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Hybodontidae
Taxonomy
Hybodontes was named by Agassiz (1834). It was considered monophyletic by Soto et al. (2012), Pinheiro et al. (2013).
It was synonymized subjectively with Heterodontidae by Hay (1902); it was corrected as Hybodontidae by Leidy (1873), Estes (1964), Gardiner (1966), Sahni and Chhabra (1976), Herman (1977), Case (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Maisey (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Delsate and Duffin (1993), Biddle (1993), Delsate and Godefroit (1995), Duffin (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Chhabra and Mishra (2002), Murry and Kirby (2002), Underwood and Rees (2002), Delsate et al. (2002), Delsate (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Heckert (2004), Rees and Underwood (2008), Underwood and Cumbaa (2010), Ginter et al. (2010), Klug et al. (2010), Soto et al. (2012), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Maisch and Matzke (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Leidy (1873); to Heterodontiformes by Estes (1964); to Selachii by Sahni and Chhabra (1976); to Selachii by Case (1978); to Hybodontiformes by Maisey (1987); to Ctenacanthoidei by Herman (1977), Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Euselachii by Peng et al. (2001); to Hybodontiformes by Gardiner (1966), Delsate and Godefroit (1995), Soto et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019); and to Hybodontoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Delsate and Duffin (1993), Biddle (1993), Duffin (2001), Chhabra and Mishra (2002), Murry and Kirby (2002), Underwood and Rees (2002), Delsate et al. (2002), Delsate (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Heckert (2004), Rees and Underwood (2008), Underwood and Cumbaa (2010), Ginter et al. (2010), Klug et al. (2010), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Maisch and Matzke (2016), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019).
It was synonymized subjectively with Heterodontidae by Hay (1902); it was corrected as Hybodontidae by Leidy (1873), Estes (1964), Gardiner (1966), Sahni and Chhabra (1976), Herman (1977), Case (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Maisey (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Delsate and Duffin (1993), Biddle (1993), Delsate and Godefroit (1995), Duffin (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Chhabra and Mishra (2002), Murry and Kirby (2002), Underwood and Rees (2002), Delsate et al. (2002), Delsate (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Heckert (2004), Rees and Underwood (2008), Underwood and Cumbaa (2010), Ginter et al. (2010), Klug et al. (2010), Soto et al. (2012), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Maisch and Matzke (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Leidy (1873); to Heterodontiformes by Estes (1964); to Selachii by Sahni and Chhabra (1976); to Selachii by Case (1978); to Hybodontiformes by Maisey (1987); to Ctenacanthoidei by Herman (1977), Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Euselachii by Peng et al. (2001); to Hybodontiformes by Gardiner (1966), Delsate and Godefroit (1995), Soto et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019); and to Hybodontoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Delsate and Duffin (1993), Biddle (1993), Duffin (2001), Chhabra and Mishra (2002), Murry and Kirby (2002), Underwood and Rees (2002), Delsate et al. (2002), Delsate (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Heckert (2004), Rees and Underwood (2008), Underwood and Cumbaa (2010), Ginter et al. (2010), Klug et al. (2010), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Maisch and Matzke (2016), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019).
Subtaxa
Entered
by E. Leckey (authorized by J. Alroy) on 2004-02-03; modified by P. Elliott on 2013-10-27
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1873 | Hybodontidae Leidy p. 351 |
| 1887 | Hybodus dewalquei Forir |
| 1964 | Hybodontidae Estes p. 7 |
| 1966 | Hybodontidae Gardiner p. 44 |
| 1976 | Hybodontidae Sahni and Chhabra p. 220 |
| 1977 | Hybodontidae Herman p. 17 |
| 1978 | Hybodontidae Case p. 180 |
| 1981 | Hybodontidae Thurmond and Jones p. 40 |
| 1987 | Hybodontidae Maisey p. 4 |
| 1988 | Hybodontidae Case and Schwimmer p. 291 |
| 1993 | Hybodontidae Biddle p. 196 |
| 1993 | Hybodontidae Delsate and Duffin p. 109 |
| 1995 | Hybodontidae Delsate and Godefroit p. 26 |
| 2001 | Hybodontidae Duffin |
| 2001 | Hybodontidae Peng et al. p. 5 |
| 2002 | Hybodontidae Chhabra and Mishra p. 152 |
| 2002 | Hybodontidae Delsate et al. p. 9 |
| 2002 | Hybodontidae Murry and Kirby p. 88 |
| 2002 | Hybodontidae Underwood and Rees p. 84 |
| 2003 | Hybodontidae Delsate p. 4 |
| 2004 | Hybodontidae Heckert p. 72 |
| 2004 | Hybodontidae Yamagishi p. 568 |
| 2008 | Hybodontidae Rees and Underwood p. 120 |
| 2010 | Hybodontidae Ginter et al. p. 89 |
| 2010 | Hybodontidae Klug et al. pp. 243-244 |
| 2010 | Hybodontidae Underwood and Cumbaa p. 906 |
| 2012 | Hybodontidae Soto et al. |
| 2013 | Hybodontidae Pinheiro et al. |
| 2016 | Hybodontidae Maisch and Matzke p. 243 |
| 2016 | Hybodontidae Nelson et al. p. 56 |
| 2019 | Hybodontidae Stumpf and Kriwet p. 640 |
| 2019 | Hybodontidae van der Laan p. 39 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Hybodontidae Agassiz 1834
show all | hide all
G. †Egertonodus Maisey 1987
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†Egertonodus basanus Egerton 1845
†Egertonodus duffini Rees and Underwood 2008
†Egertonodus fraasi Brown 1900
Subfm. †Hybodontinae Agassiz 1834
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G. †Heteroptychodus Yabe and Obata 1930
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†Heteroptychodus kokutensis Cuny et al. 2010
†Heteroptychodus steinmanni Yabe and Obata 1930
G. †Hybodus Agassiz 1834
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†Hybodus acutus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus aequitridentatus Cuny et al. 2008
†Hybodus angulatus Münster 1841
