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Paenungulatomorpha

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Paenungulatomorpha was named by Gheerbrant et al. (2016) [Erected as a new "Magnorder"].

It was assigned to Afrotheria by Gheerbrant et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2016Paenungulatomorpha Gheerbrant et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Life
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
RankNameAuthor
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
superorderAfrotheria
—Paenungulatomorpha
—Paenungulatomorpha

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Paenungulatomorpha Gheerbrant et al. 2016
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G. †Abdounodus Gheerbrant et al. 2001
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†Abdounodus hamdii Gheerbrant et al. 2001
G. †Hadrogeneios Gheerbrant 2023
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†Hadrogeneios phosphaticus Gheerbrant 2023
G. †Ocepeia Gheerbrant et al. 2001
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†Ocepeia daouiensis Gheerbrant et al. 2001
†Ocepeia grandis Gheerbrant et al. 2014
Superor. Paenungulata Simpson 1945
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Or. Hyracoidea Huxley 1869 [hyrax]
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G. †Dimaitherium Barrow et al. 2010
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†Dimaitherium patnaiki Barrow et al. 2010
G. †Namahyrax Pickford et al. 2008
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†Namahyrax corvus Pickford et al. 2008
Fm. †Pliohyracidae Matsumoto 1926
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Subfm. †Geniohyinae Matsumoto 1926
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G. †Brachyhyrax Pickford 2004
G. †Geniohyus Andrews 1904
G. †Hengduanshanhyrax Cheng 2003
G. †Kvabebihyrax Gabunia and Vekua 1966
G. †Megalohyrax Andrews 1903
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†Megalohyrax eocaenus Andrews 1903
†Megalohyrax gevini Sudre 1979
†Megalohyrax major Andrews 1904
†Megalohyrax minor Andrews 1904
Invalid names: Mixohyrax Schlosser 1910 [synonym]
G. †Meroehyrax Whitworth 1954
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†Meroehyrax bateae Whitworth 1954
†Meroehyrax kyongoi Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009
G. †Pachyhyrax Schlosser 1910
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†Pachyhyrax crassidentatus Schlosser 1910
G. †Parapliohyrax Lavocat 1961
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†Parapliohyrax mirabilis Lavocat 1961
†Parapliohyrax ngororaensis Pickford and Fisher 1987
Subfm. †Pliohyracinae Osborn 1899
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G. †Soqdohyrax Dubrovo 1978
G. †Pliohyrax Osborn 1899
G. †Postschizotherium von Koenigswald 1932
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†Postschizotherium chardini Koenigswald 1932
†Postschizotherium intermedium Koenigswald 1966
†Postschizotherium licenti Koenigswald 1966
Subfm. Saghatheriinae Andrews 1906
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G. †Bunohyrax Schlosser 1910
G. †Microhyrax Sudre 1979
G. †Saghatherium Andrews and Beadnell 1902
G. †Seggeurius Crochet 1986
G. †Thyrohyrax Meyer 1973
G. †Selenohyrax Rasmussen and Simons 1988
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†Selenohyrax chatrathi Rasmussen and Simons 1988
G. †Sogdohyrax Dubrovo 1978
Fm. Procaviidae Thomas 1892 [hyrax]
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G. Dendrohyrax Gray 1868 [tree hyrax]
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Dendrohyrax arboreus Smith 1827 [southern tree hyrax]
Dendrohyrax dorsalis Fraser 1853 [western tree hyrax]
†Dendrohyrax samueli Pickford 2005
G. †Gigantohyrax Kitching 1965
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†Gigantohyrax maguirei Kitching 1965
G. Heterohyrax Gray 1868 [rock hyrax]
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†Heterohyrax auricampensis Rasmussen et al. 1996
Heterohyrax brucei Gray 1868 [rock hyrax]
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Invalid names: Dendrohyrax (Heterohyrax) blainvillii Gray 1868 [synonym], Procavia pumila Thomas 1901 [synonym]
G. Procavia Storr 1780 [Cape hyrax]
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†Procavia antiqua Broom 1934
Procavia capensis Pallas 1766 [Cape hyrax]
†Procavia obermeyerae Broom 1937
†Procavia pliocenica Pickford 2005
