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Sphenophalos

Mammalia - Antilocapridae

Taxonomy
Sphenophalos was named by Merriam (1909). Its type is Sphenophalos nevadanus.

It was assigned to Antilocapridae by Merriam (1909) and Carroll (1988); and to Antilocaprinae by Janis and Manning (1998).

Species
S. garciae, S. middleswarti, S. nevadanus (type species)

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1909Sphenophalos Merriam
1988Sphenophalos Carroll
1998Sphenophalos Janis and Manning p. 498

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyAntilocapridae
subfamilyAntilocaprinae
genusSphenophalos

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Sphenophalos Merriam 1909
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†Sphenophalos garciae Webb 1973
†Sphenophalos middleswarti Barbour and Schultz 1941
†Sphenophalos nevadanus Merriam 1909
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Diet 2: grazerf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:51:41
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Late/Upper Miocene or 10.30000 to 5.33300 Ma

Collections (16 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Clarendonian - Pliocene12.5 - 2.588USA (Nebraska) S. middleswarti (18030)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Oregon) S. sp. (154947)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oregon) S. sp. (18806 18833 18935 18936 19015)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) S. middleswarti (18086)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nevada) S. nevadanus (19095)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) S. sp. (19419 19479 19480)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Arizona) S. nevadanus (19612)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Antilocapra garciae (18573 18595)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) S. sp. (19604)