†Hybodus angustus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus antingensis Liu 1962
†Hybodus apicalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus aschersoni Stromer 1927
†Hybodus austiensis Davis 1881
†Hybodus bidentatus Rogovich 1861
†Hybodus brabanticus Leriche 1930
†Hybodus bugarensis Pla et al. 2013
†Hybodus carinatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus clarkensis Cragin 1894
†Hybodus crassispinus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus crassus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus curtus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus cuspidatus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus dimidiatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus dorsalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus dubius Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus ensatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus ensensis Woodward 1916
†Hybodus formosus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus grewingki Dalinkevičius 1935
†Hybodus hauffianus Fraas 1895
†Hybodus hexagonus Münster 1841
†Hybodus houtienensis Young 1940
†Hybodus huangnidanensis Wang 1977
†Hybodus inflatus Agassiz 1839
†Hybodus laeviusculus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus lawsoni Duff 1842
†Hybodus leptodus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus levis Woodward 1889
†Hybodus mackrothi Geinitz 1861
†Hybodus major Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus marginalis Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus medius Agassiz 1838
†Hybodus microdus Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus mougeoti Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus multiconus Jaekel 1889
†Hybodus multiplicatus Jaekel 1889
†Hybodus nevadensis Wemple 1906
†Hybodus novus Henry 1876
†Hybodus obtusus Agassiz 1839
†Hybodus pinii Bassani 1886
†Hybodus pleiodus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus plicatilis Agassiz 1834
†Hybodus punctatus Davis 1881
†Hybodus rapax Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus raricostatus Agassiz 1838
†Hybodus reticulatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus sasseniensis Stensiö 1921
†Hybodus shastensis Wemple 1906
†Hybodus storeri Case 1978
†Hybodus striatulus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus subcarinatus Agassiz 1836
†Hybodus sublaevis Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus sulcatus Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus tenuis Agassiz 1837
†Hybodus undulatus Agassiz 1843
†Hybodus wyomingensis Case 1987
†Hybodus yohi Yang et al. 1984
†Hybodus zigongensis Peng et al. 2005
†Hybodus zuodengensis Yang et al. 1984
Invalid names: Cladodus curtus Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Leiacanthus Agassiz 1837 [synonym], Leptacanthus cornaliae Bellotti 1858 [nomen dubium], Meristodon Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Orthybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym], Parhybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym]
G. †Meristodonoides Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
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†Meristodonoides butleri Thurmond 1971
†Meristodonoides montanensis Case 1978
†Meristodonoides multiplicatus Cicimurri et al. 2014
†Meristodonoides novojerseyensis Case and Cappetta 2004
†Meristodonoides rajkovichi Case 2001
G. †Planohybodus Rees and Underwood 2008
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†Planohybodus ensis Woodward 1916
†Planohybodus grossiconus Agassiz 1843
†Planohybodus marki Pinheiro et al. 2013
†Planohybodus peterboroughensis Rees and Underwood 2008
G. †Sphenonchus Agassiz 1843
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†Sphenonchus elongatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus hamatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus martini Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus obtusus Davis 1881
G. †Tribodus Brito and Ferreira 1989
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†Tribodus limae Brito and Ferreira 1989
†Tribodus morlati Landemaine 1991
†Tribodus tunisiensis Cuny et al. 2004
Invalid names: Protohypolophites Landemaine 1991 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hybodus dewalquei Forir 1887 [nomen vanum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Collections (548 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frasnian | Russian Federation | Hybodontidae indet. (133345 133350) | |
| Frasnian | Russian Federation (Komi Republic) | Hybodontidae indet. (133351) | |
| Tournaisian | Russian Federation | Hybodontidae indet. (133363) | |
| Mississippian | United Kingdom | Pristicladodus dentatus (132729) | |
| Visean | China (Gansu) | Hybodontidae indet. (120301) | |
| Virgilian - Asselian | Argentina | Hybodus sp. (119028) | |
| Asselian | Russian Federation | Hybodontidae indet. (133281) | |
| Cisuralian | USA (Texas) | Hybodus regularis (132969) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (Kansas) | Hybodus sp. (130781 130789 130814) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Hybodus sp. (220872) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Hybodus montanensis (69153 69177 69250 69253 177498) Hybodus montanensis, Hybodus storeri (69161) Hybodus sp. (14434 14457 14462 14490) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Delaware) | Hybodus sp. (126600 126810) | |
| Campanian - Maastrichtian | Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) | Hybodus sp. (38682) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Hybodus sp. (57916) Hybodus sp. 1 (14504 213744 213745) Hybodus sp. 2, Hybodus sp. 1 (213746) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Hybodus sp. 1 (213747) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Meristodonoides sp. (55363) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Carolina) | Hybodus sp. 1 (71488) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Hybodus sp. (213592) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Maryland) | Hybodus sp. (83331) | |
| Langhian | Sri Lanka (Puttalam) | Miosynechodus mora (14149) | |