†Procavia robertsi Broom and Schepers 1946
Invalid names: Euhyrax Gray 1868 [synonym], Hyrax Herman 1783 [synonym]
G. †Prohyrax Stromer 1926
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†Prohyrax hendeyi Pickford 1994
†Prohyrax tertiarius Stromer 1922
Invalid names: Hyracidae Gray 1821 [synonym]
G. †Rukwalorax Stevens et al. 2009
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†Rukwalorax jinokitana Stevens et al. 2009
Fm. †Titanohyracidae Matsumoto 1926
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G. †Afrohyrax Pickford 2004
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†Afrohyrax championi Arambourg 1933
G. †Antilohyrax Rasmussen and Simons 2000
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†Antilohyrax pectidens Rasmussen and Simons 2000
G. †Rupestrohyrax Pickford 2015
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†Rupestrohyrax palustris Pickford 2015
G. †Titanohyrax Matsumoto 1922
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†Titanohyrax andrewsi Matsumoto 1922
†Titanohyrax angustidens Rasmussen and Simons 1988
†Titanohyrax mongereaui Sudre 1979
†Titanohyrax schlosseri Matsumoto 1921
†Titanohyrax tantulus Court and Hartenberger 1992
†Titanohyrax ultimus Matsumoto 1922
Invalid names: Titanohyrax palaeotherioides Schlosser 1911 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Procaviamorpha Whitworth 1954 [empty], Pseudhippomorpha Whitworth 1954 [empty]
Unr. †Sudamericungulata Avilla and Mothé 2021
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Or. †Astrapotheria Lydekker 1894
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G. †Antarctodon Bond et al. 2011
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†Antarctodon sobrali Bond et al. 2011
Fm. †Astrapotheriidae Ameghino 1887
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G. †Astrapodon Ameghino 1891
G. †Astraponotus Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Megalophodon Roth 1903 [synonym], Notamynus Roth 1903 [synonym]
G. †Astrapothericulus Ameghino 1902
G. †Astrapotherium Burmeister 1879
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Invalid names: Listriotherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Mesembriotherium Moreno 1882 [synonym], Xylotherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Comahuetherium Kramarz and Bond 2011
G. †Ganastrapotherium Johnson 1984
G. †Liarthrus
G. †Maddenia Kramarz and Bond 2009
G. †Monoeidodon Roth 1898
G. †Parastrapotherium Ameghino 1895
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Invalid names: Helicolophodon Roth 1903 [synonym], Loxocoelus [synonym], Traspoatherium [synonym]
G. †Scaglia Simpson 1957
G. †Tonorhinus Ameghino 1904
Subfm. †Uruguaytheriinae Kraglievich 1928
Invalid names: Astrapotheriinae Soria and Alvarenga 1989 [empty]
Fm. †Eoastrapostylopidae Soria and Powell 1981
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G. †Eoastrapostylops Soria and Powell 1981
Fm. †Trigonostylopidae Ameghino 1901
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G. †Albertogaudrya Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Scabellia Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Tetragonostylops Paula Couto 1963
G. †Trigonostylops Ameghino 1897
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Invalid names: Chiodon Berg 1899 [synonym], Staurodon Roth 1899 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hedralophus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Hedralophus bicostatus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Seudenius Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Seudenius cteronc Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Shecenia Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Shecenia ctirneru Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Staurodon supernus Roth 1899 [nomen dubium], Trigonostylops duplex Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Astrapotheroidea Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Blastoconus Roth 1903 [nomen dubium], Blastoconus robertsoni Roth 1904 [nomen dubium], Grypolophodon Roth 1903 [nomen vanum], Grypolophodon morenoi Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Grypolophodon tuberculosis Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Notorhinus Roth 1903 [nomen vanum], Notorhinus haroldi Roth 1904 [nomen vanum]
Or. †Notoungulata Roth 1903 [notoungulate]
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G. †Acoelodus Ameghino 1897
