsonema

†Paropsonema cryptophya Clark 1900

G. †Rotadiscus Sun and Hou 1987

†Rotadiscus grandis Sun and Hou 1987

†Rotadiscus guizhouensis Zhao and Zhu 1994

Invalid names: Brzechowia Dzik 1991 [synonym]

G. †Herpetogaster Caron et al. 2010

†Herpetogaster collinsi Caron et al. 2010

Ph. Echinodermata Klein 1754

G. †Argonevis Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Argonevis nuda Kozur and Mostler 1972

G. †Aspidocrinites Kozur and Mostler 1992

†Aspidocrinites scutulaformis Kozur and Mostler 1992

Subph. †Blastozoa Sprinkle 1973

Superfm. †Asteroblastida Bather 1900

Fm. †Asteroblastidae Bather 1900

Fm. †Mesocystidae Bather 1899

Cl. †Blastoidea Say 1825 [blastoid]

Unr. †Coronoidea Brett et al. 1983

G. †Dissimiloblastus Bohatý et al. 2024

Or. †Fissiculata Jaekel 1918

G. †Freisoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024

Or. †Granatocrinida Bather 1900

G. †Lotusoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024

G. †Lysocystites

G. †Macurdablastus Broadhead 1984

Superor. †Spiraculata Jaekel 1918

G. †Zygocrinus Bronn 1848

Invalid names: Eublastoidea Bather 1899 [empty]

Cl. Crinoidea Miller 1821 [Sea lily]

Subcl. †Aethocrinea Ausich 1998

Or. †Angulata Stukalina 1967

Fm. †Asperocrinidae Stukalina 1975

G. †Aspidocrinus Hall 1858

G. †Balearocrinus Bourrouilh and Termier 1974

G. †Baryschyr Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Bornium de Gregorio 1930

Subcl. †Camerata Wachsmuth and Springer 1885

G. †Communicrinus

G. †Crisantum de Gregorio 1930

G. †Cyclocaudex Moore and Jeffords 1968

Fm. †Cyclocharacidae Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Cyclocrista Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Cyclocyclicus Yeltysheva 1955

G. †Cycloscapus Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Dazhucrinus Mu and Wu 1974

Subcl. †Dicyclica

G. †Dronovicrinus Stukalina 1997

G. †Dulanocrinus Stukalina and Tuyutyan 1970

G. †Dwortsowaecrinus Stukalina 1967

G. †Entrochus Hofer 1760

Fm. †Exaesiodiscidae Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Flexicrinus Stukalina and Tuyutyan 1970

Fm. †Floricyclidae Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Floripila Moore and Jeffords 1968

Fm. †Flucticharacidae Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Flucticharax Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Gemmacrinus Prokop and Petr 1989

G. †Glyphidocrinus Dubatolova 1971

Subcl. †Hemistreptocrinoidea Arendt 1976

G. †Heterostelechus Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Kojvicrinus Vanin 1980

Fm. †Kstutocrinidae Schewtschenko 1966

G. †Lamprosterigma Moore and Jeffords 1968

Fm. †Leptocarphiidae Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Lichenocrinus Hall 1866

G. †Malovicrinus Stukalina 1968

G. †Mastocrinus Wanner 1956

G. †Mooreanteris Moore 1968

G. †Moscovicrinus Jaekel 1918

G. †Multifidocrinus

G. †Nollenbachblastus Hauser 2015

G. †Ordinacrinus

G. †Pandocrinus Stukalina 1965

Subcl. Pentacrinoidea Jaekel 1918

G. †Pentagonocyclicus Yeltysheva and Shevchenko 1960

G. †Pentagonopterix

G. †Pentaridica Moore and Jeffords 1968

G. †Phialocrinus Eichwald 1856

G. †Pinegicrinus Vanin 1980

G. †Preptopremnum Moore and Jeffords 1968

Unr. †Protocrinoidea Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003

Fm. †Salairocrinidae Dubatolova 1971

G. †Salairocrinus Dubatolova 1971

Fm. †Schyschcatocrinidae Dubatolova 1971

Fm. †Stenocrinidae Dubatolova 1971

Fm. †Stukaliniidae Doweld 2012

Invalid names: Lobocrinidae Stukalina 1982 [replaced]

Fm. †Tantalocrinidae Le Menn 1985

Fm. †Taranshicrinidae Sisova 1988

G. †Tatjanicrinus

G. †Tetragonocyclicus Dubatolova 1964

G. †Tetralobocrinus Dubatolova 1971

G. †Torrocrinus

G. †Webericrinus

G. †Woodocrinus de Koninck and Lehon 1854

Invalid names: Philocrinus de Koninck 1863 [synonym]

G. †Zeravschanocrinus Schewtschenko 1966

Invalid names: Acariaeocrinus Biese 1935 [nomen dubium], Carpenterocrinus Clark 1908 [nomen dubium], Conspectocrinus Stukalina 1969 [nomen vanum], Cyclomischidae Moore and Jeffords 1968 [empty], Dentiferocrinidae Stukalina 1977 [empty], Dentiferocrinus Stukalina 1968 [nomen vanum], Echmatocrinida [empty], Entrochus rotiformis Koken 1900 [nomen dubium], Gasterometra Gislen 1925 [invalid subgroup], Picteticrinus Etallon 1857 [nomen nudum], Protocrinoidea Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003 [empty], Waikaripites Eagle 2005 [nomen nudum]

Cl. †Diploporita Müller 1854

G. †Batalleria

G. †Codiacystis

Invalid names: Craterina Barrande 1887 [synonym]

G. †Destombesia

Fm. †Parasphaeronitiidae Bockelie 1984

G. †Pemphocystis

G. †Proteocystites Barrande 1887

Invalid names: Aristocystitoida Neumayr 1889 [empty], Glyptosphaeritidacea Bernard 1895 [empty], Seriolata Jaekel 1918 [empty]

