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Hybodontiformes

Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1834Hybodontoidea Agassiz p. 90
1836Hybodus strictus Agassiz figs. Pl 10, figs 7-9
1837Hybodus strictus Agassiz p. 45
1854Asteracanthus semiverrucosus Egerton
1854Asteracanthus verrucosus Egerton
1889Hybodus strictus Woodward p. 275
1889Asteracanthus verrucosus Woodward p. 313
1916Hybodus strictus Woodward p. 13
1916Asteracanthus verrucosus Woodward p. 16
1916Asteracanthus semiverrucosus Woodward p. 17
1966Hybodontiformes Patterson
1977Hybodontiformes Herman p. 17
1978Hybodontiformes Case p. 180
1979Hybodontiformes Case p. 79
1981Hybodontoidea Thurmond and Jones p. 39
1981Hybodontoidea Zangerl p. 56
1987Hybodontiformes Maisey p. 4
1989Hybodontoidea Murry p. 253
1990Hybodontoidea Kindlimann p. 834
1993Hybodontoidea Biddle p. 196
1997Hybodontoidea Johns p. 30
1998Hybodontoidea Duffin p. 241
1998Hybodontoidea Mutter p. 517
2001Hybodontoidea Duffin
2002Hybodontoidea Chhabra and Mishra p. 152
2002Hybodontoidea Delsate et al. p. 8
2003Hybodontoidea Delsate p. 4
2004Hybodontoidea Duncan p. 419
2004Hybodontiformes Everhart
2004Hybodontoidea Everhart
2004Hybodontoidea Heckert p. 72
2004Hybodontoidea Yamagishi p. 567
2007Hybodontiformes Cahuzac et al. p. 9
2007Hybodontoidea Cahuzac et al. p. 9
2008Hybodontoidea Chrzastek p. 228
2008Hybodontoidea Rees and Underwood p. 120
2010Hybodontiformes Ginter et al. p. 89
2010Hybodontoidea Ginter et al. p. 89
2010Hybodontiformes Underwood and Cumbaa p. 906
2010Hybodontoidea Underwood and Cumbaa p. 906
2011Hybodontiformes Long p. 242
2012Hybodontiformes Soto et al.
2013Hybodontiformes Pinheiro et al.
2013Hybodontoidea Pinheiro et al.
2013Hybodontiformes Pla et al. p. 771
2013Hybodontoidea Pla et al. p. 771
2016Hybodontiformes Nelson et al. p. 55
2019Hybodontoidea Stumpf and Kriwet p. 640
2019Hybodontiformes van der Laan p. 39

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
RankNameAuthor
classChondrichthyes
infraclassElasmobranchii(Bonaparte 1838)
—Euselachii()
infraclassHybodonta
orderHybodontiformes(Patterson 1966)
orderHybodontiformes(Patterson 1966)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Hybodontiformes Patterson 1966
show all | hide all
G. †Cassisodus Ginter and Sun 2007
G. †Doratodus Schmid 1861
+
†Doratodus tricuspidatus Schmid 1861
G. †Hamiltonichthys Maisey 1989
+
†Hamiltonichthys mapesi Maisey 1989
G. †Hubeiodus Shang et al. 2008 [Hubei tooth]
+
†Hubeiodus ziguiensis Shang et al. 2008
Fm. †Hybodontidae Agassiz 1834
+
G. †Bdellodus Quenstedt 1882
+
†Bdellodus bollensis Quenstedt 1882
G. †Dicrenodus Romanowski 1853
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†Dicrenodus dentatus M'Coy 1848
G. †Egertonodus Maisey 1987
+
†Egertonodus basanus Egerton 1845
†Egertonodus duffini Rees and Underwood 2008
†Egertonodus fraasi Brown 1900
G. †Frangerodus Rees and Underwood 2008
+
†Frangerodus lingualis Woodward 1889
Subfm. †Hybodontinae Agassiz 1834
+
G. †Crassodus Maisch and Matzke 2016
+
†Crassodus reifi Maisch and Matzke 2016
G. †Heteroptychodus Yabe and Obata 1930
+
†Heteroptychodus kokutensis Cuny et al. 2010
†Heteroptychodus steinmanni Yabe and Obata 1930
G. †Hybodus Agassiz 1834
+
†Hybodus acutus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus aequitridentatus Cuny et al. 2008
†Hybodus angulatus Münster 1841
†Hybodus angustus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus antingensis Liu 1962
†Hybodus apicalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus aschersoni Stromer 1927
†Hybodus austiensis Davis 1881
†Hybodus bidentatus Rogovich 1861
†Hybodus brabanticus Leriche 1930
†Hybodus bugarensis Pla et al. 2013
†Hybodus carinatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus clarkensis Cragin 1894
†Hybodus copei Hay 1899
+
Invalid names: Hybodus regularis Cope 1891 [replaced]
†Hybodus crassispinus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus crassus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus curtus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus cuspidatus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus delabechei Charlesworth 1839
