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Tyrannosauroidea
Taxonomy
Tyrannosauroidea was named by Walker (1964). It is not extant. Its type is Tyrannosaurus.
It was assigned to Carnosauria by Charig (1967); to Carnosauria by Walker (1964), Kuhn (1966), Haubold (1971), Bonaparte et al. (1990); to Tyrannoraptora by Sereno (1999); to Maniraptoriformes by Sereno (1998), Hutt et al. (2001); to Coelurosauria by Holtz (2004), Xu et al. (2004), Xu et al. (2006); and to Coelurosauria by Rauhut (2003), Senter (2007), Rauhut et al. (2010), Loewen et al. (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Williamson and Brusatte (2014).
It was assigned to Carnosauria by Charig (1967); to Carnosauria by Walker (1964), Kuhn (1966), Haubold (1971), Bonaparte et al. (1990); to Tyrannoraptora by Sereno (1999); to Maniraptoriformes by Sereno (1998), Hutt et al. (2001); to Coelurosauria by Holtz (2004), Xu et al. (2004), Xu et al. (2006); and to Coelurosauria by Rauhut (2003), Senter (2007), Rauhut et al. (2010), Loewen et al. (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Williamson and Brusatte (2014).
Subtaxa
Alectrosaurus, Appalachiosaurus, Calamosaurus, Chingkankousaurus, Coeluridae (syn. Coelurosauridae), Deinodon, Dilong, Diplotomodon (syn. Tomodon), Dryptosaurus (syn. Laelaps), Eotyrannus, Gualicho, Jinbeisaurus, Juratyrant, Khankhuuluu, Moros, Proceratosauridae, Raptorex, Santanaraptor, Stokesosaurus, Suskityrannus, Teihivenator, Theroplantigrada, Timimus, Timurlengia, Tomodon horrificus, Tyrannosauridae (syn. Deinodontidae), Tyrannosaurus lanpingensis, Xiongguanlong
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1856 | Deinodon Leidy pp. 72-73 |
1856 | Deinodon horridus Leidy pp. 72-73 |
1857 | Megalosaurus (Deinodon) horridus Leidy p. 90 |
1860 | Deinodon Leidy p. 143 |
1860 | Deinodon horridus Leidy p. 143 |
1865 | Tomodon Leidy p. 102 fig. 35 |
1865 | Tomodon horrificus Leidy pp. 102-103 fig. 35 |
1865 | Tomodon Leidy p. 119 |
1868 | Aublysodon horridus Cope |
1868 | Dinodon horridus Leidy p. 197 |
1868 | Diplotomodon Leidy p. 202 |
1868 | Diplotomodon horrificus Leidy p. 202 |
1870 | Aublysodon horridus Cope p. 120 |
1870 | Diplotomodon Cope p. 120ff |
1870 | Diplotomodon horrificus Cope p. 120ff |
1874 | Aublysodon horridus Cope p. 26 |
1875 | Aublysodon horridus Cope p. 249 |
1877 | Aublysodon horridus Cope p. 572 |
1890 | Diplotomodon Zittel p. 727 |
1899 | Deinodon horridus Hay p. 347 |
1901 | Megalosaurus horridus Nopcsa p. 201 |
1902 | Diplotomodon Hay p. 473 |
1902 | Diplotomodon horrificus Hay p. 473 |
1902 | Deinodon Hay p. 488 |
1902 | Deinodon horridus Hay p. 488 |
1902 | Deinodon Lambe p. 49 |
1902 | Deinodon horridus Lambe p. 49 |
1903 | Deinodon horridus Lambe p. 137 |
1904 | Deinodon horridus Lambe p. 6 |
1905 | Deinodon horridus Lambe p. 23 |
1905 | Deinodon Lambe p. 48 |
1905 | Deinodon Osborn p. 259 |
1905 | Deinodon horridus Osborn p. 259 |
1909 | Deinodon Huene p. 15 |
1909 | Diplotomodon Huene p. 16 |
1911 | Deinodon von Zittel p. 281 |
1911 | Diplotomodon von Zittel p. 283 |
1914 | Deinodon Brown p. 377 |
1914 | Deinodon horridus Brown p. 378 |
1920 | Deinodon Gilmore p. 122 |
1922 | Deinodon horridus Matthew and Brown pp. 377-379 |
1922 | Deinodon Matthew and Brown p. 378 |
1924 | Deinodon Lull p. 231 |
1926 | Dinodon Huene p. 101 |
1927 | Deinodon Huene p. 259 |
1927 | Deinodon horridus Huene p. 260 |
1930 | Deinodon Hay p. 176 |
1930 | Deinodon horridus Hay p. 177 |
1930 | Diplotomodon Hay p. 264 |
1930 | Diplotomodon horrificus Hay p. 264 |
1930 | Deinodon Russell p. 142 |
1930 | Deinodon horridus Russell p. 142 |
1939 | Deinodon Kuhn p. 78 |
1939 | Deinodon horridus Kuhn p. 78 |
1946 | Deinodon Gilmore pp. 16-17 |
1946 | Deinodon horridus Gilmore p. 17 |
1954 | Diplotomodon McDowell and Bogert p. 132 |
1958 | Chingkankousaurus Young p. 101 fig. 44 |
1958 | Chingkankousaurus fragilis Young p. 101 fig. 44 |
1962 | Diplotomodon horrificas Miller p. 196 |
1964 | Deinodon horridus Russell p. 10 |
1964 | Deinodon Tatarinov p. 540 |
1964 | Deinodon horridus Tatarinov p. 540 |
1964 | Deinodon Walker p. 128 |
1964 | Tyrannosauroidea Walker p. 128 |
1966 | Tyrannosauroidea Kuhn p. 93 |
1966 | Chingkankonsaurus Romer p. 369 |
1967 | Tyrannosauroidea Charig p. 714 |
1967 | Chingkankousaurus Charig p. 715 |
1967 | Chingkankousaurus fragilis Charig p. 715 |
1970 | Chingkankousaurus Steel p. 31 |
1970 | Chingkankousaurus fragilis Steel p. 31 |
1970 | Deinodon Steel p. 40 |
