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Spirigerellinae
Taxonomy
Spirigerellinae was named by Grunt (1965). Its type is Spirigerella.
It was reranked as the family Spirigerellidae by Bychkov et al. (1976).
It was assigned to Athyridida by Bychkov et al. (1976); and to Athyrididae by Williams et al. (2002) and Shen et al. (2003).
It was reranked as the family Spirigerellidae by Bychkov et al. (1976).
It was assigned to Athyridida by Bychkov et al. (1976); and to Athyrididae by Williams et al. (2002) and Shen et al. (2003).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1965 | Spirigerellinae Grunt p. 237 |
| 1976 | Spirigerellidae Bychkov et al. |
| 2002 | Spirigerellinae Williams et al. p. 1533 |
| 2003 | Spirigerellinae Shen et al. p. 248 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Spirigerellinae Grunt 1965
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G. †Araxathyris Grunt 1965
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†Araxathyris abichi Arthaber 1900
†Araxathyris beipeiensis Xu and Grant 1994
†Araxathyris bruntoni Angiolini and Carabelli 2010
†Araxathyris costalis Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris dilatatus Shen et al. 1992
†Araxathyris felina Arthaber 1900
†Araxathyris glossexserta Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris indentatus Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris jalaidensis Lee and Su 1980
†Araxathyris jiangyouensis Xu 1978
†Araxathyris longa Zhang and Jin 1961
†Araxathyris minor Wu et al. 2022
†Araxathyris protea Abich 1878
†Araxathyris quadrilobata Abich 1878
†Araxathyris rhombiformis Zeng et al. 1995
†Araxathyris sinensis Shen et al. 2004
†Araxathyris timorensis Rothpletz 1892
†Araxathyris tongluensis Liang 1990
†Araxathyris undulata Shen et al. 1992
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Invalid names: Araxathyris pentagonalis Zeng et al. 1995 [synonym]
†Araxathyris yuananensis Yang 1977
Invalid names: Spirigera subtilita armeniaca Arthaber 1900 [synonym]
G. †Cardiothyris
G. †Composita Brown 1849
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†Athyris (Composita) indosinensis Mansuy 1914
†Athyris (Composita) semirostrata Reed 1944
†Composita affinis Girty 1908
†Composita apheles Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita apsidata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita bamberi Shi and Waterhouse 1996
†Composita biforma Yang 1991
†Composita bucculenta Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita costata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita cracens Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita crassa Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita depressa Sun 1991
†Composita discina Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita elongata Dunbar and Condra 1932
†Composita emarginata Girty 1908
†Composita enormis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita girtyi Raymond 1911
†Composita globosa Weller 1914
†Composita grandis Cooper 1953
†Composita hapsida Stehli and Grant 1970
†Composita huagongensis Liao 1979
†Composita idahoensis Butts 2007
†Composita imbricata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita insulcata Zeng et al. 1995
†Composita jogensis Yanagida and Nishikawa 1984
†Composita laevis Weller 1914
†Composita lewisensis Weller 1914
†Composita magnicarina Campbell 1961
†Composita mexicana Hall 1857
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Invalid names: Composita arizonica McKee 1938 [synonym], Composita guadalupensis Girty 1908 [synonym], Composita parva Branson 1930 [synonym]
†Composita minuscula Chronic 1949
†Composita mira Girty 1899
†Composita misriensis Reed 1944
†Composita nucella Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita obesa Easton et al. 1958
†Composita ovata Mather 1915
†Composita parasulcata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita pikensis Carter 1968
†Composita pilula Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita plana Branson 1930
†Composita prospera Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita pyriformis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita quadrirotunda Lee and Su 1980
†Composita quantilla Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita rotunda Snider 1915
†Composita sigma Gordon 1975
†Composita stalagmium Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita strongyle Cooper and Grant 1976
†Composita subcircularis Brill 1940
†Composita subquadrata Hall 1858
†Composita subtilita Hall 1852
†Composita sulcata Weller 1914
†Composita tareica Chernyak 1963
†Composita tetralobata Hoare 1960
†Composita tobaensis Wang 1985
†Composita trinuclea Hall 1856
G. †Densalvus
G. †Iniathyris
G. †Planalvus Carter 1971
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†Planalvus cailliaudi Barrois 1889
†Planalvus densa Hall and Clarke 1894
†Planalvus gibberosa Carter 1971
†Planalvus rufus Racheboeuf et al. 1994