+
Invalid names: Hybodus pyramidalis Agassiz 1843 [synonym]
†Hybodus dimidiatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus dorsalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus dubius Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus ensatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus ensensis Woodward 1916
†Hybodus formosus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus grewingki Dalinkevičius 1935
†Hybodus hauffianus Fraas 1895
†Hybodus hexagonus Münster 1841
†Hybodus houtienensis Young 1940
†Hybodus inflatus Agassiz 1839
†Hybodus laeviusculus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus lawsoni Duff 1842
†Hybodus leptodus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus levis Woodward 1889
†Hybodus longiconus Agassiz 1838
+
Invalid names: Hybodus obliquus Agassiz 1834 [synonym]
†Hybodus mackrothi Geinitz 1861
†Hybodus major Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus marginalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus medius Agassiz 1838
†Hybodus microdus Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus mougeoti Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus multiconus Jaekel 1889
†Hybodus multiplicatus Jaekel 1889
†Hybodus nevadensis Wemple 1906
†Hybodus novus Henry 1876
†Hybodus obtusus Agassiz 1839
†Hybodus pinii Bassani 1886
†Hybodus pleiodus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus plicatilis Agassiz 1834
†Hybodus punctatus Davis 1881
†Hybodus rapax Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus raricostatus Agassiz 1838
†Hybodus reticulatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus sasseniensis Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus shastensis Wemple 1906
†Hybodus storeri Case 1978
†Hybodus striatulus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus subcarinatus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus sublaevis Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus sulcatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus tenuis Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus undulatus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus wyomingensis Case 1987
†Hybodus yohi Yang et al. 1984
†Hybodus zigongensis Peng et al. 2005
†Hybodus zuodengensis Yang et al. 1984
Invalid names: Cladodus curtus Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Leiacanthus Agassiz 1837 [synonym], Leptacanthus cornaliae Bellotti 1858 [nomen dubium], Meristodon Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Orthybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym], Parhybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym]
G. †Meristodonoides Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
+
†Meristodonoides butleri Thurmond 1971
†Meristodonoides multiplicatus Cicimurri et al. 2014
†Meristodonoides novojerseyensis Case and Cappetta 2004
G. †Planohybodus Rees and Underwood 2008
+
†Planohybodus ensis Woodward 1916
†Planohybodus grossiconus Agassiz 1843
†Planohybodus marki Pinheiro et al. 2013
†Planohybodus peterboroughensis Rees and Underwood 2008
G. †Miosynechodus Deraniyagala 1969
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†Miosynechodus mora Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Priohybodus d'Erasmo 1960
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†Priohybodus arambourgi d'Erasmo 1960
G. †Sphenonchus Agassiz 1843
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†Sphenonchus elongatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus hamatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus martini Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus obtusus Davis 1881
G. †Tribodus Brito and Ferreira 1989
+
†Tribodus limae Brito and Ferreira 1989
†Tribodus morlati Landemaine 1991
†Tribodus tunisiensis Cuny et al. 2004
Invalid names: Protohypolophites Landemaine 1991 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hybodus dewalquei Forir 1887 [nomen vanum]