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†Acoelodus debilitatus Ameghino 1901
†Acoelodus oppositus Ameghino 1897
†Acoelodus proclivus Ameghino 1902
†Acoelodus terminalis Ameghino 1902
G. †Allalmeia Rusconi 1946
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†Allalmeia atalaensis Rusconi 1946
G. †Archaeogaia Zimicz et al. 2020
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†Archaeogaia macachaae Zimicz et al. 2020
Fm. †Archaeopithecidae Ameghino 1897
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G. †Acropithecus Ameghino 1904
G. †Archaeopithecus Ameghino 1897
G. †Teratopithecus López et al. 2020
G. †Archaeoplus Ameghino 1898
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†Archaeoplus incipiens Ameghino 1898
Subor. †Entelonychia
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Fm. †Homalodontotheridae Ameghino 1889
G. †Eudiastatus Ameghino 1891
G. †Eurystephanodon Roth 1903
Subor. †Hegetotheria Simpson 1945
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G. †Eohegetotherium Ameghino 1901
G. †Pseudopachyrucos Ameghino 1901
Fm. †Henricosborniidae Ameghino 1901
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G. †Acamana Simpson et al. 1962
G. †Henricosbornia Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Hemistylops Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Microstylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Monolophodon Roth 1903 [synonym], Pantostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Polystylops Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Prohyracotherium Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Selenoconus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Nanolophodon Castro et al. 2021
G. †Orome Bauzá et al. 2019
G. †Othnielmarshia Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Postpithecus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Peripantostylops Ameghino 1904
G. †Simpsonotus Pascual et al. 1978
Invalid names: Pantostylopidae Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Selenoconidae Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
G. †Heterolophodon Roth 1904
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Subor. †Notioprogonia Simpson 1934
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Fm. †Perutheriidae Grambast et al. 1967
G. †Satshatemnus Soria 1989
Unr. †Notopithecidae Ameghino 1897
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G. †Antepithecus Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Infrapithecus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Patriarchippus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pseudadiantus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Eupithecops Ameghino 1897
G. †Guilielmoscottia Ameghino 1901
G. †Notopithecus Ameghino 1897
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Invalid names: Adpithecus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Epipithecus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Gonopithecus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Transpithecus Ameghino 1901
Fm. †Notostylopidae Ameghino 1897
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G. †Boreastylops Vucetich 1980
G. †Chilestylops Bradham et al. 2015
G. †Edvardotrouessartia Ameghino 1901
G. †Homalostylops Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Acrostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Notostylops Ameghino 1897
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Invalid names: Anastylops Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Catastylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Entelostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Eostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isostylops Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Pliostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Orthogeniops Ameghino 1902
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Invalid names: Orthogenium Roth 1902 [replaced]
G. †Otrhonia Roth 1902
Invalid names: Homalostylops interlissus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum]
Fm. †Oldfieldthomasiidae Simpson 1945
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G. †Brachystephanus Simpson et al. 1962
G. †Camargomendesia Paulo Couto 1978
G. †Colbertia Paula Couto 1952
G. †Dolichostylodon García López and Powell 2009
G. †Itaboraitherium Paula Couto 1970
G. †Kibenikhoria Simpson 1935
