PBDB Collection

Karikal (Pliocene of India)

Also known as 58 N/13, A.1-2, B.1-2

Where: India (10.9° N, 79.8° E: paleocoordinates 9.3° N, 79.4° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From unknown lithostratigraphic unit (not stated in text) and hence lithostratigraphic relationships are unknown. AGE: Pliocene, based on faunal correlations with other assemblages of the Middle East, Pakistan, India and Indonesia.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Siliciclastic facies. No other environmenta data reported in text.

• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, assumed given apparent excellent preservation of specimens, and large collection.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTOR: Unknown. REPOSITORY: Presumably BMNH.

Primary reference: F. E. Eames. 1950. On the ages of certain Upper Tertiary beds of Peninsula India and Ceylon. Geological Magazine 87:233-252 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77658: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 16.01.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Limited to representative forms of gastropoda and bivalvia. NOMENCLATURE: Not an authoritative publication and somewhat antiquated, though nevertheless, consistent use of subgenera and species-resolution assignments permit nomenclatural vetting.

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Paracluthurella mirostriata Paracluthurella mirostriata
Scaphopoda
Dentaliida - Dentaliidae	"Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme "Dentalium (Tesseracme) proteiforme" = Tesseracme tusk shell
Bivalvia
Nuculanida - Nuculanidae	"Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella "Nuculana (Saccella) inaequirugata" = Saccella pointed nut clam
Nuculida - Nuculidae	Nucula phayreiana Nucula phayreiana nut clam
Ostreida - Gryphaeidae	"Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis "Ostrea (Lopha) hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis Linnaeus 1758 Honeycomb Oyster
Ostreida - Ostreidae	"Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea "Ostrea (Cubitostrea) karikalensis" = Cubitostrea oyster
Pectinida - Pectinoidae	"Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten, Pecten vexilloides, "Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria, Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis "Chlamys (Aequipecten) martini" = Aequipecten scallop Pecten vexilloides scallop "Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria Gmelin 1791 scallop Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis Martin 1909 scallop INCLUDES: Chlamys (Aequipecten) tjaringinensis karikalensis
Arcida - Cucullaeidae	Cucullaea martini, Cucullaea pectunculina Cucullaea martini clam Cucullaea pectunculina clam
Arcida - Arcidae	Anadara tambacana, Anadara craticulata, "Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea, "Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca Anadara tambacana Martin 1883 ark Anadara craticulata Nyst 1848 ark "Anadara ferruginea" = Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea Reeve 1844 rusty ark "Anadara (Scapharca) bonneti" = Scapharca clam
Arcida - Noetiidae	"Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana "Arcopsis bataviana" = Arcopsis (Arcopsis) bataviana Martin 1883 clam
Arcida - Glycymerididae	Glycymeris bonneti, Glycymeris crenatocinctus Glycymeris bonneti clam Glycymeris crenatocinctus clam
Pholadida - Corbulidae	Corbula bonneti, Corbula laterugata, "Corbula socialis" = Corbula (Anisocorbula) socialis, Corbula (Varicorbula) pachymorpha Corbula bonneti clam Corbula laterugata clam "Corbula socialis" = Corbula (Anisocorbula) socialis Martin 1879 clam Corbula (Varicorbula) pachymorpha clam
Cardiida - Cardiidae	Trachycardium yokoyamai, Loxocardium karikalense Trachycardium yokoyamai cockle Loxocardium karikalense cockle
Cardiida - Tellinidae	Macoma erycinoides, Tellina (Moerella) bonneti Macoma erycinoides tellin clam Tellina (Moerella) bonneti tellin clam
Cardiida - Psammobiidae	Gari noetlingi Gari noetlingi clam
Cardiida - Solecurtidae	Azorinus abbreviatus Azorinus abbreviatus clam
Cardiida - Glossidae	Meiocardia metavulgaris Meiocardia metavulgaris clam
Cardiida - Veneridae	"Cyprimeria" nepotina, "Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea, Sunetta dautzenbergi, "Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita), "Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina, Timoclea semiradiata, Timoclea "sp. A", Clausinella karikalensis "Cyprimeria" nepotina venus clam "Clementia papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea Gray 1825 venus clam Sunetta dautzenbergi venus clam "Circe (Circenita) tivelinoides" = Gouldia (Circenita) venus clam "Macrocallista (Costacallista) erycina" = Costacallista erycina Linnaeaus 1758 venus clam Timoclea semiradiata venus clam Timoclea "sp. A" Brown 1827 venus clam Clausinella karikalensis venus clam
