PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Homiphoca

Mammalia - Carnivora - Phocidae

Taxonomy

Homiphoca was named by Muizon and Hendey (1980).

It was assigned to Lobodontina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Phocidae by Berta (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Berta (2009), Werdelin and Peigne (2010) and Avery and Klein (2011); to Lobodontini by Muizon and Hendey (1980), Muizon (1981), Muizon (1982), Koretsky (2001), Koretsky and Barnes (2008), Fulton and Strobeck (2010), Amson and Muizon (2013), Govender (2018) and Berta et al. (2018); and to Monachinae by Rice (1998), Koretsky and Ray (2008), Berta (2017), Dewaele et al. (2018), Berta (2018), Kienle and Berta (2019), Hafed et al. (2023) and Hafed et al. (2024).

Species

H. capensis, H. murfreesi

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1980	Homiphoca Muizon and Hendey p. 94
1981	Homiphoca Muizon p. 135
1982	Homiphoca Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1997	Homiphoca McKenna and Bell p. 260
1998	Homiphoca Rice
2001	Homiphoca Koretsky p. 87
2002	Homiphoca Berta p. 923
2003	Homiphoca Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2008	Homiphoca Koretsky and Barnes p. 552
2008	Homiphoca Koretsky and Ray p. 118
2009	Homiphoca Berta p. 863
2010	Homiphoca Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2010	Homiphoca Werdelin and Peigne p. 647
2011	Homiphoca Avery and Klein p. 16
2013	Homiphoca Amson and Muizon
2017	Homiphoca Berta p. 157
2018	Homiphoca Berta p. 715 figs. Fig. 3C
2018	Homiphoca Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2018	Homiphoca Dewaele et al. p. 12
2018	Homiphoca Govender p. 2
2019	Homiphoca Kienle and Berta
2023	Homiphoca Hafed et al.
2024	Homiphoca Hafed et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
infraorder	Canoidea	(Simpson 1931)
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
—	Panpinnipedia	Wolsan et al. 2020
—	Pinnipedimorpha
—	Pinnipedia	()
superfamily	Phocoidea	Smirnov 1908
family	Phocidae	()
subfamily	Monachinae
genus	Homiphoca

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Homiphoca Muizon and Hendey 1980

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†Homiphoca capensis Hendey and Repenning 1972

†Homiphoca murfreesi Hafed et al. 2023

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
A. B. Hafed et al. 2023	Similar to morphology of Monachus mandible but unlike those of Lobodontini (Muizon De and Hendey 1980). Mandibular symphy- sis thick, oval in outline, its long axis inclined dorsoventrally; premolars distinct from those of Monachus, being lower-crowned, relatively narrower, and with pronounced lingual expansion of cingulum (unlike in Monachus); small accessory cusps present on premolars. Additional diagnostic characters described by Govender (2018) include single-rooted first premolar and double-rooted p2- m1, similar character also observed in SAM-PQHB-1038, ‘E’ Quarry Homiphoca, aff. Homiphoca (Lee Creek Mine), Hadrokirus, Pliophoca, Acrophoca, Sarcodectes magnus, Piscophoca, Monachus, and Ross (Ommatophoca rossii), Weddell (Leptonychotes weddellii), leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx), and crabea- ter (Lobodon carcinophaga) seals.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteuc

Ontogeny:

modification of partsuc

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

amphibiousuc

Diet:

piscivoref

Diet 2:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparousuc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-06-08 12:11:09

Source: f = family, c = class, uc = unranked clade

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Gingerich 2003, Carreño and Cronin 1993

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Hemphillian to the top of the Early/Lower Pliocene or 10.30000 to 3.60000 Ma

Collections (19 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene	23.03 - 2.588	South Africa	H. capensis (22220 22228 22229)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (Maryland)	H. sp. (221449)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	South Africa	H. capensis (22219)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Zanclean	10.3 - 3.6	USA (Florida)	H. capensis (18535)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	USA (Virginia)	H. capensis (179732)
Messinian - Piacenzian	7.246 - 2.588	South Africa (Cape)	Prionodelphis capensis (59167)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Spain	Homiphoca indet. (197273)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Spain (Huelva)	H. sp. (200406)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	South Africa	H. capensis (115226)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	South Africa	H. capensis (22221 22222 22227 195017) H. sp. (100313)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	USA (North Carolina)	H. capensis (52582)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	South Africa	H. capensis (74791)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	USA (North Carolina)	H. murfreesi (123861)