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Taxonomy
Muntiacini was named by Pockock (1923). It is extant.
It was reranked as the subfamily Muntiacinae by Dong et al. (2003) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008).
It was assigned to Cervinae by Grubb (2000); to Plesiometacarpalia by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); and to Cervidae by Dong et al. (2003) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008).
It was reranked as the subfamily Muntiacinae by Dong et al. (2003) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008).
It was assigned to Cervinae by Grubb (2000); to Plesiometacarpalia by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); and to Cervidae by Dong et al. (2003) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1923 | Muntiacini Pockock |
| 2000 | Muntiacini Grubb p. 302 |
| 2003 | Muntiacinae Dong et al. p. 485 |
| 2003 | Muntiacini Hassanin and Douzery p. 223 |
| 2008 | Muntiacinae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Tr. Muntiacini Pockock 1923
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G. †Eostylocerus Zdansky 1925
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†Eostylocerus blainvillei Zdansky 1925
†Eostylocerus hezhengensis Deng et al. 2014
†Eostylocerus triangularis Zdansky 1925
G. †Euprox Stehlin 1928
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†Euprox altus Wang and Zhang 2011
†Euprox furcatus Hensel 1859
†Euprox grandis Hou 2015
†Euprox robustus Dong et al. 2003
G. Muntiacus Rafinesque 1815 [muntjak]
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Muntiacus atherodes Groves and Grubb 1982 [Bornean yellow muntjac]
†Muntiacus bohlini Teilhard de Chardin 1940
Muntiacus crinifrons Sclater 1885
Muntiacus feae Thomas and Doria 1889 [Fea's muntjac]
†Muntiacus fenghoensis Chow 1956
Muntiacus gongshanensis Ma 1990 [Gongshan muntjac]
†Muntiacus lacustris Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus leilaoensis Dong et al. 2004
Muntiacus montanus Robinson and Kloss 1918 [Sumatran muntjac]
Muntiacus moschatus Blainville 1816
Muntiacus muntjak Rafinesque 1815
Muntiacus muntjak nigripes Allen 1930
†Muntiacus nanus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus noringenensis Dong 2007
Muntiacus puhoatensis Trai 1997 [Puhoat muntjac]
Muntiacus putaoensis Amato et al. 1999 [leaf deer]
Muntiacus reevesi Ogliby 1839
Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood 1932 [Roosevelt's muntjac]
Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao and Tuoc 1998 [Truong Son muntjac]
Muntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994 [Large-antlered muntjac]
†Muntiacus zhaotongensis Dong et al. 2014
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 4 to the top of the Holocene or 16.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Collections (78 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | Austria | Euprox furcatus (63085) | |
| Miocene | France | Euprox furcatus (200296) | |
| MN 4 | Spain (Catalonia) | Euprox minimus (176265) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Bayern) | Euprox sp. (44977 45599 45612) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Euprox furcatus (42588 42595 42596) | |
| Middle Miocene | Austria (Carinthia) | Euprox furcatus (34606) | |
| Middle Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Euprox altus (230437) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | Euprox furcatus (190754) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Spain (Catalonia) | Euprox sp. (199537) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Euprox sp. (28781) | |
| MN 6 | Germany (Bayern) | Euprox sp. (45610 45614) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Switzerland (Baselland) | Euprox furcatus (49421) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Spain | Euprox sp. (70806) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Spain (Cataluña) | Euprox furcatus (92640) | |
| Sarmatian | Russian Federation (Adygea) | Euprox sp. (207770) | |
| Tortonian | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus sp., Muntiacus nanus (11798) | |
| Tortonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Muntiacini indet., Euprox furcatus (206345) | |
| Vallesian | Spain (Catalonia) | Euprox dicranocerus (176268) Euprox sp. (38975) | |
| Vallesian | Spain (Segovia) | Euprox dicranoceros (40768) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Italy (Cuneo) | Euprox sp. (175903) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Qinghai) | Muntiacus noringenensis (230324) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Euprox robustus (78223 78224 78225) Muntiacus zhaotongensis (230332) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Gansu) | Eostylocerus hezhengensis (230430) Euprox grandis (230438) | |
| Baodean | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus leilaoensis (127187) Muntiacus sp. (183982) | |
| Turolian | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus sp. (44219 44220 44221 44222 44224) Muntiacus sp., Muntiacus nanus (44223) | |
| Turolian | China (Gansu) | Muntiacus lacustris (42675) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Euprox sp. (172910 172914 172915 172916 199859 199860) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Moldova | Eostylocerus sp., Muntjaccus sp., Muntjaccus pliocaenicus (198590) | |
| Pliocene | China (Henan) | Muntiacus lacustris (46194) | |
| Pliocene | Romania | Muntiacus polonicus (39627) | |
| MN 14 | Ukraine | Muntiacus pliocaenicus (50908) | |
| Villanyian | Slovakia | Muntiacus sp. (41027) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) | Muntiacus lacustris (214689) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guangxi) | Muntiacus sp. (230325) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Hunan) | Muntiacus sp. (36819) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Indonesia | Muntiacus muntjak (93520 93522) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Anhui) | Muntiacus nanus (68380) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus sp. (78193) | |
| Pleistocene | Taiwan (N/A) | Muntiacus sp., Muntiacus bohlini (208978) | |
| Pleistocene | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus lacustris (36587) Muntiacus nanus (36583) | |
| Pleistocene | China (Jiangxi) | Muntiacus sp. (35923) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Vietnam (Lang Son) | Muntiacus muntjac (92781) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | China (Guizhou) | Muntiacus sp. (51100) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Indonesia (Jawa Timur) | Muntiacus muntjak (93521) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Muntiacus muntjak (120834) Muntiacus sp. (40341) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Muntiacus reevesi (13293) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Taiwan | Muntiacus sp. (223322) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Thailand | Muntiacus muntjak (176213 176214) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | China (Hubei) | Muntiacus muntjak, Muntiacus reevesi, Elaphodus cephalophus (92787) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Indonesia | Muntiacus muntjak (93524) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Sichuan) | Muntiacus muntiacus (34679) | |
| Holocene | Vietnam | Muntiacus muntjak (32904) | |
| Holocene | Indonesia (Java) | Muntiacus muntjak (13738) |