Cl. †Eocrinoidea Jaekel 1918

G. †Acanthocystites Barrande 1887

Or. †Ascocystitida

Fm. †Ascocystitidae Ubaghs 1967

G. †Balangicystis Parsley and Zhao 2006

G. †Balantiocystis Chauvel 1966

G. †Bolboporites Pander 1830

Invalid names: Bolboporites Pander 1830 [objective synonym]

G. †Cardiocystites Barrande 1887

G. †Cigara

Fm. †Cryptocrinitidae Bassler 1938

G. †Cymbionites Whitehouse 1941

Or. †Gogiida Broadhead 1982

G. †Haimacystis Sumrall et al. 2011

G. †Hexedriocystis Sumrall and Zamora 2011

G. †Lapillocystites

Fm. †Lichenoididae Jaekel 1918

Fm. †Lingulocystidae Ubaghs 1960

G. †Llanocystis Zamora et al. 2015

G. †Luhocrinus Prokop and Fatka 1985

G. †Marjumicystis Ubaghs and Robison 1988

Fm. †Palaeocystitidae Ubaghs 1967

G. †Paracryptocrinites Rozhnov and Federov 2001

G. †Peridionites Whitehouse 1941

G. †Pilocystites

G. †Polyptychella

Fm. †Rhipidocystidae Jaekel 1901

Fm. †Ridersiidae Jell et al. 1985

G. †Simonkovicrinus Rozhnov 1991

Or. †Trachelocrinida Sumrall 1997

G. †Ubaghsicystis Gil Cid and Domínguez 2002

Invalid names: Imbricata Sprinkle 1973 [empty]

Or. †Glyptosphaeritida Bernard 1895

Fm. †Dactylocystidae Jaekel 1899

Fm. †Eumorphocystidae Branson and Peck 1940

Fm. †Glyptosphaeritidae Bernard 1895

Fm. †Gomphocystitidae Bassler 1938

Fm. †Protocrinitidae Bather 1899

Cl. †Lepidocystoidea Durham 1967

Fm. †Felbabkacystidae Nardin et al. 2017

Fm. †Lepidocystidae Durham 1967

Or. †Parablastoidea Hudson 1907

Fm. †Blastocystidae Jaekel 1918

G. †Meristoschisma

G. †Pachyocrinus Billings 1859

Cl. †Paracrinoidea Regnell 1945

Or. †Comarocystitida Parsley and Mintz 1975

Fm. †Heckeritidae Rozhnov 1987

Or. †Platycystitida

Fm. †Springerocystidae Bassler 1950

Cl. †Rhombifera Zittel 1879

Superfm. †Hemicosmitoida Jaekel 1918

G. †Sumsaricystis Stukalina 1978

Or. †Rhombifera Zittel 1879

G. †Acantholepis McCoy 1846

Superfm. †Caryocystitida Jaekel 1918

Superfm. †Caryocystitidacea Jaekel 1918

Fm. †Dibrachicystidae Zamora and Smith 2011

Or. †Dichoporita Jaeckel 1899

Or. †Glyptocystitida Bather 1899

Superfm. †Glyptocystitoida Bather 1899

Or. †Hillocystida Jell 1983

G. †Pirocystella

Superfm. †Polycosmitida Jaekel 1918

G. †Thomacystis

Invalid names: Glyptocystitidacea Bather 1899 [empty], Pleurocystitida Jell 1983 [empty]

Cl. †Soluta Jaekel 1900

G. †Coleicarpus Daley 1996

Or. †Dendrocystitida Noailles et al. 2014

Or. †Syringocrinida Parsley and Caster 1965

Superfm. †Sphaeronitida Neumayr 1889

Fm. †Aristocystitidae Bassler 1938

Fm. †Holocystitidae Miller 1889

Fm. †Sphaeronitidae Neumayr 1889

Cl. †Camptostromoidea

Invalid names: Camptostromatoida [empty]

Cl. †Cincta Jaekel 1918

G. †Davidocinctus Friedrich 1993

†Davidocinctus pembrokensis Friedrich 1993

Fm. †Gyrocystidae Jaekel 1918

G. †Asturicystis Sdzuy 1993

G. †Graciacystis Zamora et al. 2013

G. †Gyrocystis Jaekel 1918

Invalid names: Decacystis [synonym]

G. †Progyrocystis Friedrich 1993

G. †Sotocinctus Sdzuy 1993

Fm. †Rozanovicystidae Rozhnov 2006

G. †Rozanovicystis Rozhnov 2006

Fm. †Sucocystidae Friedrich 1993

G. †Bohemiacinctus Zamora et al. 2023

G. †Elliptocinctus Termier and Termier 1973

G. †Lignanicystis Zamora and Smith 2008

G. †Ludwigicinctus Friedrich 1993

G. †Protocinctus Rahman and Zamora 2009

G. †Sucocystis Cabibel et al. 1959

Invalid names: Cyclocinctus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym], Trochocinctus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]

G. †Trochocystites Barrande 1887

G. †Trochocystoides Jaekel 1918

G. †Undatacinctus Smith and Zamora 2009

Fm. †Trochocystitidae Jaekel 1900

G. †Nelegerocystis Rozhnov 2006

G. †Corneotuba Krainer and Mostler 1997

†Corneotuba perforata Krainer and Mostler 1997

G. †Cornuvacites Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Cornuvacites florealis Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Cornuvacites irregularis Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Cornuvacites symmetricus Kozur and Mostler 1972

