Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Ponginae was named by Elliot (1913). It is extant.
It was assigned to Pongidae by Pilbeam et al. (1977); and to Hominidae by Andrews (1992), Cameron (1997), Kelley (2002), Chaimanee et al. (2003), Chaimanee et al. (2004) and Jaeger et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pongidae by Pilbeam et al. (1977); and to Hominidae by Andrews (1992), Cameron (1997), Kelley (2002), Chaimanee et al. (2003), Chaimanee et al. (2004) and Jaeger et al. (2011).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1913 | Ponginae Elliot |
1977 | Ponginae Pilbeam et al. p. 695 |
1992 | Ponginae Andrews p. 641 |
1997 | Ponginae Cameron |
2002 | Ponginae Kelley |
2003 | Ponginae Chaimanee et al. p. 62 |
2004 | Ponginae Chaimanee et al. p. 439 |
2011 | Ponginae Jaeger et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Ponginae Elliot 1913
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Tr. †Hispanopithecini Cameron 1997
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G. †Hispanopithecus Villalta and Crusafont-Pairó 1955
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Subg. †Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus) Villalta and Crusafont-Pairó 1944
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†Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus) crusafonti Begun 1992
†Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus) hungaricus Kretzoi 1969
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Invalid names: Dryopithecus brancoi Schlosser 1901 [synonym]
†Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus) laietanus Comella and Crusafont-Pairó 1944
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Invalid names: Dryopithecus laietanus Villalta and Crusafont-Pairó 1944 [synonym]
G. †Khoratpithecus Chaimanee et al. 2004
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†Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis Jaeger et al. 2011
†Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis Chaimanee et al. 2003
†Khoratpithecus piriyai Chaimanee et al. 2004
Tr. Pongini
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G. Pongo Lacépède 1799 [orangutan]
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Pongo abelii Lesson 1827 [Sumatran orangutan]
†Pongo hooijeri Schwartz et al. 1995
Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus 1760 [Bornean orangutan]
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†Pongo pygmaeus ciochoni Schwartz et al. 1995
†Pongo pygmaeus devosi Schwartz et al. 1995
†Pongo pygmaeus fromageti Schwartz et al. 1995
Pongo pygmaeus morio Owen 1837
†Pongo pygmaeus kahlkei Schwartz et al. 1995
Pongo tapanuliensis Nater et al. 2017
Tr. †Sivapithecini
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G. †Sivapithecus Pilgrim 1910
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†Sivapithecus parvada Kelley 1988
†Sivapithecus punjabicus Pilgrim 1910
†Sivapithecus simsoni Kay 1982
Invalid names: Ankarapithecus Ozansoy 1965 [synonym], Palaeopithecus Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium], Ramapithecus Lewis 1934 [synonym], Sivapithecus sivalensis Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Ramapithecidae Simonetta 1957 [invalid subgroup], Ramapithecinae Simonetta 1957 [invalid subgroup], Sivapithecinae [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Lufengpithecini Kelley 2002 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Langhian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 15.97000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma
Collections (37 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Langhian | Kenya (Nyanza) | Sivapithecus sp., Ramapithecus wickeri (21339) | |
Langhian | Kenya | Ramapithecus wickeri (22069 22078) | |
MN 5 | Turkey (Bursa) | Sivapithecus darwini, Ramapithecus wickeri (68547) | |
Middle Miocene | Nepal | Sivapithecus punjabicus (48666) | |
Middle Miocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Sivapithecus simonsi, Sivapithecus indicus, Sivapithecus sivalensis (11797) | |
Serravallian | Kenya (Central Nyanza) | Ramapithecus wickeri (21340) | |
Tortonian | China (Yunnan) | Sivapithecus lufengensis, Ramapithecus lufengensis (11798) | |
Tortonian | Myanmar (Magway) | Ponginae indet. (224698) | |
Tortonian | Myanmar | Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis (110964) Khoratpithecus sp. (110965) | |
Vallesian | Spain (Catalonia) | Hispanopithecus laietanus (193498) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis (188839) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | India (Gujarat) | Sivapithecus sp. (197656) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) | Khoratpithecus sp. (144187) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Pakistan | Sivapithecus indicus (11800 32144) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Thailand (Nakorn Ratchasima) | Khoratpithecus piriyai (67172) | |
MN 9 | Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) | Dryopithecus brancoi (75481) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guangxi) | Gigantopithecus blacki (230325) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) | Ponginae indet., Gigantopithecus blacki (214689) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guanxi) | Gigantopithecus sp. (230994) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Hubei) | Gigantopithecus sp. (36208) | |
Pleistocene | Vietnam (Bac Thai) | Pongo pygmaeus (107998) | |
Middle Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Pongo sp. (40341 120834) | |
Middle Pleistocene | China (Guizhou) | Pongo sp. (51100) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Vietnam (Lang Son) | Pongo sp., Pongo hooijeri, Pongo pygmaeus, Gigantopithecus blacki (92781) | |
Middle Pleistocene | China (Guangxi) | Gigantopithecus sp. (38649) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Vietnam | Gigantopithecus sp., Pongo sp., Pongo pygmaeus (108001) Pongo hooijeri (107995) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Pongo pygmaeus (13293) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Vietnam (Thanh Hoa) | Pongo pygmaeus (107999 108000) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Vietnam | Pongo pygmaeus (107996 107997) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Indonesia | Pongo pygmaeus (93524) |