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Mephitidae (skunk)
Taxonomy
Mephitidae was named by Bonaparte (1845). It is extant.
It was assigned to Musteloidea by Wang and Qiu (2004); to Arctoidea by Wang and Carranza-Castaneda (2008); and to Mustelida by Wang et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Musteloidea by Wang and Qiu (2004); to Arctoidea by Wang and Carranza-Castaneda (2008); and to Mustelida by Wang et al. (2014).
Subtaxa
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2007-07-18; modified by J. Marcot on 2014-08-18
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1845 | Mephitidae Bonaparte |
| 2004 | Mephitidae Wang and Qiu |
| 2008 | Mephitidae Wang and Carranza-Castaneda p. 388 |
| 2014 | Mephitidae Wang et al. p. 292 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Mephitidae Bonaparte 1845 [skunk]
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G. †Brachyprotoma Brown 1908
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†Brachyprotoma obtusata Cope 1899 [short-faced skunk]
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Invalid names: Brachyprotoma brevimala Heaton 1985 [synonym], Brachyprotoma pristina Brown 1908 [synonym], Brachyprotoma putorius Hay 1923 [synonym], Brachyprotoma spelaea Brown 1908 [synonym]
G. †Buisnictis Hibbard 1950
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†Buisnictis burrowsi Skinner and Hibbard 1972
†Buisnictis metabatos Wang et al. 2014
†Buisnictis schoffi Hibbard 1954
G. Conepatus Gray 1837 [hog-nosed skunk]
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†Conepatus altiramus Reig 1952
Conepatus chinga Molina 1782 [Molina's hog-nosed skunk]
†Conepatus cordubensis Ameghino 1889
Conepatus humboldtii Gray 1837 [Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk]
Conepatus leuconotus Lichtenstein 1832 [eastern hog-nosed skunk]
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Invalid names: Mephitis mesoleucus Lichtenstein 1832 [synonym]
†Conepatus mercedensis Ameghino 1875
†Conepatus primaevus Burmeister 1864
†Conepatus robustus Martin 1978
†Conepatus sanmiguelensis Wang and Carranza-Castaneda 2008
Conepatus semistriatus Boddaert 1785 [striped hog-nosed skunk]
Conepatus suffocans Illiger 1811
†Conepatus talarae Churcher and Van Zyll de Jong 1965
Invalid names: Thiosmus Lichtenstein 1838 [synonym]
G. †Martinogale Hall 1930
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†Martinogale alveodens Hall 1930
†Martinogale chisoensis Stevens and Stevens 2003
†Martinogale faulli Wang et al. 2005
†Martinogale nambiana Cope 1874
Subfm. Mephitinae Bonaparte 1845 [skunk]
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G. Mephitis Cuvier 1800
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Mephitis macroura Lichtenstein 1832
Mephitis mephitis Schreber 1776 [striped skunk]
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Invalid names: Mephitis frontata Coues 1875 [synonym], Mephitis mesomelas Lichtenstein 1832 [synonym], Mephitis occidentalis Baird 1858 [synonym], Mephitis putida Cuvier 1798 [synonym], Viverra mephitica Shaw 1792 [synonym], Viverra nigra Peale and Palisot de Beauvois 1786 [synonym]
†Mephitis orthrostica Cope 1896
†Mephitis rexroadensis Hibbard 1952
Invalid names: Chincha Lesson 1842 [synonym]
G. Mydaus Cuvier 1821
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Mydaus javanensis Desmarest 1820 [Sunda stink badger]
Mydaus marchei Huet 1887 [Palawan stink badger]
G. †Osmotherium Cope 1896
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†Osmotherium spelaeum Cope 1896
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Invalid names: Mephitis fodiens Hall 1936 [synonym], Mephitis fossidens Cope 1896 [synonym], Mephitis leptops Cope 1899 [synonym], Mephitis orthostichus Cope 1896 [synonym], Pelycictis lobulatus Cope 1896 [synonym]
G. †Promephitis Gaudry 1861
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†Promephitis alexejewi Schlosser 1924
†Promephitis brevirostris Meladze 1967
†Promephitis hootoni Senyurek 1954
†Promephitis larteti Gaudry 1861
†Promephitis maeotica Alexejew 1916
†Promephitis majori Pilgrim 1933
†Promephitis malustenensis Simionescu 1930
†Promephitis maxima He and Huang 1991
†Promephitis parvus Wang and Qiu 2004
†Promephitis pristinidens Petter 1963
†Promephitis qinensis Wang and Qiu 2004
G. Spilogale Gray 1865
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Spilogale angustifrons Howell 1902 [southern spotted skunk]
Spilogale gracilis Merriam 1890 [western spotted skunk]
Spilogale interrupta Rafinesque 1820 [prairie spotted skunk]
Spilogale leucoparia Merriam 1890 [desert spotted skunk]
†Spilogale microdens Dalquest 1978
Spilogale putorius Linnaeus 1758 [eastern spotted skunk]
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Invalid names: Galera perdicida [synonym], Mephitis quaterlinearis Winans 1859 [synonym], Spilogale ambarvalis Bangs 1898 [synonym], Spilogale indianola Merriam 1890 [synonym], Spilogale marylandensis Gidley and Gazin 1933 [synonym], Spilogale pedroensis Gazin 1942 [synonym]
Spilogale pygmaea Thomas 1898
†Spilogale rexroadi Hibbard 1941
Spilogale yucatanensis Burt 1938 [Yucatán spotted skunk]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 3 to the top of the Holocene or 20.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 16.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 16.9 Ma
Collections (177 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| MN 3 | Germany (Bavaria) | Miomephitis pilgrimi (68040) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Pliogale sp. (18275 18442) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Oklahoma) | Mephitinae indet. (18130) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Pliogale manka (18483) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (California) | Martinogale sp. (19322 19323) | |
| Vallesian | Spain (Segovia) | Mephitinae indet. (40768) | |
| Tortonian | Ukraine | Promephitis maeotica (75800) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Gansu) | Promephitis parvus (236747) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Attica) | Promephitis lartetii (182754) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Thessaly) | Promephitis lartetii (194879) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Aegean) | Promephitis larteti (202120) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Mephitinae indet. (18201) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (California) | Martinogale faulli (163573) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | Martinogale alveodens (18140) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Jalisco) | Conepatus sanmiguelensis (18745 189790) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Conepatus sanmiguelensis (18718) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nevada) | Pliogale furlongi (19095) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Mephitinae indet. (18093) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | Buisnictis schoffi (18076) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Brachyopsigale dubius, Buisnictis schoffi, Martinogale alveodens (18126 18359) Martinogale alveodens, Pliogale furlongi (35430) | |