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Symbolophorus
Taxonomy
Symbolophorus was named by Bolin and Wisner (1959) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 503]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Myctophidae by Stringer (1998); to Myctophiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Myctophini by Steurbaut (1979), Schwarzhans (1980) and Schwarzhans and Aguilera (2013); and to Myctophinae by Steurbaut (1984), Fierstine et al. (2012), Martin et al. (2018), Schwarzhans and Ohe (2019) and Schwarzhans (2019).
It was assigned to Myctophidae by Stringer (1998); to Myctophiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Myctophini by Steurbaut (1979), Schwarzhans (1980) and Schwarzhans and Aguilera (2013); and to Myctophinae by Steurbaut (1984), Fierstine et al. (2012), Martin et al. (2018), Schwarzhans and Ohe (2019) and Schwarzhans (2019).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1959 | Symbolophorus Bolin and Wisner |
| 1979 | Symbolophorus Steurbaut p. 60 |
| 1980 | Symbolophorus Schwarzhans p. 59 |
| 1984 | Symbolophorus Steurbaut p. 51 |
| 1998 | Symbolophorus Stringer p. 150 |
| 2002 | Symbolophorus Sepkoski |
| 2012 | Symbolophorus Fierstine et al. p. 51 |
| 2013 | Symbolophorus Schwarzhans and Aguilera p. 108 |
| 2018 | Symbolophorus Martin et al. p. 79 figs. Table 3 |
| 2019 | Symbolophorus Schwarzhans p. 121 |
| 2019 | Symbolophorus Schwarzhans and Ohe p. 367 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Symbolophorus Bolin and Wisner 1959
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†Symbolophorus biatlanticus Weiler 1959
Symbolophorus boops Richardson 1845
Symbolophorus californiensis Eignemann and Eignemann 1889
†Symbolophorus meridionalis Steurbaut 1979
†Symbolophorus moriguchii Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
†Symbolophorus opononiensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Symbolophorus prionotus Grenfell 1984
†Symbolophorus tongaporutuensis Schwarzhans 2019
Symbolophorus veranyi Moreau 1888
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 23.03000 to 0.01200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 21.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 21.7 Ma
Collections (36 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waitakian | New Zealand (South Island) | S. opononiensis (219578 219582) | |
| Aquitanian | France | S. meridionalis (219195) | |
| Miocene | Mexico (Veracruz) | Nyctophus biatlanticus (222553) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (North Island) | S. opononiensis (219520) S. prionotus (219517 219522) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (South Island) | S. prionotus (219590) | |
| Burdigalian | France | S. meridionalis (219196 220042 220043) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (North Island) | S. prionotus (219527) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (North Shore) | S. prionotus (219525) | |
| Langhian | France | S. meridionalis (219197) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | S. sp. (161449) | |
| Tortonian | Panama (Colon) | S. sp. (219219) | |
| Tongaporutuan | New Zealand (North Island) | S. sp. (219269) S. tongaporutuensis (219553 219554) | |
| Opoitian | New Zealand | S. boops (219270) | |
| Pliocene | Jamaica | S. veranyi (186673) | |
| Opoitian - Mangapanian | New Zealand (North Island) | S. boops (219628) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (California) | S. californiensis (219859) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | S. californiensis (19703 122752) | |
| Piacenzian | Japan (Okinawa) | S. moriguchii (219767) | |
| Mangapanian - Nukumaruan | New Zealand | S. boops (219631) | |
| Gelasian | Japan | S. sp., S. californiensis (219781) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Greece (Zakynthos) | S. veranyi (207576) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Italy | S. veranyi (159455) | |
| Nukumaruan | New Zealand (South Island) | S. boops (219643) | |
| Calabrian | Japan | S. californiensis (219777) | |
| Ionian | Italy | S. veranyi (159361) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | S. californiensis (219857) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | S. californiensis (84881) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | S. californiense (59063) |