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| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Phugatherium
Taxonomy
Phugatherium was named by Ameghino (1887). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Caviidae by Rovereto (1914); to Hydrochoeridae by Prado et al. (1998); and to Hydrochoerinae by Vucetich et al. (2015) and Albright et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Caviidae by Rovereto (1914); to Hydrochoeridae by Prado et al. (1998); and to Hydrochoerinae by Vucetich et al. (2015) and Albright et al. (2019).
Species
Anchimysops dubius, Anchimysops radicei, Anchimysops villalobosi, P. cataclisticum (syn. Protohydrochoerus rothi, Hydrochoerus lydekkeri, Neoanchimys pisanoi, Chapalmatherium irenense, Protohydrochoerus perturbidus), P. dichroplax (syn. Neochoerus cordobai, Neochoerus lancei), P. novum (syn. Chapalmatherium saavedrai)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1887 | Phugatherium Ameghino |
| 1908 | Chapalmatherium Ameghino |
| 1914 | Phugatherium Rovereto p. 140 |
| 1914 | Protohydrochoerus Rovereto p. 140 figs. Figs. 60, 61 |
| 1914 | Chapalmatherium Rovereto p. 184 |
| 1927 | Anchimysops Kraglievich |
| 1961 | Neoanchimys Pascual and Bondesio |
| 1993 | Chapalmatherium MacFadden et al. p. 235 |
| 1997 | Anchimysops McKenna and Bell |
| 1997 | Chapalmatherium McKenna and Bell |
| 1997 | Neoanchimys McKenna and Bell |
| 1997 | Protohydrochoerus McKenna and Bell |
| 1998 | Chapalmatherium Prado et al. p. 793 |
| 1998 | Anchimysops Prado et al. p. 796 |
| 1998 | Phugatherium Prado et al. p. 796 |
| 2015 | Phugatherium Vucetich et al. |
| 2019 | Phugatherium Albright et al. p. 165 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Phugatherium Ameghino 1887
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†Phugatherium cataclisticum Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Chapalmatherium irenense Reig 1958 [synonym], Hydrochoerus lydekkeri Moreno 1888 [synonym], Neoanchimys pisanoi Pascual and Bondesio 1961 [synonym], Protohydrochoerus perturbidus Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Protohydrochoerus rothi Rovereto 1914 [synonym]
†Phugatherium dichroplax Ahearn and Lance 1980
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Invalid names: Neochoerus cordobai Carranza-Castaneda and Miller 1989 [synonym], Neochoerus lancei Mones 1980 [synonym]
†Phugatherium novum Ameghino 1908
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Invalid names: Chapalmatherium saavedrai Hoffstetter et al. 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anchimysops Kraglievich 1927 [synonym], Chapalmatherium Ameghino 1908 [synonym], Neoanchimys Pascual and Bondesio 1961 [synonym], Protohydrochoerus Rovereto 1914 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. G. Vucetich et al. 2015 | The p4 with C3 well defined by deep h.2i. and h.3i. at least reaching 50% of the width of the tooth, equal in depth or h.3i. deeper; both within the pr.I (ahead the h.f.e.). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range: base of the Huayquerian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 8.00000 to 0.78100 Ma
Collections (36 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tortonian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Protohydrochoerus sp. (13522) | |
| Huayquerian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Anchimysops sp., Protohydrochoerus sp., P. cataclisticum (55600) | |
| Montehermosan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Chapalmatherium perturbidum, P. cataclysticum, Anchimysops villalobosi, Neoanchimys pisanoi (13503) P. cataclisticum (152062 152064 152081 152084 152085 152088) Protohydrochoerus perturbidus, P. cataclisticum, Anchimysops villalobosi (198863) Protohydrochoerus sp. (83282) | |
| Montehermosan - Chapadmalalan | Bolivia (La Paz) | Chapalmatherium saavedrai (70641) Chapalmatherium sp. (142380) | |
| Blancan | USA (Arizona) | Neochoerus dichroplax (19658) Neochoerus lancei (19657) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | Neochoerus dichroplax (19753 19754 19756 19763 98320) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Neochoerus cordobai (20077) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | Mexico (Jalisco) | Neochoerus cordobai (20078) | |
| Chapadmalalan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Anchimysops sp., Protohydrochoerus sp. (199154) Anchimysops ultra, Anchimysops sp., Protohydrochoerus sp., P. sp. (199156) P. novum (202340) | |
| Chapadmalalan | Argentina (Córdoba) | P. novum (197902) | |
| Chapadmalalan | Bolivia (Linares) | Chapalmatherium saavedrai (71112) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Chapalmatherium sp. (199155) Protohydrochoerus lydekkeri (213136 213138) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (South Carolina) | P. dichroplax (206988) | |
| Piacenzian | Argentina (Córdoba) | Chapalmatherium novum (225604) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Venezuela (Monagas) | Chapalmatherium indet. (144977) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Neochoerus dichroplax (19750 98313) | |
| Irvingtonian | Mexico (Jalisco) | Neochoerus cordobai (20539) |