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Compsognathidae (compsognathid)
Taxonomy
Compsognathidae was named by Cope (1871). Its type is Compsognathus. It was considered monophyletic by Gishlick and Gauthier (2007).
It was reranked as the subfamily Compsognathidae by Nopcsa (1901); it was synonymized subjectively with Coeluridae by Romer (1956), Romer (1966), Steel (1970) and Casamiquela (1975).
It was assigned to Compsognatha by Dollo (1884); to Megalosauria by Baur (1891); to Compsognatha by Sauvage (1882), Vetter (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Marsh (1895) and Marsh (1896); to Coeluridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Saurischia by Arldt (1909) and Huene (1909); to Plateosauria by Tornier (1913); to Symphypoda by Cope (1871), Cope (1875) and Matthew and Brown (1922); to Coelurosauroidea by Nopcsa (1928); to Coelurosauria by Kuhn (1946); to Coeluria by Kuhn (1966); to Coeluroidea by Tatarinov (1964) and Maleev (1968); to Coelurosauria by Roxo (1937) and Bonaparte (1980); to Theropoda by Zittel (1890), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), McIntosh (1981) and Thulborn (1984); to Compsognathia by Paul (1988); to Theropoda by Lydekker (1888), von Zittel (1911), Bidar et al. (1972), Ostrom (1978) and Carroll (1988); to Maniraptoriformes by Peyer (2004); to Maniraptora by Holtz (2000) and Hwang et al. (2004); to Coelurosauria by Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Matthew (1915), Huene (1920), Nopcsa (1923), Lull (1924), Huene (1926), Huene (1929), Huene (1933), Stromer (1934), Huene (1948), Huene (1959), Ostrom (1980), Barsbold (1983), Zinke (1998), Sereno (1999), Currie and Chen (2001), Holtz et al. (2004), Naish et al. (2004) and Peyer (2006); and to Coelurosauria by Holtz (1998), Göhlich et al. (2006), Gishlick and Gauthier (2007), Rauhut et al. (2010), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) and Xing et al. (2020).
It was reranked as the subfamily Compsognathidae by Nopcsa (1901); it was synonymized subjectively with Coeluridae by Romer (1956), Romer (1966), Steel (1970) and Casamiquela (1975).
It was assigned to Compsognatha by Dollo (1884); to Megalosauria by Baur (1891); to Compsognatha by Sauvage (1882), Vetter (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Marsh (1895) and Marsh (1896); to Coeluridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Saurischia by Arldt (1909) and Huene (1909); to Plateosauria by Tornier (1913); to Symphypoda by Cope (1871), Cope (1875) and Matthew and Brown (1922); to Coelurosauroidea by Nopcsa (1928); to Coelurosauria by Kuhn (1946); to Coeluria by Kuhn (1966); to Coeluroidea by Tatarinov (1964) and Maleev (1968); to Coelurosauria by Roxo (1937) and Bonaparte (1980); to Theropoda by Zittel (1890), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), McIntosh (1981) and Thulborn (1984); to Compsognathia by Paul (1988); to Theropoda by Lydekker (1888), von Zittel (1911), Bidar et al. (1972), Ostrom (1978) and Carroll (1988); to Maniraptoriformes by Peyer (2004); to Maniraptora by Holtz (2000) and Hwang et al. (2004); to Coelurosauria by Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Matthew (1915), Huene (1920), Nopcsa (1923), Lull (1924), Huene (1926), Huene (1929), Huene (1933), Stromer (1934), Huene (1948), Huene (1959), Ostrom (1980), Barsbold (1983), Zinke (1998), Sereno (1999), Currie and Chen (2001), Holtz et al. (2004), Naish et al. (2004) and Peyer (2006); and to Coelurosauria by Holtz (1998), Göhlich et al. (2006), Gishlick and Gauthier (2007), Rauhut et al. (2010), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) and Xing et al. (2020).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1871 | Compsognathidae Cope p. 234 |
1875 | Compsognathidae Cope p. 13 |
1882 | Compsognathidae Sauvage p. 36 |
1884 | Compsognathidae Dollo p. 298 |
1884 | Compsognathidae Marsh p. 69 |
1884 | Compsognathidae Vetter p. 363 |
1885 | Compsognathidae Marsh p. 765 |