Cl. †Ctenocystoidea Robison and Sprinkle 1969

G. †Conollia Dominquez Alonso 2004

†Conollia sporranoides Rahman et al. 2015

†Conollia staffordi Dominquez Alonso 2004

Or. †Ctenocystoida Ubaghs and Robison 1988

G. †Courtessolea Domínguez-Alonso 1999

Fm. †Ctenocystidae Sprinkle and Robison 1978

G. †Etoctenocystis Fatka and Kordule 1985

†Etoctenocystis bohemica Barrande 1887

Fm. †Jugoszoviidae Dzik and Orlowski 1995

G. †Jugoszovia Dzik and Orlowski 1995

G. †Ctenoimbricata Zamora et al. 2012

†Ctenoimbricata spinosa Zamora et al. 2012

Cl. †Cyclocystoidea Miller and Gurley 1895

Fm. †Apycnodiscidae Boczarowski 2001

G. †Apparatocycloides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Brutocycloides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Chimaerocycloides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Concavocycloides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Linguacycloides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Neocyclocystoides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Paradoxocycloides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Platycycloides Boczarowski 2001

G. †Smithocycloides Boczarowski 2001

Fm. †Cyclocystoididae Miller 1882

G. †Actinodiscus Smith and Paul 1982

G. †Apycnodiscus Smith and Paul 1982

G. †Cyclocystoides Salter and Billings 1858

G. †Diastocycloides Smith and Paul 1982

G. †Monocycloides Berg-Madsen 1987

G. †Narrawayella Smith and Paul 1982

G. †Nicholsodiscus Glass et al. 2003

G. †Perforocycloides Ewin et al. 2019

G. †Polytryphocycloides Smith and Paul 1982

G. †Sievertsia Smith and Paul 1982

G. †Zygocycloides Smith and Paul 1982

Fm. †Moroccodiscidae Reich et al. 2017

G. †Moroccodiscus Reich et al. 2017

G. Echinosphaera Angelin 1878

Cl. †Edrioasteroidea Billings 1858

G. †Aragocystites Zamora 2013

†Aragocystites belli Zamora 2013

G. †Camptostroma Ruedemann 1933

†Camptostroma roddyi Ruedemann 1933

Invalid names: Camptostroma Ruedemann 1933 [replaced]

Or. †Cyathocystida Bell 1975

Fm. †Cyathocystidae Bather 1899

Or. †Edrioasterida Bell 1976

G. †Aepyaster

Subor. †Edrioasterina Bather 1898

Subor. †Edrioblastoidina Fay 1962

G. †Edriophus

G. †Lampteroblastus

G. †Paredriophus

G. †Sprinkleoglobus Zhao et al. 2022

G. †Stromatocystites Pompeckj 1896

Fm. †Totiglobidae Bell and Sprinkle 1978

Or. †Edrioblastoida Fay 1962

G. †Cambroblastus Smith and Jell 1990

Invalid names: Cambroblastus Smith and Jell 1990 [objective synonym]

Or. †Pentacystida Jaeckel 1918

Fm. †Hemicystitidae Bassler 1936

G. †Anglidiscus Regnéll 1950

G. †Bassleridiscus Fisher 1951

G. †Carneyella Forste 1916

G. †Cincinnatidiscus Bassler 1935

G. †Cystaster Hall 1871

G. †Foerstediscus Bassler 1935

G. †Hemicystites Hall 1852

G. †Lebetodiscus Bather 1908

G. †Lepidoconia Wilson 1946

G. †Timeischytes Ehlers and Kesling 1958

Or. †Isorophida

Fm. †Agelacrinitidae Clarke 1901

G. †Chatsworthia Smith and Jell 1990

G. †Cryptogoleus

G. †Curvitriordo

G. †Deltadiscus Guensberg and Sprinkle 1994

G. †Floridiscus

G. †Giganticlavus

G. †Hadrochthus

G. †Hadrodiscus Smith and Jell 1990

Fm. †Lebetodiscidae Bell 1976

G. †Protorophus Zamora and Smith 2010

G. †Rectitriordo

G. †Stalticodiscus

Subor. †Isorophina Bell 1976

Fm. †Isorophidae Bell 1976

Fm. †Isorophinidae Sumrall and Zamora 2011

G. †Anedriophus Sumrall and Zamora 2011

G. †Kailidiscus Zhao et al. 2010

†Kailidiscus chinensis Zhao et al. 2010

Fm. †Pyrgocystidae Kesling 1967

G. †Archaepyrgus

G. †Argodiscus Prokop 1965

G. †Belochthus

G. †Epipaston

G. †Fanulodiscus

G. †Moroccopyrgus Sumrall and Zamora 2011

G. †Pyrgocystis Bather 1915

G. †Streptaster Hall 1872

Fm. †Stromatocystitidae Bassler 1936

G. †Cambraster Cabibel et al. 1958

G. †Edriodiscus

G. †Stromatocyctites Pompeck 1896

G. †Walcottidiscus Bassler 1935

G. †Xenocystites Bassler 1936

Fm. †Yorkicystitidae Zamora et al. 2022

G. †Yorkicystis Zamora et al. 2022

Invalid names: Cyathothecidae Jaekel 1927 [empty], Stromatocystitida [empty]

Subph. Eleutherozoa Bell 1891

Unr. Asterozoa von Zittel 1895

Cl. Asteroidea de Blainville 1830 [sea star]

Fm. †Falloasteridae Blake et al. 2019

Cl. Ophiuroidea Gray 1840 [brittle star]

Fm. †Phragmactinidae Spencer 1951

Cl. †Somasteroidea Spencer 1951

Cl. †Stenuroidea Spencer 1951

Invalid names: Catervaparmasteridae Blake 2000 [empty], Eopentaroida Dean Shackleton 2005 [empty], Stelleroidea Gregory 1900 [objective synonym]