G. †Maxschlosseria Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Paracoelodus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Oldfieldthomasia Ameghino 1901
G. †Paginula Ameghino 1901
G. †Suniodon López 1995
G. †Tsamnichoria Simpson 1936
G. †Ultrapithecus Ameghino 1901
G. †Xenostephanus Simpson et al. 1962
Invalid names: Acoelodidae Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Subor. †Toxodontia Ameghino 1887
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Unr. †Eutoxodontia Martínez et al. 2020
Fm. †Haplodontheriidae Ameghino 1907
Fm. †Homalodotheriidae Gregory 1910
Fm. †Isotemnidae Ameghino 1897
G. †Nesotherium Mercerat 1891
G. †Noaditherium Ameghino 1907
G. †Periphragnis Roth 1899
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Invalid names: Coelodontotherium Roth 1903 [synonym], Lemudeus Roth 1903 [synonym], Proasmodeus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Tehuelia Roth 1902 [synonym]
Fm. †Xotodontidae Ameghino 1889
Invalid names: Atryptheridae Ameghino 1889 [empty], Lithops praevius Ameghino 1887 [nomen dubium], Notohippidae Ameghino 1894 [invalid subgroup], Pachyrucidae Lydekker 1894 [empty], Protoxodontidae Ameghino 1889 [empty], Rhadinotherium limitatum Mercerat 1891 [nomen dubium], Tembotheridae Moreno 1882 [empty]
Subor. †Typotheria Zittel 1892
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Fm. †Campanorcidae Bond et al. 1984
G. †Griphotherion García López and Powell 2011
Unr. †Hegetotheriidae Ameghino 1894
Fm. †Hemihegetotheriidae Rusconi 1933
Fm. †Interatheriidae Ameghino 1887
Fm. †Mesotheriidae Alston 1876
Superfm. †Typotherioidea Reguero and Castro 2004
Invalid names: Eutrachytheriidae Ameghino 1897 [empty]
Subor. †Typotheroidea
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Invalid names: Hegetotheroidea [empty]
Invalid names: Albertogaudryidae Ameghino 1901 [empty], Archaeotypotherium transitum Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Brandmayria Cabrera 1935 [nomen dubium], Carolodarwinia Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Carolodarwinia pyramidentata Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Claenodon patagonicus Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Degonia sympathica Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Edvardocopeia Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Edvardocopeia sinuosa Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Epitypotherium cancellatum Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Homalodotheria [empty], Isotypotherium Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Lophiodonticulus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Lophiodonticulus patagonicus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Lophiodonticulus retroversus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Notopithecus summus Ameghino 1897 [nomen dubium], Orthogenium ameghinoi Roth 1902 [nomen vanum], Ortholophodon Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Pleurystylops Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Pleurystylops glebosus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Procolpodon Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Procolpodon foratus Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Pyramidon Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Pyramidon klaatschi Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Tonostylops Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Tonostylops spissus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Trimerostephanos ultimus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum], Ultrapithecus robustus Roth 1902 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Pyrotheria Ameghino 1895
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G. †Carolozittelia Ameghino 1901
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†Carolozittelia tapiroides Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Carolozittelia eluta Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium]
G. †Griphodon Anthony 1924
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†Griphodon peruvianus Anthony 1924
Fm. †Pyrotheridae Ameghino 1894
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G. †Archaeolophus Ameghino 1897
G. †Planodus Ameghino 1887
G. †Pyrotherium Ameghino 1888
Fm. †Pyrotheriidae Ameghino 1889
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G. †Baguatherium Salas et al. 2006
G. †Colombitherium Hoffstetter 1970