1888 | Compsognathidae Lydekker p. 156 |
1890 | Compsognathidae Zittel p. 733 |
1891 | Compsognathidae Baur p. 450 |
1895 | Compsognathidae Marsh |
1896 | Compsognathidae Marsh p. 240 |
1901 | Compsognathidae Nopcsa p. 195 |
1902 | Compsognathidae Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxv |
1909 | Compsognathidae Arldt p. 261 |
1909 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 15 |
1911 | Compsognathidae von Zittel p. 282 |
1913 | Compsognathidae Tornier p. 368 |
1914 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 37 |
1915 | Compsognathidae Matthew p. 32 |
1920 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 162 |
1922 | Compsognathidae Matthew and Brown p. 381 |
1923 | Compsognathidae Nopcsa p. 125 |
1924 | Compsognathidae Lull p. 232 |
1926 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 98 |
1928 | Compsognathidae Nopcsa p. 183 |
1929 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 270 |
1933 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 59 |
1934 | Compsognathidae Stromer p. 80 |
1937 | Compsognathidae Roxo p. 65 |
1946 | Compsognathidae Kuhn p. 65 |
1948 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 89 |
1959 | Compsognathidae Huene p. 121 |
1964 | Compsognathidae Tatarinov p. 531 |
1966 | Compsognathidae Kuhn p. 93 |
1968 | Compsognathidae Maleev p. 95 |
1972 | Compsognathidae Bidar et al. |
1978 | Compsognathidae Ostrom p. 75 |
1980 | Compsognathidae Bonaparte p. 82 |
1980 | Compsognathidae Ostrom p. 21 |
1981 | Compsognathidae McIntosh p. 9 |
1983 | Compsognathidae Barsbold p. 86 |
1984 | Compsognathidae Thulborn p. 132 |
1988 | Compsognathidae Carroll |
1988 | Compsognathidae Paul p. 297 |
1998 | Compsognathidae Holtz, Jr. p. 40 |
1998 | Compsognathidae Zinke p. 181 |
1999 | Compsognathidae Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2 |
2000 | Compsognathidae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5 |
2001 | Compsognathidae Currie and Chen |
2004 | Compsognathidae Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 76 |
2004 | Compsognathidae Hwang et al. p. 28 fig. 12 |
2004 | Compsognathidae Naish et al. p. 4 |
2004 | Compsognathidae Peyer p. 101A |
2006 | Compsognathidae Göhlich et al. p. 7 |
2006 | Compsognathidae Peyer p. 880 |
2007 | Compsognathidae Gishlick and Gauthier p. 579 |
2010 | Compsognathidae Rauhut et al. pp. 183-184 fig. 23 |
2011 | Compsognathidae Bittencourt and Langer p. 35 |
2014 | Compsognathidae Hendrickx and Mateus |
2016 | Beipiaognathus Hu et al. p. 192 |
2016 | Beipiaognathus jii Hu et al. p. 192 fig. 1–4 |
2020 | Compsognathidae Xing et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Compsognathidae Cope 1871 [compsognathid]
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G. †Compsognathus Wagner 1861 [elegant jaw]
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†Compsognathus longipes Wagner 1861
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Invalid names: Compsognathus corallestris Bidar et al. 1972 [synonym]
Invalid names: Beipiaognathus Hu et al. 2016 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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K. A. v. Zittel 1890 | Wirbel und Extremitätenknochen hohl. Halswirbel vorne schwach convex, hinten leicht ausgehöhlt; die übrigen Wirbel platycöl. Schädel vogelartig, langgestreckt : Zwischenkiefer, Ober- und Unterkiefer mit spitzen, etwas gekrümmten conischen Zähnen besetzt. Vorderbeine nur halb so lang als Hinterbeine. Hals lang, biegsam, mit stabförmigen Halsrippen. Schambeine kräftig, distal verschmolzen, nach vorn und innen geivendet, länger als die schlanken Sitzbeine. Femur kürzer als Tibia. Astragalus mit langem aufsteigendem Fortsatz, dem distalen Ende der Tibia dicht anliegend. Hand und Fuss mit drei funetionirenden Zehen, die übrigen rudimentär. | |
B. F. Nopcsa 1901 | A nyakcsigolya bordái szabadok, els csigolyák convexoconcávok, hátulsók biconcavok; astragalus processus ascendenssel, kéz és láb 3 ujjal.