Unr. †Echinozoa von Zittel 1895

Cl. Echinoidea Leske 1778 [sea urchin]

Cl. Holothuroidea de Blainville 1834 [sea cucumber]

Cl. †Ophiocistioidea Sollas 1899

G. †Erinea Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Erinea triassica Kozur and Mostler 1972

G. †Fanerocoelia Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Fanerocoelia pennata Kozur and Mostler 1972

Fm. †Helicocystitidae Smith and Zamora 2013

G. †Helicocystis Smith and Zamora 2013

†Helicocystis moroccoensis Smith and Zamora 2013

Cl. †Helicoplacoidea Durham and Caster 1963

Fm. †Helicoplacidae Durham and Caster 1966

G. †Helicoplacus Durham and Caster 1963

Invalid names: Westgardella Durham 1993 [synonym]

G. †Polyplacus Durham 1967

G. †Waucobella Durham 1967

Invalid names: Helicoplacida Durham 1967 [empty], Polyplacida Durham 1967 [empty], Westgardellidae Durham 1993 [invalid subgroup]

Subph. †Homalozoa Whitehouse 1941

Invalid names: Homoiostelea Gill and Caster 1960 [empty], Homostelea [empty]

G. †Iheringiana Berg 1898

G. †Limolepis Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Limolepis interrupta Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Limolepis manicaformis Kozur and Mostler 1972

G. †Nemotapis Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Nemotapis inflecta Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Nemotapis procera Kozur and Mostler 1972

Fm. †Pediculacaudinidae Kozur and Mostler 1989

G. †Pediculicaudina Kozur and Mostler 1989

†Pediculicaudina siciliensis Kozur and Mostler 1989

G. †Spicatocaudina Kozur and Mostler 1989

Subph. †Pelmatozoa Leuckart 1848

Cl. †Cystoidea von Buch 1846

Invalid names: Hydrophoridea Zittel 1903 [empty], Protocystites Salter 1865 [nomen nudum]

G. †Radimonis Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Radimonis foliacea Kozur and Mostler 1972

G. †Scoteinocystis Ubaghs 1999

†Scoteinocystis cambriensis Ubaghs 1999

Cl. †Stylophora Gill and Caster 1960

Or. †Cornuta Jaekel 1901

G. †Amygdalotheca

Subor. †Amygdalothecida Lefebvre and Vizcaino 1999

G. †Arauricystis Lefebvre and Vizcaino 1999

G. †Babinocystis

Fm. †Ceratocystidae Jaekel 1901

G. †Chauvelia

Subor. †Cothurnocystida Bather 1913

G. †Galliaecystis

Fm. †Phyllocystidae Derstler 1979

G. †Procothurnocystis

G. †Protocystites Hicks 1872

Invalid names: Protocystis Bather 1900 [synonym]

Or. †Mitrata Jaekel 1918

G. †Anatiferopsis

Subor. †Anomalocystitida Caster 1952

G. †Bokkeveldia

G. †Chaivella

G. †Dalejocystis

G. †Diamphidiocystis

Subor. †Lagynocystida Baster 1952

G. †Lobocarpus Ubaghs 1999

Subor. †Mitrocystitida Caster 1952

G. †Mongolocarpos

G. †Notocarpos

G. †Occultocystis

Subor. †Peltocystida Jefferies 1973

G. †Spermacystis

G. †Tasmanicytidium

G. †Willmanocystis

G. †Yachalicystis

Invalid names: Ankyroida Parsley 1998 [invalid subgroup], Reticulocarpidae Cripps and Daley 1994 [empty]

Fm. †Tubocaudinidae Kozur and Mostler 1989

G. †Tubocaudina Kozur and Mostler 1989

†Tubocaudina longitubus Kozur and Mostler 1989

G. †Venerella Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Venerella globosa Kozur and Mostler 1972

†Venerella stillata Kozur and Mostler 1972

Invalid names: Carpoidea Jaekel 1900 [empty], Crinozoa Matsumoto 1929 [empty], Paracrinozoa Parsley and Mintz 1975 [empty], Scutellidae Angas 1871 [empty], Scutellinidae Dall 1889 [empty]

Ph. Hemichordata Bateson 1885 [acorn worm]

Cl. Enteropneusta

Fm. Harrimaniidae Spengel 1901

G. †Megaderaion

G. Saccoglossus Schimkewitsch 1892

G. †Spartobranchus Caron et al. 2013

†Spartobranchus tenuis Caron et al. 2013

Fm. Spengelidae Willey 1899

G. †Mazoglossus Bardack 1997

Cl. Pterobranchia Lankester 1877 [pterobranch]

Or. Cephalodiscida

Fm. †Cephalodiscidae Harmer 1905

Invalid names: Eocephalodiscidae Kozłowski 1949 [synonym]

Subcl. Graptolithina Bronn 1849 [graptolite]

Unr. †Acanthastida Kozlowski 1949

G. †Ascograptus

Or. †Camaroidea

G. †Ceramograptus

G. †Crinocaulis

Or. †Crustoidea Bulman 1970

Fm. †Cyclograptidae Bulman 1938

Or. †Dendroidea Nicholson 1872

Fm. †Dithecodendridae Obut 1964

G. †Dithecodendrum

Unr. †Graptoblasti Kozlowski 1949

Unr. †Graptoloida Maletz et al. 2009 [graptoloid]

Or. †Graptoloidea Lapworth 1875

G. †Leveillites

G. †Palmatophycus Boucek 1941

G. †Pilograptus

Fm. †Rhabdopleuridae Harmer 1905

G. †Siryngotaenia

Fm. †Wimanicrustidae Bulman 1970

Invalid names: Diplograptoidea Lapworth 1880 [empty], Dithecoidea Obut 1964 [empty], Graptolithus Linnaeus 1768 [invalid subgroup], Graptovermida Kozlowski 1949 [empty], Limpidograptus [nomen vanum], Stolonoidea Kozlowski 1938 [empty], Thamnograptus [nomen vanum], Trigonograptus Lapworth 1873 [nomen vanum], Tuboidea Kozlowski 1938 [empty]

