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Antilocapridae (pronghorn)

Mammalia - Antilocapridae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1866Antilocapridae Gray p. 325
1883Antilocapridae Flower p. 185
1891Antilocapridae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1902Antilocapridae Hay p. 686
1908Antilocapridae Matthew p. 561
1910Antilocapridae Gregory p. 466
1911Antilocapridae Jaekel p. 234
1934Antilocapridae Cook p. 161
1980Antilocapridae Kurten and Anderson p. 319
1988Antilocapridae Carroll
1991Antilocapridae Nowak
2003Antilocapridae Hassanin and Douzery
2007Antilocapridae Davis p. 229
2008Antilocapridae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2
2009Antilocapridae Spaulding et al.
2013Antilocapridae Bravo-Cuevas et al. p. 604

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyAntilocapridae
familyAntilocapridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Antilocapridae Gray 1866 [pronghorn]
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G. Antilocapra Ord 1818 [pronghorn]
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Antilocapra americana Ord 1815 [pronghorn]
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Invalid names: Neomeryx finni Parks 1925 [synonym]
†Antilocapra pacifica Richards and McCrossin 1991
Subfm. †Antilocaprinae Gray 1866
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G. †Capromeryx Matthew 1902
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†Capromeryx arizonensis Skinner 1942
†Capromeryx furcifer Matthew 1902
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Invalid names: Capromeryx minimus Meade 1942 [synonym]
†Capromeryx gidleyi Frick 1937
†Capromeryx mexicana Furlong 1925
†Capromeryx minor Taylor 1911
†Capromeryx tauntonensis Morgan and Morgan 1995
Invalid names: Breameryx Furlong 1946 [synonym], Dorcameryx [synonym]
G. †Ceratomeryx Gazin 1935
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†Ceratomeryx prenticei Gazin 1935
G. †Hexobelomeryx Furlong 1941
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†Hexobelomeryx fricki Furlong 1941
G. †Osbornoceros Frick 1937
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†Osbornoceros osborni Frick 1937
G. †Ottoceros Miller and Downs 1974
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†Ottoceros peacevalleyensis Miller and Downs 1974
G. †Proantilocapra Barbour and Schultz 1934
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†Proantilocapra platycornea Barbour and Schultz 1934
G. †Sphenophalos Merriam 1909
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†Sphenophalos garciae Webb 1973
†Sphenophalos middleswarti Barbour and Schultz 1941
†Sphenophalos nevadanus Merriam 1909
Tr. †Stockoceratini Frick 1937
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G. †Stockoceros Skinner 1942
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†Stockoceros conklingi Stock 1930
†Stockoceros onusrosagris Roosevelt and Burden 1934
G. †Tetrameryx Lull 1921
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†Tetrameryx irvingtonensis Stirton 1939
†Tetrameryx knoxensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1960
†Tetrameryx mooseri Dalquest 1974
†Tetrameryx shuleri Lull 1921
†Tetrameryx tacubayensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975
G. †Hayoceros Skinner 1942
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†Hayoceros barbouri Skinner 1942
†Hayoceros falkenbachi Frick 1937
G. †Hexameryx White 1941
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†Hexameryx simpsoni White 1941
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Invalid names: Hexameryx elmorei White 1942 [synonym]
G. †Ilingoceros Merriam 1909
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†Ilingoceros alexandrae Merriam 1909
†Ilingoceros schizoceras Merriam 1911
G. †Merriamoceros Frick 1937
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†Merriamoceros coronatus Merriam 1913
Subfm. †Merycodontinae Matthew 1904
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G. †Cosoryx Leidy 1869
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Subg. †Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) Frick 1937
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†Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) sabulonis Matthew and Cook 1909
Subg. †Cosoryx (Subcosoryx) Frick 1937
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Subg. †Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) Frick 1937
†Cosoryx furcatus Leidy 1869
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†Cosoryx furcatus mooki Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Cosoryx agilis Douglass 1899 [synonym], Cosoryx burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Cosoryx ilfonsensis Frick 1937
G. †Ramoceros Frick 1937
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Subg. †Ramoceros (Merriamoceros) Frick 1937
†Ramoceros osborni Matthew 1904
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Invalid names: Ramoceros (Paramoceros) howardae Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros (Paramoceros) kansanus Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros hitchcockensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Ramoceros ramosus Cope 1874
G. †Merycodus Leidy 1854
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†Merycodus crucensis Frick 1937
†Merycodus hookwayi Furlong 1934
†Merycodus joraki Frick 1937
†Merycodus major Frick 1937
†Merycodus minimus Frick 1937
†Merycodus minor Frick 1937
†Merycodus necatus Leidy 1854
†Merycodus sabulonis Matthew and Cook 1909
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Invalid names: Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) savaronis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Merycodus tehuanus Cope 1877
†Merycodus warreni Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Meryceros nenzelensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dicrocerus Cope 1875 [synonym], Meryceros Frick 1937 [synonym], Merycodus prodromus Cook 1934 [nomen dubium]
G. †Paracosoryx Frick 1937
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†Paracosoryx alticornis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx dawesensis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx furlongi Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx loxoceros Furlong 1934
†Paracosoryx nevadensis Merriam 1911
†Paracosoryx wilsoni Frick 1937
G. †Plioceros Frick 1937
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†Plioceros blicki Frick 1937
†Plioceros dehlini Frick 1937
†Plioceros floblairi Frick 1937
G. †Submeryceros Frick 1937
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†Submeryceros crucianus Frick 1937
G. †Texoceros Frick 1937
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†Texoceros altidens Matthew 1924
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Invalid names: Capromeryx texanus Hesse 1935 [synonym], Dorcameryx optimae Reed and Longnecker 1928 [synonym]
†Texoceros edensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros guymonensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros minorei Frick 1937
†Texoceros vaughani Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosorycinae Frick 1937 [empty], Ramocerotinae Frick 1937 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Diet 2: grazerf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999; diet of fossil antilocaprids was similar according to Janis and Manning 1998f
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:51:41
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Harrisonian to the top of the Holocene or 24.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma

Collections (611 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03USA (Wyoming) Antilocapridae indet. (91212)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Merycodus prodromus (17737)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Kansas) Cosoryx furcatus (18122) Plioceros sp. (18044)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Arizona) Antilocapridae indet. (19385) Merycodus sp. (19355)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Washington) Antilocapridae indet. (18903)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx furcatus (18210 18238) Meryceros warreni (18025) Merycodus sp. (18313 18350 18436) Merycodus warreni (18354) Plioceros dehlini (18136 18274) Plioceros sp. (18296) Ramoceros howardae (18195)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Oregon) Merycodus sp. (18865 18955)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nevada) Antilocapridae indet. (19040 19048 19050 19129) Merycodus nevadensis (18922) Merycodus sp. (18836 18837 18838)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Texas) Antilocapridae indet. (18103)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Wyoming) Antilocapridae indet. (18407)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (California) Capromeryx altidens (19376) Merycodontinae indet. (19442) Merycodus necatus (19441) Merycodus sp. (19428 19583 19606)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Colorado) Antilocapridae indet. (19008) Merycodus sp. (18310 18874)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Montana) Cosoryx sp. (18897) Merriamoceros sp., Paracosoryx sp. (18969) Merycodus necatus (18966) Merycodus sp. (18812 18919) Sphenophalos blicki (18869 18931 19067)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (South Dakota) Merycodus furcatus (18084 18085 18183 18380 18383 18384) Merycodus sp. (18064 18081 18185 18385)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (New Mexico) Merycodus sabulonis (19388)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (California) Merycodus sp. (19586)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Nebraska) Cosoryx dawesensis (17917) Cosoryx sp. (17897 17984) Cosoryx wilsoni, Merycodus sabulonis (17961) Meryceros minor (18000) Merycodontinae indet. (17907 17915 17990) Merycodus sabulonis (17920) Merycodus wilsoni (17991)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Wyoming) Antilocapridae indet. (19082 19083) Antilocapridae indet., Cosoryx wilsoni (18873) Meryceros sp. (17957) Merycodus sabulonis (19074 19081) Merycodus sabulonis, Cosoryx wilsoni (19073 19075 19078)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (New Mexico) Merycodus sabulonis (19434)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Nevada) Cosoryx wilsoni (18962)