+
†Mesodmodus explanatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus exsculptus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus ornatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Omanoselache Koot et al. 2013
+
†Omanoselache angiolinii Koot et al. 2013
†Omanoselache bucheri Cuny et al. 2001
†Omanoselache halli Koot and Cuny 2014
†Omanoselache hendersoni Koot et al. 2013
G. †Onychoselache Dick 1978
+
Fm. †Pseudodalatiidae Reif 1978
+
G. †Pseudodalatias Reif 1978
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†Pseudodalatias henarejensis Botella et al. 2009
G. †Reesodus Koot et al. 2013
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†Reesodus pectinatus Lebedev 1996
†Reesodus underwoodi Koot et al. 2013
†Reesodus wirksworthensis Duffin 1985
Fm. †Sphenacanthidae Maisey 1982
+
G. †Khuffia Koot et al. 2013
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†Khuffia lenis Koot et al. 2013
†Khuffia prolixa Koot et al. 2013
G. †Sphenacanthus Agassiz 1837
+
†Sphenacanthus costellatus Traquair 1884
†Sphenacanthus hybodioides Agassiz 1843
†Sphenacanthus hybodoides Newberry 1873
†Sphenacanthus marshi Newberry 1873
†Sphenacanthus riorastoensis Pauliv et al. 2012
†Sphenacanthus sanpauloensis Chahud et al. 2010
†Sphenacanthus serrulatus Agassiz 1837
G. †Xenosynechodus Glikman 1980
+
†Xenosynechodus egloni Glikman 1980
Invalid names: Xenosynechodontidae Glikman 1980 [synonym]
Fm. †Steinbachodontidae Reif 1980
+
G. †Steinbachodus Reif 1980
+
G. †Teresodus Koot et al. 2013
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†Teresodus amplexus Koot et al. 2013
Fm. †Thaiodontidae Cuny et al. 2008
+
G. †Thaiodus Cappetta et al. 1990
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†Thaiodus ruchae Cappetta et al. 1990
Invalid names: Hybodontoidea Agassiz 1834 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: nektonicc
Diet: carnivorec
Created: 2004-08-17 13:49:23
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:31:01
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023

Age range: base of the Frasnian to the top of the Messinian or 382.31000 to 5.33300 Ma

Collections (1102 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Devonian419.62 - 358.86USA (Kentucky) Asteracanthus siderius (87058)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation Hybodontidae indet. (133345 133350)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation (Komi Republic) Hybodontidae indet. (133351)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Russian Federation Sphenacanthus sp. (133361)
Tournaisian358.86 - 346.7Russian Federation Hybodontidae indet. (133363) Lissodus sp. (133364)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4United Kingdom Pristicladodus dentatus (132729)
Ivorian353.7 - 346.7Ireland (Meath) Lissodus sp. (90696)
Ivorian353.7 - 346.7Ireland (Kilkenny) Lissodus sp. (90695)
Arundian346.7 - 339.9United Kingdom (Scotland) Sphenacanthus costellatus, Onychoselache traquari (90682)
Visean346.7 - 330.3Russian Federation (Komi) Lissodus sp. (133366)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Mali (Kidal) Asteracanthus sp. (206855)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Niger (Tahoua) Asteracanthus aegyptiacus (48868 178660)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Lonchidion selachos (85499)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Niger Asteracanthus aegyptiacus (229528 229529)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Acrodus humilus (3113)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Australia (Victoria) Asteracanthus eocaenicus (122467)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Australia (Tasmania) Strophodus eocenicus (28307)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Sri Lanka (Puttalam) Miosynechodus mora (14149)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Australia (Victoria) Strophodus eocenicus (46167)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Australia (Victoria) Asteracanthus sp. (154112)