G. †Mastograptus LoDuca and Kramer 2014

G. †Webbyites Kraft et al. 2001

†Webbyites felix Muir and Gutiérrez-Marco 2023

†Webbyites rokycanensis Boucek 1956

Invalid names: Rhabdopleurida Fowler 1892 [empty]

Unr. †Vetulocystida Shu et al. 2002

Fm. †Vetulocystidae Shu et al. 2002

G. †Dianchicystis Shu et al. 2002

†Dianchicystis jianshanensis Shu et al. 2002

G. †Thylacocercus Conway Morris et al. 2015

†Thylacocercus ignota Conway Morris et al. 2015

G. †Vetulocystis Shu et al. 2002

†Vetulocystis catenata Shu et al. 2002

Ph. Chordata Haeckel 1874

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Subph. Cephalochordata Haeckel 1866 [lancelet]

Or. Amphioxiformes

Fm. Branchiostomatidae

G. Amphioxus Yarrell 1836

G. Branchiostoma Costa 1834

G. Dolichorhynchus Willey 1901

Fm. Epigonichthyidae

G. Epigonichthys Peters 1877

Invalid names: Asymmetron Andrews 1893 [synonym], Heteropleuron Kirkaldy 1895 [synonym], Paramphioxus Haeckel 1893 [synonym]

Invalid names: Asymmetrontidae [synonym]

G. †Cathaymyrus Shu et al. 1996

Cl. Leptocardii Müller 1845

Or. Amphioxi

Fm. Amphioxididae

G. †Palaeobranchiostoma

G. †Metaspriggina Simonetta and Insom 1993

†Metaspriggina walcotti Simonetta and Insom 1993

Fm. †Pikaidae Walcott 1911

G. †Oesia Walcott 1911

†Oesia disjuncta Walcott 1911

G. †Pikaia Walcott 1911

†Pikaia gracilens Walcott 1911

Subph. Tunicata Lamarck 1816 [tunicate]

Cl. Ascidiacea Nielsen 1995 [sea squirt]

G. †Choanites Mantell 1822

Or. Enterogona Perrier 1898

Fm. Didemnidae Milne Edwards 1841

Or. †Khmeriamorpha Wendt 2018

Fm. †Khmeriidae Montanaro Gallitelli 1954

Cl. Thaliacea Nielsen 1995

Invalid names: Doliolida [empty], Pyrosomida [empty], Salpida [empty]

G. Cystodytes

G. †Megasiphon Nanglu et al. 2023

†Megasiphon thylakos Nanglu et al. 2023

G. Micraseites

Invalid names: Urochordata Lankester 1877 [synonym]

G. †Undichna Anderson 1976

†Undichna brittanica Higgs 1988

†Undichna unisulca de Gibert et al. 1999

Subph. Vertebrata Lamarck 1801 [vertebrate]

Cl. Agnatha Cope 1889 [jawless fish]

G. †Anatolepis Brockelie and Fortey 1976

†Anatolepis heintzi Brockelie and Fortey 1976

G. †Muzaffarabadmachli Malkani 2019

†Muzaffarabadmachli abbottabadi Malkani 2019

G. †Pircanchaspis Erdtmann et al. 2000

†Pircanchaspis rinconensis Erdtmann et al. 2000

G. †Saarolepis Robertson 1945

Invalid names: Anaspis Robertson 1941 [replaced]

Invalid names: Loganiida Turner 1991 [empty], Myllokunmingiida Shu 2003 [empty], Pituriaspida Young 1991 [empty]

G. †Ammopus Lull 1915

†Ammopus marshi Lull 1915

Supercl. †Anaspidomorphi

Or. †Jamoytiiformes

Fm. †Achanarellidae Newman and Trewin 2001

Fm. †Euphaneropidae Woodward 1900

Invalid names: Lasaniidae Goodrich 1909 [synonym]

Fm. †Jamoytiidae White 1946

G. †Apedolepis Young 1997

†Apedolepis tomlinsonae Young 1997

G. †Artenolepis Janvier 1974

†Artenolepis golshanii Janvier 1974

Subph. Craniota

Supercl. †Hypostomata Gadow 1898

Invalid names: Ostracodermi [synonym]

Supercl. Cyclostomata Richards

Cl. †Anaspida Traquair

Or. †Anaspidiformes

Or. Birkeniida Berg 1937

Or. †Birkeniiformes

G. †Conopiscius

Or. †Endeiolepidiformes

Or. †Conodontophorida Eichenberg 1930

G. †Algherella

G. †Alternognathus

G. †Amydrotaxis

G. †Angulodus

G. †Axiothea

G. †Caenodontus

G. †Cambropustula Müller and Hinz 1991

G. †Coelocerodontus Ethington 1959

Cl. †Conodonta Pander 1856 [conodont]