G. †Posicomta Grunt 1986
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†Posicomta advena Grant 1976
†Posicomta dolabrata Grant 1976
†Posicomta gundarensis Grunt 1986
†Posicomta subsolana Grant 1976
†Posicomta zaalaica Grunt 1986
G. †Pseudopentagonia
G. †Rectambitus Xu and Grant 1994
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†Rectambitus spondomarginata Shen et al. 2004
†Rectambitus subpentangulata Xu and Grant 1994
†Rectambitus xui Shen et al. 2004
G. †Septospirigerella Grunt 1965
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†Septospirigerella applanata Grunt 1986
†Septospirigerella baissalensis Grunt 1965
†Septospirigerella felinella Waterhouse 1983
†Septospirigerella geranossica Kotlyar 1989
†Septospirigerella grandis Kotlyar 1989
†Septospirigerella harrisoni Douglas 1950
†Septospirigerella lingula Xu 1978
†Septospirigerella megridagica Grunt 1965
†Septospirigerella ovata Xu 1978
G. †Spirigerella Waagen 1883
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†Spirigerella alata Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella bellistriata Zeng et al. 1995
†Spirigerella derbyi Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella discors Reed 1944
†Spirigerella fusiformis Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella gigas Reed 1944
†Spirigerella grandis Davidson 1862
†Spirigerella heibayideensis Tong 1978
†Spirigerella hybrida Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella media Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella mendungensis Lu 1978
†Spirigerella minuta Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella numismalis Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella numismalis longa Reed 1944
†Spirigerella obovata Reed 1944
†Spirigerella ovoidalis Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella paraliensis Reed 1944
†Spirigerella pertumida Diener 1897
†Spirigerella praelonga Waagen 1883
†Spirigerella proxima Reed 1944
†Spirigerella rectimarginata Sun 1991
†Spirigerella subtriangularis Reed 1927
†Spirigerella subtriquetra Jin et al. 1974
†Spirigerella teseroi Chen 2006
G. †Tongzithyris Jin et al. 1974
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†Tongzithyris anshunensis Liao 1980
†Tongzithyris episulcata Jin et al. 1974
†Tongzithyris extensa Liao 1980
†Tongzithyris sichuanensis Xu 1987
G. †Tulathyris
G. †Uldziathyris
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 1 | 23.4 |
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Lacian or 409.10000 to 215.56000 Ma
Collections (2441 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paleozoic - Triassic | Chile (Ovalle) | Composita sp. (222433) | |
| Devonian - Carboniferous | USA (Montana, and Wyoming) | Composita humilis (12387) | |
| Pragian | France (Brittany) | Cryptonella cailliaudi (156513) | |
| Pragian | China (Guangxi) | Athyris grandis (12928) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | China (Guangxi) | Athyris grandis (3984 25728 25729 25730 25802 25805 25833) | |
| Emsian | China (Guangxi) | Athyris grandis (65075) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | USA (Alaska) | Composita bellula (3102) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | China | Composita salve (162317) | |
| Famennian | USA (New Mexico) | Composita bellula (231554 231555 231556 231558) | |
| Famennian | Afghanistan (Herat) | Composita globosa (70159) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Changhsingian | Pakistan (Northwest Frontier) | Spirigerella sp. (41557 41558) | |
| Changhsingian | China | Araxathyris dilatata (221335 221338) Araxathyris dilatata, Araxathyris longa (221336 221339) Araxathyris longa (221337) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Sichuan) | Araxathyris araxensis (89355 95285 95303) Araxathyris protea, Araxathyris araxensis (103467) Araxathyris sp. (149123 156811 156814 156816 156817) Araxathyris timorensis, Araxathyris araxensis (95287) Composita sp. (95289 95292 95296 95302) Composita sp., Araxathyris araxensis (95288) Composita sp., Araxathyris timorensis (95290 95294 95299) Composita sp., Araxathyris timorensis, Araxathyris araxensis (95293 95301) Spirigerella sp. (60472) Tongzithyris sichuanensis (50030) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Xizang) | Araxathyris dilatatus (203189) Araxathyris sp. (48916) Gruntea grunti (73600 73601 73602 73603 73607) | |
| Changhsingian | Thailand | Araxathyris bisculcata, Septospirigerella felinella (8145) Septospirigerella felinella (42776 42777) | |
| Griesbachian | China | Araxathyris longa (221343) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Zhejiang) | Araxathyris araxensis (63508 105221) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Hubei) | Araxathyris sp. (149222) | |
| Carnian | China (Sichuan) | Septospirigerella ovata (123653) | |
| Lacian | China (Sichuan) | Araxathyris jiangyouensis (123661) Septospirigerella lingula (123657) | |