G. †Propyrotherium Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Carolozittelidae Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Colombitheriidae Hoffstetter 1970 [synonym], Promoeritherium Ameghino 1906 [nomen dubium], Promoeritherium australe Ameghino 1906 [nomen dubium]
Or. †Xenungulata Paula Couto 1952
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Fm. †Carodniidae Paula Couto 1952
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G. †Carodnia Simpson 1935
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Invalid names: Ctalecarodnia Simpson 1935 [synonym]
G. †Rodcania Gelfo et al. 2020
G. †Etayoa Villarroel 1987
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†Etayoa bacatensis Villarroel 1987
G. †Notoetayoa Gelfo et al. 2008
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†Notoetayoa gargantuai Gelfo et al. 2008
Invalid names: Etayoidae Villarroel 1987 [empty]
Unr. Tethytheria McKenna 1975
+
+
Fm. †Arsinoitheriidae Andrews 1904
+
Subfm. †Arsinoitheriinae Sen and Heintz 1979
G. †Arsinoitherium Beadnell 1902
Subfm. †Palaeoamasiinae Sen and Heintz 1979
G. †Lunania Chow 1957
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†Lunania zhoui Huang 2002
G. †Namatherium Pickford et al. 2008
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†Namatherium blackcrowense Pickford et al. 2008
G. †Stylolophus Gheerbrant et al. 2018
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†Stylolophus major Gheerbrant et al. 2021
†Stylolophus minor Gheerbrant et al. 2018
Invalid names: Stylolophidae Gheerbrant et al. 2021 [empty]
Or. Proboscidea Illiger 1811 [proboscidean]
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G. †Arcanotherium Delmer 2009
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†Arcanotherium savagei Court 1995
Subor. †Barytherioidea Simpson 1945
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Fm. †Barytheriidae [barythere]
Fm. †Numidotheriidae Shoshani and Tassy 1996
Fm. †Choerolophodontidae Gaziry 1976
+
G. †Afrochoerodon Picford 2001
G. †Choerolophodon Schlesinger 1917
G. †Cryptomastodon von Koenigswald 1933
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†Cryptomastodon martini Koenigswald 1933
Superfm. †Deinotherioidea Osborn 1936
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Fm. †Deinotheriidae Bonaparte 1845 [deinothere]
Subor. Elephantiformes Tassy 1988
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G. †Dagbatitherium Hautier et al. 2021
Superfm. Elephantoidea Gray 1821
G. †Hemimastodon Pilgrim 1912
Fm. †Palaeomastodontidae Andrews 1906
Invalid names: Phiomiidae Kalandadze and Rautian 1992 [empty]
Unr. Elephantimorpha Tassy and Shoshani 1997
+
Unr. Elephantida Tassy and Shoshani 1997
G. †Eritreaum Shoshani et al. 2006
G. †Eritreum Shoshani et al. 2006
Fm. †Mammutidae Hay 1922 [mastodon]
Invalid names: Mammutida Tassy and Shoshani 1997 [empty]
G. †Eritherium Gheerbrant 2009
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†Eritherium azzouzorum Gheerbrant 2009
Fm. †Gomphotheriidae Hay 1922 [gomphothere]
+
G. †Amahuacatherium Romero-Pittman 1996
Subfm. †Amebelodontinae Barbour 1927
Subfm. †Anancinae Hay 1922
+
Invalid names: Brevirostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym]
G. †Blancotherium May 2019
Subfm. †Cuvieroniinae Cabrera 1929
G. †Cuvieronius Osborn 1923
+
Invalid names: Cordillerion Osborn 1926 [synonym]
G. †Eubelodon Barbour 1914
G. †Eurybelodon Lambert 2016
G. †Gnathabelodon Barbour and Sternberg 1935
Subfm. †Gomphotheriinae Hay 1922
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Invalid names: Gnathabelodontinae Barbour and Sternberg 1935 [synonym]
G. †Gomphotherium Burmeister 1837
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Invalid names: Genomastodon Barbour 1917 [synonym], Ocalientinus Frick 1933 [synonym], Serridentinus Osborn 1923 [synonym], Tatabelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Tetrabelodon Cope 1884 [synonym], Trilophodon Falconer 1857 [synonym], Trobelodon Frick 1933 [synonym]
G. †Konobelodon Lambert 1990
G. †Masthodon Proano 1922
G. †Mastotherium Fischer 1814
G. †Megabelodon Barbour 1914
G. †Morrillia Osborn 1924
G. †Pediolophodon Lambert 2007
G. †Pentalophodon Falconer 1857
Subfm. †Rhynchotheriinae Hay 1922
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Invalid names: Rhynchorostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym]
G. †Rhynchotherium Falconer 1868