G. †Declinognathodus Dunn 1966

G. †Dentacodina

G. †Dichodella

Superfm. †Distacodontacea Bassler 1925

G. †Elsonella

G. †Embaysgnathus

G. †Eocarniodus Orchard 1980

G. †Evencodus

G. †Exochognathus Pollock et al. 1970

G. †Fungulodus

G. †Geniculatus

Superfm. †Hibbardellacea Mueller 1956

G. †Hindeodelloides

G. †Hindeodina

G. †Homoiranognathus

G. †Huddlella

G. †Istorinus Knüpfer 1967

G. †Laterignathus

G. †Leutorhinion

Fm. †Mestognathidae Austin and Rhodes 1981

G. †Mitrellotaxis

G. †Neocavitella

G. †Norigondolella

G. †Oligodus

G. †Ozarcodina Walliser

Superfm. †Panderodontacea Lindstrom 1970

G. †Paraprionodus Ethington and Clark 1982

G. †Pavlovites

G. †Playfordia Glenister and Klapper 1966

G. †Polygnathellus Branson and Mehl 1933

G. †Prattognathus

G. †Pravognathus

G. †Pseudosweetognathus

G. †Ptilognathus

G. †Rhodalepus

G. †Roundya

G. †Schopfodus

G. †Sibiriodus

G. †Steptotaxis

G. †Subbryantodus

G. †Tuxekania

G. †Volgelgnathus Norby and Rexroad 1985

G. †Windsorgnathus

G. †Zieglericonus

Invalid names: Chirognathacea Branson and Mehl 1944 [empty], Fryxellodontacea Miller 1981 [empty], Proconodontacea Miller 1981 [empty]

Cl. Myxini Jaekel 1911

G. †Myxineidus Poplin et al. 2001

Or. Myxiniformes [hagfish]

Invalid names: Hyperotreti [synonym]

G. †Myxinikela Bardack 1991

Subcl. Myxinoidea [hagfish]

Cl. Petromyzontida Bonaparte 1831

Fm. †Gilpichthyidae Halstead 1993

Fm. †Pipisciidae Halstead 1993

Invalid names: Hyperoartia Müller 1844 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hypospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Marsipobranchii [synonym], Palaeospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Petromyzontes [empty]

Unr. †Cyclostomi Duméril 1806

G. †Squirmarius McCoy et al. 2023

†Squirmarius testai McCoy et al. 2023

G. †Eosaurus Marsh 1862

†Eosaurus acadianus Marsh 1862

Cl. †Galeaspida Liu 1965

G. †Deanaspis Lin et al. 2025

†Deanaspis longpingi Lin et al. 2025

G. †Diploholcaspis Wang et al. 2009

†Diploholcaspis daleensis Wang et al. 2009

G. †Microphymaspis Wang et al. 2002

†Microphymaspis pani Wang et al. 2002

G. †Pseudoduyunaspis Wang et al. 1996

†Pseudoduyunaspis bachuensis Wang et al. 1996

Supercl. Gnathostomata Gegenbauer 1874 [jawed fish]

Cl. †Acanthodii Owen 1846 [spiny fish]

Or. †Acanthodiformes Berg 1940

G. †Antarctonchus White 1968

G. †Archaeacanthus Kade 1858

G. †Byssacanthoides Woodward 1921

G. †Campylodus Rohon 1893

Or. †Climatiiformes Berg 1940

Or. †Diplacanthiformes Berg 1940

G. †Eupleurogmus M'Coy 1890

G. †Gemuendolepis Gross 1973

G. †Haplacanthus Agassiz 1845

G. †Homacanthus Agassiz 1845

Or. †Ischnacanthida Berg 1940

Or. †Ischnacanthiformes Berg 1940

G. †Latviacanthus Schultze and Zidek 1982

G. †Lupopsyroides Hanke and Wilson 2004

G. †Lupopsyrus Bernacsek and Dineley 1977

Fm. †Machaeracanthidae Burrow and Young 2005

G. †Monopleurodus Pander 1856

G. †Neoasiacanthus Wang et al. 1980

G. †Nodacosta Gross 1940

G. †Nodonchus White 1961

Fm. †Onchidae

G. †Paucicanthus Hanke 2002

G. †Pinnacanthus Bryant 1934

G. †Promesacanthus Hanke 2008

G. †Ptychodictyon Gross 1973

G. †Seretolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Striacanthus Hills 1931

Fm. †Tchunacanthidae Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2003

G. †Yealepis Burrow and Young 1999

Invalid names: Acanthodei Gunnell 1933 [replaced], Acanthodi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Acanthodida Berg 1940 [empty], Climatiida Berg 1940 [empty], Diplacanthi Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Cl. Chondrichthyes Huxley 1880 [cartilaginous fish]

Or. †Altholepidiformes

Or. †Antarctilamniformes Ginter et al. 2008

Fm. †Bandringidae Zangerl 1969

Or. †Bradyodontida Woodward 1921

Superor. †Cladoselachimorpha

Superor. †Ctenacanthimorpha

G. †Doliodus Traquair 1893

G. †Duplisuggestus Johns 1997

Or. †Elegestolepidida

G. †Eucentrurus Traquair 1901

Subcl. Euselachii Hay 1902

G. †Fasciodus Henry 1876

G. †Geisacanthus St John and Worthen 1875

G. †Gladbachus Heidtke and Kratschmer 2001

G. †Gogoselachus Long et al. 2015

G. †Gracilisuggestus Johns 1997

Subcl. Holocephali Bonaparte 1832 [chimaera]

Invalid names: Bradyodonti Arambourg and Bertin 1958 [synonym], Euchondrocephali Lund and Grogan 1997 [synonym]