1970 | Deinodon horridus Steel p. 41 |
1971 | Tyrannosauroidea Haubold p. 75 |
1973 | Deinodon Powell p. 118 |
1975 | Tyrannosaurus lanpingensis Yeh |
1978 | Chingkankousaurus Dong et al. |
1980 | Chinkankousaurus fragilis Chao |
1980 | Deinodon Wolberg p. 42 |
1980 | Deinodon horridus Wolberg p. 42 |
1986 | Tyrannosaurus lanpingensis Hao p. 20 |
1986 | Tyrannosaurus lanpingi Zhao p. 70 |
1988 | Chingkankousaurus Carroll |
1990 | Tyrannosauroidea Bonaparte et al. p. 40 |
1990 | Chingkankousaurus Molnar et al. p. 190 |
1990 | Chingkankousaurus fragilis Molnar et al. p. 190 |
1992 | Tarbosaurus lanpingensis Olshevsky p. 138 |
1998 | Tyrannosauroidea Sereno p. 65 |
1999 | Tyrannosauroidea Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2 |
2001 | Tyrannosauroidea Hutt et al. p. 229 |
2003 | Tyrannosauroidea Rauhut p. 149 |
2004 | Tyrannosauroidea Holtz, Jr. p. 112 |
2004 | Tyrannosauroidea Xu et al. p. 680 |
2006 | Tyrannosauroidea Xu et al. p. 717 fig. 3 |
2007 | Tyrannosauroidea Senter p. 437 |
2010 | Tyrannosauroidea Rauhut et al. p. 183 fig. 23 |
2013 | Tyrannosauroidea Loewen et al. p. 2 |
2014 | Tyrannosauroidea Hendrickx and Mateus |
2014 | Tyrannosauroidea Williamson and Brusatte p. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Tyrannosauroidea Walker 1964
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Fm. †Coeluridae Marsh 1881 [coelurid]
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Invalid names: Coeluridae Nopcsa 1901 [empty], Coelurosauridae Cope 1882 [synonym]
G. †Dryptosaurus Marsh 1877
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†Dryptosaurus aquilunguis Cope 1866
Invalid names: Laelaps Cope 1866 [synonym]
Fm. †Proceratosauridae Rauhut et al. 2010
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G. †Theroplantigrada Casanovas Cladellas et al. 1993
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†Theroplantigrada encisensis Casanovas Cladellas et al. 1993
Fm. †Tyrannosauridae Osborn 1906 [tyrannosaurid]
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Subfm. †Albertosaurinae Currie et al. 2003
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G. †Albertosaurus Osborn 1905 [Alberta lizard]
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†Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn 1905
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Invalid names: Albertosaurus arctunguis Parks 1928 [synonym]
G. †Gorgosaurus Lambe 1914
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†Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe 1914
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Invalid names: Dryptosaurus kenabekides Hay 1899 [synonym], Gorgosaurus sternbergi Matthew and Brown 1922 [synonym], Laelaps falculus Cope 1876 [synonym], Laelaps hazenianus Hay 1902 [synonym], Laelaps incrassatus Cope 1876 [synonym]
Subfm. †Tyrannosaurinae Matthew and Brown 1922 [tyrannosaurine]
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Tr. †Alioramini Lü et al. 2014
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G. †Qianzhousaurus Lü et al. 2014
Unr. †Daspletosaurini Voris et al. 2020
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G. †Daspletosaurus Russell 1970
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†Daspletosaurus horneri Carr et al. 2017
†Daspletosaurus torosus Russell 1970
†Daspletosaurus wilsoni Warshaw and Fowler 2022
Unr. †Teratophoneini Scherer and Voiculescu-Holvad 2024
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G. †Labocania Molnar 1974
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†Labocania aguillonae Rivera-Sylva and Longrich 2024
†Labocania anomala Molnar 1974
Tr. †Tyrannosaurini Olshevsky et al. 1995
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G. †Tarbosaurus Maleev 1955
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†Tarbosaurus bataar Maleev 1955
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Invalid names: Albertosaurus periculosus Riabinin 1930 [synonym], Gorgosaurus lancinator Maleev 1955 [synonym], Gorgosaurus novojilovi Maleev 1955 [synonym], Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Dong 1977 [synonym], Tarbosaurus efremovi Maleev 1955 [synonym], Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Dong 1979 [synonym]
Invalid names: Jenghizkhan Olshevsky 1995 [synonym], Maleevosaurus Carpenter 1992 [synonym], Shanshanosaurus Dong 1977 [synonym]
G. †Tyrannosaurus Osborn 1905 [tyrant lizard]
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†Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis Dalman et al. 2024
†Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905 [tyrant lizard king]
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Invalid names: Albertosaurus megagracilis Paul 1988 [synonym], Aublysodon molnaris Paul 1988 [synonym], Dynamosaurus imperiosus Osborn 1905 [synonym], Manospondylus gigas Cope 1892 [synonym], Nanotyrannus lancensis Gilmore 1946 [synonym], Tyrannosaurus imperator Paul et al. 2022 [synonym], Tyrannosaurus regina Paul et al. 2022 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dinotyrannus Olshevsky 1995 [synonym], Dynamosaurus Osborn 1905 [synonym], Manospondylus Cope 1892 [synonym], Nanotyrannus Bakker et al. 1988 [synonym], Stygivenator Olshevsky 1995 [synonym], Tyrannosauripus Lessertisseur 1955 [nomen nudum], Tyrannosaurus turpanensis Zhai et al. 1978 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Shanshanosaurinae Olshevsky 1995 [synonym], Tarbosaurini Olshevsky et al. 1995 [empty], Tyrannosaurus zhuchengensis Hu et al. 2001 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Tyrannosauripodidae McCrea et al. 2014
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Invalid names: Aublysodon Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Deinodontidae Brown 1914 [synonym], Ornithomimus grandis Marsh 1890 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Chingkankousaurus Young 1958 [nomen nudum], Deinodon Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Diplotomodon Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Tomodon horrificus Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Tyrannosaurus lanpingensis Yeh 1975 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995, Kiessling 2004, Benton 1983 |
Collections (594 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Aalenian - Bajocian | China (Sichuan) | Coeluridae indet. (140257) | |
Bathonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Kileskus aristotocus, Dromaeosauridae indet. (61891) | |
Bathonian | Madagascar (Mahajanga) | Tyrannosauroidea indet. (55391 55393) | |
Middle Bathonian - Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Megalosaurus bradleyi (45883) | |
Callovian | Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) | Coeluridae indet. (37596) | |
Oxfordian | China (Xinjiang) | Guanlong wucaii (58489) | |
Kimmeridgian | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Tyrannosauroidea indet. (213293) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (New Mexico) | Coeluridae indet. (192449) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (South Dakota) | Stokesosaurus clevelandi (49631) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Coelurosauridae indet. (39370) Stokesosaurus clevelandi (12816) Stokesosaurus sp., Stokesosaurus clevelandi (240960) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Gorgosaurus lancensis (54002) Tyrannosauridae indet. (85498 85499) Tyrannosaurus rex (48847 48848) Tyrannosaurus rex, Albertosaurus lancensis (60766) Tyrannosaurus rex, Dromaeosauridae indet. (38544) Tyrannosaurus sp. (55353) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (New Mexico) | Tyrannosauripus pillmorei (53155) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Deinodontidae indet. (165887) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Tyrannosaurus rex (45126 45138 45141 45146 45312) Tyrannosaurus sp. (231466) | |
Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Alioramus altai (113009) Coeluridae indet. (37019) Coeluroidea indet. (38022) Deinodontidae indet. (37010 37011 38024) Gorgosaurus lancinator (73437) Gorgosaurus novojilovi (165580) Tarbosaurus bataar (13108 37020 38023 38695 69801 179625 180681 180684 180699 180700 180710) Tarbosaurus efremovi, Tyrannosaurus bataar (51972) Tarbosaurus sp. (37007 55257 55258 100268 126797 127670 127671 127674 127679 127681 127682 168809 168810 180680 180682 180812 180813 220943 241750) Theropoda indet. (100266) Tyrannosauridae indet. (37006 38696 38702 38703 108344) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Coelosaurus antiquus (129265) Dryptosaurus sp. (57915) | |
Maastrichtian | Mexico (Sonora) | Tyrannosauridae indet., Tyrannosaurus sp. (155214) | |
Maastrichtian | Portugal (Coimbra) | Coeluridae indet. A, Coeluridae indet. B, Coeluridae indet. C (49276) | |
Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Bayankhongor) | Tarbosaurus sp., Alioramus remotus (91909) | |
Maastrichtian | China (Guangdong) | Tyrannosauroidea indet. (235705 235706) |