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Invalid names: Aybelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Blickotherium Frick 1933 [synonym], Dibelodon Cope 1884 [synonym]
G. †Selenolophodon Chang and Zhai 1978
G. †Serbelodon Frick 1933
G. †Sinomastodon Tobien et al. 1986
G. †Stegomastodon Pohlig 1912
+
Invalid names: Rhabdobunus Hay 1914 [synonym]
G. †Synconolophus Osborn 1929
G. †Tetralophodon Falconer 1857
G. †Torynobelodon Barbour 1929
Invalid names: Mastodon shepardii Leidy 1870 [nomen dubium], Rhynchotherium rectidens Osborn 1923 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Mastodontoidea Osborn 1921
+
Fm. †Bunomastodontidae Osborn 1921
Superfm. †Moeritherioidea Osborn 1921
+
Fm. †Moeritheriidae Andrews 1906
G. †Neodesmostylus Khomenko 1928
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†Neodesmostylus primigenius Khomenko 1928
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Invalid names: Desmostylus wollosowitschi Pfizenmayer 1927 [objective synonym]
G. †Phiomia Andrews and Beadnell 1902
+
†Phiomia major Sanders et al. 2004
†Phiomia minor Andrews 1904
+
Invalid names: Palaeomastodon minus Andrews 1905 [synonym], Palaeomastodon wintoni Andrews 1905 [synonym]
†Phiomia serridens Andrews and Beadnell 1902
Unr. †Plesielephantiformes Shoshani 2001
+
Fm. †Phosphatheriidae Gheerbrandt et al. 2005
G. †Saloumia Tabuce et al. 2020
+
†Saloumia gorodiskii Tabuce et al. 2020
Invalid names: Caenobasileus Cope 1877 [nomen vanum], Caenobasileus tremontigerus Cope 1877 [nomen vanum], Deinotherioidea Osborn 1936 [empty], Dinotherioidea Osborn 1921 [empty], Euelephantoidea [empty], Hemimastodontidae McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty], Mastodontidae Gray 1821 [empty]
Or. Sirenia Illiger 1811 [sirenian]
+
Fm. Dugongidae Gray 1821 [dugong]
+
G. †Anisosiren Kordos 1979
G. †Caribosiren Reinhart 1959
Subfm. Dugonginae Gray 1821
+
Invalid names: Halicorinae Abel 1913 [synonym], Rhytiodinae Abel 1914 [synonym], Rytiodontinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Thelriopiinae Pilleri 1987 [synonym]
G. †Eotheroides Palmer 1899
+
Invalid names: Eotherium Owen 1875 [synonym], Masrisiren Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
Subfm. †Halitheriinae Gill 1872
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Invalid names: Archaeosireninae Abel 1914 [synonym], Eotherioidinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Halianassinae Reinhart 1959 [synonym], Halitherida Carus 1868 [objective synonym], Metaxytheriinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
Subfm. †Hydrodamalinae Palmer 1895
+
Invalid names: Rhytinea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Rytinadae Gray 1843 [synonym], Rytineae Brandt 1833 [synonym], Rytinidae Girard 1852 [synonym]
G. †Indosiren von Koenigswald 1952
G. †Kaupitherium Voss and Hampe 2017
G. †Lentiarenium Voss et al. 2016
G. †Miodugong Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Nanosiren Domning and Aguilera 2008
G. †Paralitherium Kordos 1977
G. †Priscosiren Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
G. †Prohalicore Flot 1887
G. †Sirenavus Kretzoi 1941
Invalid names: Halicorida Brandt 1868 [synonym], Halicoridae Gray 1825 [synonym], Halicoroidea Gill 1872 [synonym], Halitherium Kaup 1838 [nomen dubium], Halitherium alleni Simpson 1932 [invalid subgroup], Halitherium antillense Matthew 1916 [nomen dubium], Halitherium taulannense Sagne 2001 [invalid subgroup], Rytiodinae Simpson 1932 [empty], Trachytherium Gervais 1849 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Prorastomidae Cope 1889
+
G. †Pezosiren Domning 2001
G. †Prorastomus Owen 1855
+
Invalid names: Prorastoma Lydekker 1892 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Prorastomatidae Flower and Lydekker 1891 [objective synonym]
Superfm. †Prorastomoidea Heal 1973
+
Invalid names: Eotheroididae Heal 1973 [empty]
Fm. †Protosirenidae Sickenberg 1934
+
G. †Ashokia Bajpai et al. 2009
G. †Dakhlasiren Zouhri et al. 2022
G. †Kilgai Malkani 2019
G. †Libysiren Domning et al. 2017
G. †Protosiren Abel 1904
G. †Sobrarbesiren Díaz-Berenguer et al. 2018
+
†Sobrarbesiren cardieli Díaz-Berenguer et al. 2018
Fm. Trichechidae Gray 1821 [manatee]
+
Subfm. †Miosireninae Abel 1919
Fm. Trichechinae Gray 1825