Infracl. †Holocephalimorpha Lund 1986

Or. †Iniopterygia Zangerl and Case 1973

Fm. †Kathemacanthidae

G. †Leonotus

G. †Machichnus Mikulas et al. 2006

Or. †Mongolepidida Karatujute-Talimaa et al. 1990

G. †Obtusacanthus Hanke and Wilson 2004

Or. †Omalodontiformes Turner 1997

Fm. †Palaeospondylidae Stürtz 1899

Or. †Phoebodontiformes Ginter et al. 2002

G. †Plesioselachus Anderson et al. 1999

Or. †Polymerolepidiformes

Fm. †Polysentoridae Zangerl 1979

G. †Proprigalea Johns 1997

Fm. †Protodontidae Woodward 1932

G. †Ptomacanthus Miles 1973

Fm. †Pucapampellidae Maisey et al. 2018

G. †Pucapumpella Maisey and Anderson 2001

G. †Qianodus Andreev et al. 2022

G. †Shenacanthus Zhu et al. 2022

G. †Simmorius

Or. †Sinacanthida Andreev et al. 2020

G. †Thaumatacanthus Waagen 1880

Fm. †Wellingtonellidae Marss et al. 2002

Superor. †Xenacanthimorpha

G. †Yuanolepis Andreev et al. 2020

Invalid names: Clamydoselachidae [empty], Ctenoptychius ordii Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Desmiodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Mongolepidiformes [empty], Rhinobatiformes Müller and Henle 1837 [empty], Subterbranchialia Zangerl 1979 [empty]

Unr. †Eugnathostomata

Unr. Teleostomi Bonaparte 1836

Invalid names: Chondrichthyomorphi [empty]

G. †Janusiscus Giles et al. 2015

†Janusiscus schultzei Giles et al. 2015

G. †Minjinia Brazeau et al. 2020

†Minjinia turgenensis Brazeau et al. 2020

Cl. Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [bony fish]

Supercl. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]

Subcl. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]

Fm. †Andreolepididae Märss 2001

Fm. Coregonidae

G. †Crenilepis Reis 1887

G. †Cyclotomodon Cope 1876

Or. †Dialipiniformes

Or. Ganoidei Agassiz

Subfm. †Histiothrissinae Arambourg 1955

Or. †Iniomi

Fm. †Lophosteidae Gross 1969

G. †Naxilepis Wang and Dong 1989

G. †Nothosoma Agassiz 1843

G. †Preophiodon

Subcl. Sarcopterygii Romer 1955 [lobe-finned fish]

Invalid names: Crossopterygii Huxley 1861 [replaced]

G. †Sparalepis Choo et al. 2017

G. †Tythonichthys

Invalid names: Cephaloxeniformes [empty], Euteleostomi [synonym], Pattonia Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pattonia couttsi Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pisces Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]

Cl. †Placodermi M'Coy 1848 [armour-plated fish]

Or. †Acanthothoraci Stensiö 1944

Unr. †Antiarchi Cope 1885

Invalid names: Antiarchi Cope 1885 [synonym]

Unr. †Arthrodira Woodward 1891

Invalid names: Arthrodiriformes Grande and Eastman 1986 [synonym]

G. †Asiacanthus Liu 1948

G. †Austroptyctodus Long 1997

G. †Bianchengichthys Li et al. 2021

Or. †Brindabellaspida Young 1980

G. †Campbellodus Miles and Young 1977

G. †Changyonophyton Sze 1952

Or. †Coccostei Jaekel 1911

G. †Coelosteichthys Whitley 1940

Fm. †Cratoselachiidae Woodward 1932

G. †Deinodus Hussakof and Bryant 1919

G. †Entelognathus Zhu et al. 2013

G. †Hybosteus Gross 1933

G. †Neopetalichthys Liu 1973

G. †Nessariostoma Broili 1933

Invalid names: Nessariostoma Broili 1933 [objective synonym]

G. †Oestophorus Miller 1892

Invalid names: Sphenophorus Newberry 1889 [replaced]

Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911

Invalid names: Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym]

Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911

Invalid names: Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym]

Or. †Pseudopetalichthyiformes

Or. †Ptychostei Jaekel 1911

Or. †Ptyctodontida Gross 1932

Or. †Rhenanida Broili 1930

G. †Sedowichthys Bystrow 1957

Or. †Stensioelliformes Romer 1945

G. †Tollichthys Bystrow 1957

G. †Wangolepis Pan 1986

G. †Yunnanacanthus Liu 1973

Invalid names: Acanthothoraciformes [empty], Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pseudopetalichthyida Denison 1975 [empty], Rhenaniformes [empty]

G. †Plectrodus Agassiz in Murchison 1839

†Plectrodus mirabilis Agassiz 1839

G. †Qilinyu Zhu et al. 2016

†Qilinyu rostrata Zhu et al. 2016

G. †Ramirosuarezia Pradel et al. 2009

†Ramirosuarezia boliviana Pradel et al. 2009

G. †Xiushanosteus Zhu et al. 2022

†Xiushanosteus mirabilis Zhu et al. 2022

Invalid names: Chondrichthiomorphi [empty], Ichthyes Gadow 1898 [empty], Placodermiomorphi [empty]

G. †Hoplichnus Hitchcock 1848

†Hoplichnus equus Hitchcock 1858

†Hoplichnus quadrupedans Hitchcock 1848

Invalid names: Hoplichnus poledrus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]

G. Hypichthyes Huxley 1880

G. †Lepidotosaurus Hancock and Howse 1870

†Lepidotosaurus duffi Hancock and Howse 1870

Supercl. †Osteostracomorphi

Cl. †Cephalaspidomorphi Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971

Or. †Atelaspidiformes Tarlo 1967

Invalid names: Cephalaspidida Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971 [empty], Galeaspidiformes [empty], Monorhina [synonym]