Lucinida - Lucinidae	Divaricella rapa, "Lucina (Pleurolucina) inopinata" = Linga (Pleurolucina), Phacoides micropteryx, Lucina martini, Calvilucina (Monitilora) bonneti Divaricella rapa clam "Lucina (Pleurolucina) inopinata" = Linga (Pleurolucina) clam Phacoides micropteryx clam Lucina martini clam Calvilucina (Monitilora) bonneti clam
Carditida - Crassatellidae	"Crassinella" radiata, "Crassatina" bonneti, "Crassatina" pachyrhytidea, "Eucrassatella" caudifera "Crassinella" radiata clam "Crassatina" bonneti clam INCLUDES: "Crassatina" bonneti marwicki "Crassatina" pachyrhytidea clam "Eucrassatella" caudifera clam
Carditida - Carditidae	"Venericardia martini" = Purpurocardia titirangiensis, Venericardia bonneti, Venericardia oligopleura, Venericardia phyletica, Venericardia solitaria "Venericardia martini" = Purpurocardia titirangiensis Marwick 1943 clam Venericardia bonneti clam Venericardia oligopleura clam Venericardia phyletica clam Venericardia solitaria clam
Gastropoda
Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae	Scaphander panaulax Scaphander panaulax snail
Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae	Lemintina javana Lemintina javana worm shell
Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae	"Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira, Polinices martini, Polinices melanostomus, Sinum (Sigaretotrema) aratulum, "Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius, Natica forskali, Natica sp., Natica rostalina "Polinices (Euspira) globosus" = Euspira moon snail Polinices martini moon snail Polinices melanostomus Gmelin 1791 moon snail Sinum (Sigaretotrema) aratulum moon snail "Natica (Naticarius) prosthenoglossa" = Naticarius moon snail Natica forskali moon snail Natica sp. Scopoli 1777 moon snail Natica rostalina Jenkins 1864 moon snail
Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae	Rissoina bonneti Rissoina bonneti snail
Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae	"Strombus karikalensis" = Strombus (Laevistrombus) karikalensis, Tibia fusus "Strombus karikalensis" = Strombus (Laevistrombus) karikalensis Cossmann 1903 conch Tibia fusus true conch
Sorbeoconcha - Rostellariidae	Dientomochilus margaritae, "Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata Dientomochilus margaritae snail "Dientomochilus cancellatus" = Varicospira cancellata Lamarck 1816 snail
Neogastropoda -	Kaweka bonneti Kaweka bonneti snail
Neogastropoda - Marginellidae	"Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea, "Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea, "Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum "Marginella (Eratoidea) bonneti" = Eratoidea margin shell "Marginella (Eratoidea) karikalensis" = Eratoidea margin shell "Marginella (Prunum) oligoptycha" = Prunum margin shell
Neogastropoda - Cystiscidae	Gibberula cuneata, Gibberula glandina, Gibberula (Closia) tectiformis Gibberula cuneata snail Gibberula glandina snail Gibberula (Closia) tectiformis snail
Neogastropoda - Muricidae	Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti, Muricopsis diarti, ""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene, Cymia sacellum, "Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) Murex (Tubicauda) bonneti Cossman 1903 murex snail Muricopsis diarti murex snail ""Xymenella" infratabulata" = Xymene murex snail Cymia sacellum Chemntiz 1788 murex snail "Typhis (Laevityphis) tetragoniatus" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) murex snail
Neogastropoda - Mitridae	Mitra (Tiara) flammea, Pterygia (Columbellopsis) simplex, Mitra (Tiara) circulata Mitra (Tiara) flammea Quoy 1832 mitre shell Pterygia (Columbellopsis) simplex mitre shell Mitra (Tiara) circulata mitre shell
Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae	Sveltia (Aneurystoma) morgani, Trigonostoma bonneti, Trigonostoma tjibaliungense, Trigonostoma crispatum, "Merica asperella" = Cancellaria (Merica), "Merica verbeeki" = Cancellaria (Merica) Sveltia (Aneurystoma) morgani snail Trigonostoma bonneti snail Trigonostoma tjibaliungense snail Trigonostoma crispatum Sowerby 1855 snail "Merica asperella" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail "Merica verbeeki" = Cancellaria (Merica) snail
Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae	Glyphostoma bicrenata, Glyphostoma costicrenata, Glyphostoma karikalensis Glyphostoma bicrenata snail Glyphostoma costicrenata snail Glyphostoma karikalensis snail
Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae	""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia), ""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia) ""Mangelia" quadricarinata" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail ""Mangilia" houdasi" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail
Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae	"Turricula javana" = Turricula, "Turricula nellii" = Turricula, ""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula "Turricula javana" = Turricula snail "Turricula nellii" = Turricula snail ""Surcula" streptopleura" = Turricula snail
Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae	"Asthenotoma" terebralis "Asthenotoma" terebralis snail
Neogastropoda - Turridae	"Brachytoma sacra" = Tylotiella sacra, Perrona unisulcata, Turris (Hemipleurotoma) cingulferus "Brachytoma sacra" = Tylotiella sacra Reeve 1845 turrid Perrona unisulcata Cossmann 1900 turrid Turris (Hemipleurotoma) cingulferus turrid
Neogastropoda - Conidae	"Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus" = Conasprella (Fusiconus) vimineus, Conus (Lithoconus) maldivus, Conus (Lithoconus) ngavianus, Conus (Lithoconus) litteratus, Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus, Conus (Leptoconus) aulacophorus, Conus (Leptoconus) cosmetulus, Conus (Leptoconus) karikalensis, Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti, Conus (Dendroconus) quercinus "Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus" = Conasprella (Fusiconus) vimineus Reeve 1849 cone shell SUBSPECIES: Conus (Leptoconus) vimineus subvimineus Conus (Lithoconus) maldivus cone shell Conus (Lithoconus) ngavianus cone shell Conus (Lithoconus) litteratus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell Conus (Dendroconus) figulinus Linnaeus 1758 cone shell Conus (Leptoconus) aulacophorus cone shell Conus (Leptoconus) cosmetulus cone shell Conus (Leptoconus) karikalensis cone shell Conus (Leptoconus) bonneti Cossmann 1900 cone shell Conus (Dendroconus) quercinus Solander 1786 cone shell
Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae	"Raphitoma" crenicostata "Raphitoma" crenicostata snail
Neogastropoda - Terebridae	Duplicaria mariesi, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia, Terebra (Myruella) cingulifera Duplicaria mariesi auger snail "Terebra (Strioterebrum) continuicosta" = Strioterebrum auger snail "Terebra (Strioterebrum) karikalensis" = Strioterebrum auger snail "Terebra (Strioterebrum) vredenburgi" = Strioterebrum auger snail "Terebra (Strioterebrum) intermedia" = Strioterebrum intermedia Vredenburg 1921 auger snail Terebra (Myruella) cingulifera auger snail
Neogastropoda - Olividae	Oliva (Neocyclindrus) irisans, Olivancillaria gibbosa, "Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola, "Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla, Ancilla (Alocospira) tornata Oliva (Neocyclindrus) irisans olive snail Olivancillaria gibbosa olive snail "Olivancillaria (Anazola) acuminata" = Anazola olive snail "Ancilla (Sparellina) candida" = Ancilla ampla Gmelin 1791 olive snail Ancilla (Alocospira) tornata olive snail
Neogastropoda - Nassariidae	"Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata, Nassarius francoindicus, "Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia), ""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia), Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki, "Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus, "Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus, Nassaria mekranica "Cyllene varians" = Cyllene fuscata Adams 1851 snail Nassarius francoindicus snail "Nassarius (Hinia) colpophorus" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail ""Hinia" karikalensis" = Nassarius (Hinia) snail Nassarius (Telasco) verbeeki Martin 1895 snail "Nassarius (Amyclina) dimorphus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus Bruguiére 1789 snail "Nassarius (Niotha) gemmulatus" = Nassarius (Niotha) variegatus Adams 1851 snail Nassaria mekranica snail
Neogastropoda - Buccinidae	Babylonia spirata, Babylonia (Peridipsaccus) occlusa, Nassarius (Hebra) bonneti, Phos (Fax) macrostomus, Cantharus tranquebaricus, ""Austrosipho" heptozodes" = Penion Babylonia spirata Linnaeus 1758 true whelk Babylonia (Peridipsaccus) occlusa true whelk Nassarius (Hebra) bonneti Cossmann 1901 true whelk Phos (Fax) macrostomus true whelk Cantharus tranquebaricus Gmelin 1791 true whelk ""Austrosipho" heptozodes" = Penion true whelk
Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae	""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki, Fusinus perplexus ""Clavilithes" verbeeki" = Mancorus verbeeki Martin 1895 snail Fusinus perplexus snail
Neogastropoda - Columbellidae	"Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia) "Atilia crassicostata" = Mitrella (Atilia) snail
Neogastropoda - Turbinellidae	"Xancus pirum" = Turbinella, ""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer), "Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer) "Xancus pirum" = Turbinella snail ""Afer" couderti" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail "Afer macrospira" = Tudivasum (Afer) snail
Neogastropoda - Costellariidae	Vexillum (Costellaria) lirocostatum Vexillum (Costellaria) lirocostatum ribbed mitre
Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae	Ficus reticulata Ficus reticulata fig shell
Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae	"Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare "Argobuccinum (Ranella) bitubercularis" = Gyrineum bituberculare Lamarck 1816 triton shell
Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae	"Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis, "Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis "Phalium (Semicassis) bonneti" = Semicassis snail "Phalium (Semicassis) sculptum" = Semicassis snail
Sorbeoconcha - Personidae	"Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis "Distorsio reticulatum" = Distorsio reticularis Linnaeus 1767 snail SUBSPECIES: Distorsio reticulatum cancellinum
Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae	"Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus "Tugurium calculiferum" = Onustus carrier shell
Sorbeoconcha - Capulidae	Capulus bonneti Capulus bonneti snail
Vanikoroidea - Vanikoridae	Vanikoro rhytidozodes Vanikoro rhytidozodes snail
Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae	Niso marmorata, Melanella grandis Niso marmorata snail Melanella grandis snail
Cerithioidea - Turritellidae	Protoma eudeli, "Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti, "Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator, "Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator Protoma eudeli turret shell "Turritella (Zaria) angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Vredenburg 1928 turret shell "Turritella (Haustator) eucosmeta" = Haustator turret shell "Turritella (Haustator) trifunis" = Haustator turret shell
Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae	"Clava bonneti" = Rhinoclavis, Hemicerithium inopinatum "Clava bonneti" = Rhinoclavis cerith snail Hemicerithium inopinatum cerith snail
Cerithioidea - Potamididae	Cerithidea gibbosula, Cerithidea trifunata Cerithidea gibbosula horn snail Cerithidea trifunata horn snail
Cerithioidea - Thiaridae	"Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia) "Plotia balteata" = Thiara (Plotia) snail
Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae	"Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus), Sigapatella subcentralis "Crucibulum (Bicatillus) conulatum" = Calyptraea (Bicatillus) slipper shell Sigapatella subcentralis slipper shell
Pseudomelanoidea - Pseudomelaniidae	Crassispira adelomorpha, Crassispira ferenuda, Crassispira karikalensis, Crassispira sinensis Crassispira adelomorpha snail Crassispira ferenuda snail Crassispira karikalensis snail Crassispira sinensis snail
Ptenoglossa - Vasidae	"Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla "Tudicula spirilla" = Tudicla snail
Trochoidea - Trochidae	"Calliostoma" discrytum, Calliostoma inaequiliratum "Calliostoma" discrytum top snail Calliostoma inaequiliratum top snail
Trochoidea - Solariellidae	Solariella amblygoniata, Solariella distinguenda, "Solariella" kaikalensis, "Solariella" pachyzodes Solariella amblygoniata snail Solariella distinguenda snail "Solariella" kaikalensis snail "Solariella" pachyzodes snail INCLUDES: "Solariella" pachyzodes bonneti
Heterostropha - Acteonidae	Pupa bonneti, Pupa solidula Pupa bonneti snail Pupa solidula Linnaeus 1758 snail
Heterostropha - Ringiculidae	Ringicula (Ringiculella) bonneti Ringicula (Ringiculella) bonneti snail
Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae	Syrnola karikalensis Syrnola karikalensis snail
Heterostropha - Architectonicidae	Architectonica karikalensis, "Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Architectonica karikalensis sundial "Architectonica affine" = Architectonica affinis Sowerby 1840 sundial [entered as Architectonica affinis]
Heterostropha - Mathildidae	Mathilda bonneti Mathilda bonneti snail