Invalid names: Halicorea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Halicoreae Brandt 1833 [objective synonym], Manatida Brandt 1868 [objective synonym], Manatidae Gray 1821 [objective synonym], Manatoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym], Manatus aequatorialis Lacépède 1799 [invalid subgroup], Manatus vulgaris Domning 1996 [invalid subgroup], Trichechoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Anthropocephala Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Crassitherium Van Beneden 1871 [nomen dubium], Diopia Rafinesque 1815 [objective synonym], Dugongoidea Heal 1973 [empty], Halobioidea Ameghino 1889 [objective synonym], Herbivorae Gray 1821 [synonym], Manatherium Hartlaub 1886 [nomen dubium], Manatides Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Manatina Bonaparte 1837 [objective synonym], Manatus inornatus Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Pugmeodon Kaup 1838 [nomen oblitum], Rhytinidae Gill 1872 [empty], Sireniformia Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Sirenotherium Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Sirenotherium pirabense Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Trichechiformes Hay 1923 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Behemota McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty]
Invalid names: Uranotheria [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1374.7 kgs
Minimum body mass: 1.3 kgs
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: s = species, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Solórzano et al. 2023, Johnson and Madden 1997, Croft et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Madden 1997

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (4980 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Carodnia feruglioi (235708) Carodnia karuen (13782) Notoetayoa gargantuai, Carodnia feruglioi (79348)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Bolivia (Mizque) Notoungulata indet. (13501)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04Libya Halitherium sp. (76981)
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Brazil (Amazonas) Trichechus sp. (217666)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Morocco Abdounodus hamdii, Ocepeia daouiensis (68176) Ocepeia daouiensis, Hadrogeneios phosphaticus (133217) Ocepeia grandis (154636)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.66 - 56.0Colombia (Bogotá) Etayoa bacatensis (140910)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Argentina (Jujuy) Simpsonotus major (175869 175870) Simpsonotus praecursor (175868)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Argentina (Salta) Archaeogaia macachaae (212256)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Argentina (Tucumán) Satshatemnus bonapartei, Eoastrapostylops riolorense, Xenungulata indet. (41607)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Mongolia (Omnogov) Notoungulata indet. (37008)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Bolivia Camargomendesia indet. (176065)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Morocco (Beni Mellal) Eritherium azzouzorum (77353)
Thanetian - Ypresian59.24 - 48.07Peru (Puno) Notoungulata sp. 1, Notoungulata sp. 2, Notoungulata sp. 3 (132938) Perutherium altiplanense (28230)
Riochican57.0 - 56.0Argentina (Chubut) Brandmayria simpsoni, Othnielmarshia sp., Polystylops sp., Eohyrax sp., Archaeopithecus rogeri, Isotemnus sp., Pleurostylodon sp., Trigonostylops sp., Henricosbornia lophodonta, Henricosbornia sp., Notopithecus sp., Isotemnus primitivus, Postpithecus sp. (13781) Kibenikhoria get, Isotemnus ctalego, Peripantostylops orehor, Henricosbornia waitehor, Notostylopidae indet., Transpithecus sp., Notopithecidae indet., Isotemnidae indet., Shecenia ctirneru, Seudenius cteronc (14205) Notopithecidae indet., Isotemnidae indet. (175728) Notostylopidae indet. (176061)
Riochican - Mustersan57.0 - 42.0Argentina Pleurostylodon sp., Notostylops sp. (176460)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Türkiye (Kırşehir) Crivadiatherium sevketseni, Crivadiatherium sahini (240578)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Pakistan (Balochistan) Kilgai moolakharzani (214011)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) Carodnia vieirai, Notoungulata indet., Nanolophodon tutuca, Henricosbornia magellanica, Camargomendesia pristina, Homalostylops atavus, Trigonostylops apthomasi, Trigonostylops sp. (118314) Henricosbornia sp., Trigonostylops sp. (38793)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Peru (Tumbes) Carodnia inexpectans (175594)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Venezuela (Lara) Proticia venezuelensis (186779)