Cl. †Galeaspidomorphi van der Laan 2019

Or. †Eugaleaspidiformes Liu 1980

Or. †Hanyangaspidiformes

Fm. †Hyperaspididae Pan 1992

Superor. †Polybranchiaspidida Zhu and Gai 2007

Fm. †Halecopsidae Casier 1946

G. †Halecopsis Woodward 1901

Cl. †Osteostraci Lankaster 1868

Or. †Benneviaspidida Janvier 1996

Or. †Benneviaspidiformes Afanassieva 1991

G. †Camptaspis Branson and Mehl 1931

Or. †Cephalaspidiformes Berg 1937

Subcl. †Cornuata Janvier 1985

Or. †Thyestiformes

Or. †Thyestiida Janvier 1996

Or. †Tremataspidida Obruchev 1964

Or. †Tremataspidiformes Berg 1937

G. †Waengsjoeaspis Janvier 1985

G. †Yvonaspis Belles-Isles 1989

Or. †Zenaspidida Stensio 1958

Invalid names: Ateleaspidiformes Tarlo 1967 [empty]

Subph. Pachycardia Haeckel 1866

Invalid names: Monorrhina Haeckel 1866 [empty]

G. †Palaeoxyris Brongniart 1828

†Palaeoxyris alternus Fischer et al. 2011

†Palaeoxyris regularis Brogniart 1828

Invalid names: Sporlederia Stiehler 1860 [nomen nudum]

Supercl. †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich 1909 [jawless fish]

G. †Coscinodus

G. †Dipnoides

Or. †Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Pezopallichthyes

G. †Sphenonectris

Invalid names: Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Pezopallichthyes [valid], Sphenonectris [valid]

G. †Gompholepis

G. †Gyropeltus

G. †Palaeosteus

Cl. †Pteraspidomorpha

Subcl. †Arandaspida Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

Subcl. †Astraspida Berg 1940

Subcl. †Heterostraci Lankester 1868

Invalid names: Pteraspidomorphes [synonym]

Invalid names: Diplorhina [synonym]

G. †Rabdacanthus

G. †Sigurdia

G. †Tylodus

Invalid names: Pteraspidida Kaier 1932 [empty]

Supercl. †Thelodontomorphi Jackel 1911

Cl. †Thelodonti Jaekel 1911

Or. †Archipelepidiformes

G. †Boreania Karatajute-Talimaa 1985

G. †Canonia Vieth 1980

Or. †Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998

G. †Pezopallichthyes

G. †Sphenonectris

Invalid names: Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Pezopallichthyes [valid], Sphenonectris [valid]

Fm. †Helenolepididae Wilson and Marss 2009

Or. †Loganelliiformes

Fm. †Longodidae Märss 2006

Fm. †Oeseliidae Marss 2005

Or. †Phlebolepidiformes Berg 1937

Or. †Sandiviiformes

Or. †Shieliiformes

Or. †Thelodontiformes Kiaer 1932

Invalid names: Coelolepidiformes Berg 1937 [synonym], Thelodontida [synonym]

G. †Valiukia Karatajute-Talimaa and Marss 2002

G. †Toxichnus Hitchcock 1865

†Toxichnus inaequalis Hitchcock 1865

G. †Zamponiopteron Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron falciformis Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron spinifera Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron triangularis Janvier and Riglos 1986

Invalid names: Acrania Haeckel [empty], Cephalaspidomorpha [empty], Craniata Linnaeus 1758 [objective synonym], Eotetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Herpetichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Mannodon Ameghino 1893 [nomen vanum], Myzichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Ophis Goldfuss 1831 [nomen nudum], Ostracophori [empty], Petromyzontomorphi [empty], Pituriaspida Young 1991 [empty], Protetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Saurornia Seeley 1866 [empty], Thoracophis Troschel 1854 [nomen nudum], Tidaeus Ameghino 1890 [nomen vanum]

G. †Yunnanozoon Hou et al. 1991

†Yunnanozoon lividum Hou et al. 1991

Invalid names: Haikouella jianshanensis Shu et al. 2003 [synonym], Haikouella lanceolata Chen et al. 1999 [synonym]

Invalid names: Haikouella Chen et al. 1999 [synonym]

Invalid names: Olfactores Jefferies 1991 [empty]

Unr. †Saccorhytida Han et al. 2017

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Fm. †Saccorhytidae Han et al. 2017

G. †Saccorhytus Han et al. 2017

†Saccorhytus coronarius Han et al. 2017

Ph. †Vetulicolia Shu 2001

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Cl. †Banffozoa Caron 2006

Fm. †Banffiidae Caron 2006

G. †Banffia Walcott 1911

†Banffia constricta Walcott 1911

†Banffia episoma Conway Morris et al. 2015

G. †Shenzianyuloma McMenamin 2019

†Shenzianyuloma yunnanense McMenamin 2019

Cl. †Vetulicolida Chen and Zhou 1997

G. †Nesonektris García-Bellido et al. 2014

†Nesonektris aldridgei García-Bellido et al. 2014

G. †Skeemella Briggs et al. 2005

†Skeemella clavula Briggs et al. 2005

Or. †Vetulicolata Hou and Berstrom 1997

Fm. †Didazoonidae Shu and Han 2001

G. †Didazoon Shu and Han 2001

G. †Pomatrum Luo et al. 1999

G. †Yuyuanozoon Chen et al. 2003

Fm. †Vetulicolidae Hou 1999

G. †Vetulicola Hou 1987

†Vetulicola cuneata Hou 1987

Unr. Xenacoelomorpha Philippe et al. 2011

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Unr. Acoelomorpha Ehlers 1985

Ph. Acoela

Fm. †Convolutidae Graff 1905

G. †Gutticorpus Knaust 2021

Ph. Xenoturbellida

Invalid names: Mastigocystia [synonym]

Invalid names: Nemertodermatida [empty]

Invalid names: Neorenalia [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

No ecological data are available

Age range: base of the Pridoli to the top of the Kungurian or 422.70000 to 274.40000 Ma

Collections (2 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	China (Xinjiang)	Sciadophyton pristinum (10931)
Sakmarian - Kungurian	293.52 - 274.4	USA (Kansas)	Eukaryota indet. (32659)