[The ribs of the cervical vertebrae are free, the anterior vertebrae are convexoconcave, the posterior vertebrae are biconcave; astragalus with processus ascendens, hands and feet with 3 fingers.] | |
R. S. Lull 1924 | But two and a half feet long; neck long; pubis strong, longer than slender ischium; femur shorter than tibia; astragalus bearing long ascending process in close contact with tibia; metatarsals long and slender; both hands and feet possessing but three functional digits. | |
B. F. Nopcsa 1928 | pubes short with hammer-shapeddistal end; caudals moderately elongated; hallux opposable; bipedal animals | |
F. v. Huene 1948 | 10 cervicals, 13 dorsals, 5 sacrals; manus with functioning 3 fingers; three medial toes longest; pubis with shoe-like process at distal end. Jurassic. | |
A. D. Gishlick and J. A. Gauthier 2007 | All tetanuran theropods stemming from the first ancestor possessing an enlarged thumb with metacarpal I novelties homologous to those in Compsognathus longipes Wagner, 1861 (BSP 1563), including the following (Fig. 12): metacarpal I very short (MII/MI < 35% (26% in Compsognathus; 35% in Sinosauropteryx prima), with discrete extensor tubercle directed proximo-radially (ratio 1.8–1.4 proximally to radially), and barely asymmetrical distal condyles (< 5° offset ulnar to radial condyles).
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L. Xing et al. 2020 | Compsognathids remain unstable both in phylogenetic position and taxonomic membership. For this reason, diagnosis varies from an analysis to another (Peyer, 2006; Dal Sasso and Maganuco, 2011). Based on an analysis of the dataset from Choiniere et al. (2014) with the inclusion of a new taxon, compsognathids are diagnosed in this paper by a combination of the following unambiguous synapomorphies: anterior cervical centra, longitudinally shorter than twice the transverse width (character 256.0); neural spines of posterior dorsal vertebrae, anteroposteriorly expanded (286.1); more than 40 caudal vertebrae (304.0); long, hair-like cervical ribs (320.1); supraacetabular crest, absent (439.0, 440.2); fibular crest continual from proximal articular surface (508.0).
In addition, the following characters are ACCTRAN-optimized synapomorphies: promaxillary fenestra, absent (character 21.0); anterior process of maxilla, shorter than tall and offset from maxillary body (28.0); pneumatic quadrate (110.1); large, round internal mandibular fenestra (175.1); rod-like retroarticular process (198.0); myohyal foramen at concave ventral margin (206.2); sacral vertebrae with unfused zygapophyses (299.0); subcircular coracoid (340.0); penultimate phalanx of manual digit III, longer than each of more proximal phalanges (405.1). Finally, the following characters are DELTRAN-optimized synapomorphies: subcircular promaxillary tooth crowns in cross section (217.0); hook-like extension on anterior end of dorsal neural spines (290.1); straight or gently curved ventral margin of anterior iliac blade (419.0); poorly developed insertion for m.iliofibularis on fibula (517.0); and ascending process of astragalus, broad and covering most of anterior surface of distal end of tibia (526.0). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
References: Benton 1983, Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Turonian or 155.70000 to 89.80000 Ma
Collections (19 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | USA (Wyoming) | Ornitholestes sp. (126540) | |
Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Leiria) | Compsognathus sp. (24563) | |
Kimmeridgian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Compsognathus longipes (92110) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Ornitholestes hermanni (12816 22648) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bayern) | Compsognathus longipes (57682) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Ornitholestes sp. (45975) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Compsognathus corallestris (35262) | |
Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Compsognathidae indet. (232052) | |
Hauterivian | China (Hebei) | Xunmenglong yingliangis (68022) | |
Late/Upper Barremian | Thailand (Khon Kaen) | Coelurosauria indet. (35974) | |
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Beipiaognathus jii (223861) Huaxiagnathus orientalis (55425) Sinocalliopteryx gigas (79488) Sinocalliopteryx sp. (224635) | |
Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | Poikilopleuron pusillus (92917) | |
Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Compsognathidae indet. (28050) | |
Early/Lower Albian | Italy (Campania) | Theropoda indet. (68888) | |
Cenomanian - Turonian | Argentina (Chubut) | Coelurosauria indet. (70674) |