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Ankylopollexia

Osteichthyes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1986Ankylopollexia Sereno
1990Ankylopollexia Benton p. 19
1990Ankylopollexia Norman and Weishampel pp. 529-530 fig. 25.36
1996Ankylopollexia Coria and Salgado p. 454 fig. 13
1997Ankylopollexia Sereno p. 443
1998Ankylopollexia Sereno p. 62
1999Ankylopollexia Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2002Ankylopollexia Buchholz p. 22
2004Ankylopollexia Norman p. 415
2004Ankylopollexia Novas et al. p. 79 fig. 2C
2007Ankylopollexia Galton p. 39
2008Ankylopollexia Butler et al. p. 21 figs. 2-4
2009Ankylopollexia Galton p. 215
2010Ankylopollexia McDonald et al. p. 33 fig. 39
2012Ankylopollexia Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2012Ankylopollexia McDonald p. 2
2014Ankylopollexia Norman
2015Ankylopollexia Gasulla et al.
2015Ankylopollexia Shibata et al.
2017Ankylopollexia Wang et al.
2018Ankylopollexia Madzia et al. p. 973 fig. 4
2018Ankylopollexia Xu et al.
2020Ankylopollexia Dieudonné et al.
2021Ankylopollexia Verdú et al. p. 10 fig. 9
2024Ankylopollexia Fonseca et al.
2025Ankylopollexia Bertozzo et al.
2025Ankylopollexia Sancarlo et al.
2026Ankylopollexia Magyar et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Ornithischia()
—Neornithischia()
—Pyrodontia
—Cerapoda
suborderOrnithopoda
infraorderIguanodontia
—Euiguanodontia
—Dryomorpha
—Ankylopollexia
—Ankylopollexia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Ankylopollexia Sereno 1986
show all | hide all
G. †Bayannurosaurus Xu et al. 2018
+
†Bayannurosaurus perfectus Xu et al. 2018
Fm. †Camptosauridae Marsh 1885 [camptosaurid]
+
Invalid names: Camptonotidae Marsh 1881 [synonym]
G. †Camptosaurus Marsh 1885
+
†Camptosaurus aphanoecetes Carpenter and Wilson 2008
†Camptosaurus dispar Marsh 1879
+
Invalid names: Brachyrophus altarkansanus Cope 1878 [synonym], Camptosaurus browni Gilmore 1909 [synonym], Camptosaurus medius Marsh 1894 [synonym], Camptosaurus nanus Marsh 1894 [synonym], Symphyrophus musculosus Cope 1878 [synonym]
Invalid names: Brachyrophus Cope 1878 [synonym], Camptonotus Marsh 1879 [replaced], Symphyrophus Cope 1878 [synonym], Uteodon McDonald 2011 [synonym]
G. †Iguanodon Mantell 1825
+
†Iguanodon bernissartensis Boulenger 1881
+
Invalid names: Iguanodon seelyi Hulke 1882 [synonym]
†Iguanodon galvensis Verdú et al. 2015
†Iguanodon major Owen 1842
Invalid names: Heterosaurus Cornuel 1850 [synonym], Iguanodon anglicus Holl 1829 [nomen dubium], Iguanosaurus Anonymous 1824 [synonym], Struthopus Ballerstedt 1922 [synonym], Therosaurus Fitzinger 1843 [synonym]
Unr. †Neoiguanodontia Norman 2014
+
G. †Altirhinus Norman 1998
+
†Altirhinus kurzanovi Norman 1998
Unr. †Hadrosauromorpha Norman 2014
+
G. †Lophorhothon Langston 1960
+
†Lophorhothon atopus Langston 1960
G. †Hypselospinus Norman 2010
+
†Hypselospinus fittoni Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Darwinsaurus evolutionis Paul 2012 [synonym], Huxleysaurus hollingtoniensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Darwinsaurus Paul 2012 [synonym], Wadhurstia Carpenter and Ishida 2010 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Iguanodontidae Bonaparte 1850 [iguanodontid]
+
G. †Barilium Norman 2010
+
†Barilium dawsoni Lydekker 1888
+
Invalid names: Kukufeldia tilgatensis McDonald et al. 2010 [synonym], Sellacoxa pauli Carpenter and Ishida 2010 [synonym]
Invalid names: Kukufeldia McDonald et al. 2010 [synonym], Sellacoxa Carpenter and Ishida 2010 [synonym], Torilion Carpenter and Ishida 2010 [objective synonym]
G. †Bolong Wu et al. 2010
+
†Bolong yixianensis Wu et al. 2010
G. †Jinzhousaurus Wang and Xu 2001
+
†Jinzhousaurus yangi Wang and Xu 2001
G. †Proiguanodon Van Den Broeck 1900
Invalid names: Cetiosaurus brachyurus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Ornithopodidae Zittel 1895 [synonym]
G. †Ouranosaurus Taquet 1972
+
†Ouranosaurus nigeriensis Taquet 1972
Unr. †Styracosterna Sereno 1986
+
G. †Calvarius Prieto-Márquez and Sellés 2023
+
†Calvarius rapidus Prieto-Márquez and Sellés 2023
G. †Cumnoria Seeley 1888
+
†Cumnoria prestwichii Hulke 1880
G. †Dakotadon Paul 2008
+
†Dakotadon lakotaensis Weishampel and Bjork 1989
G. †Delapparentia Ruiz-Omeñaca 2011
+
†Delapparentia turolensis Ruiz-Omeñaca 2011
Unr. †Hadrosauriformes Sereno 1997
+
G. †Brighstoneus Lockwood et al. 2021
+
†Brighstoneus simmondsi Lockwood et al. 2021
G. †Comptonatus Lockwood et al. 2024
+
†Comptonatus chasei Lockwood et al. 2024
Unr. †Hadrosauroidea Huene 1954
+
G. †Bactrosaurus Gilmore 1933
+
†Bactrosaurus johnsoni Gilmore 1933
Invalid names: Bactrosaurus prynadai Riabinin 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Batyrosaurus Godefroit et al. 2012
+
†Batyrosaurus rozhdestvenskyi Godefroit et al. 2012
G. †Cariocecus Bertozzo et al. 2025
+
†Cariocecus bocagei Bertozzo et al. 2025
G. †Cedrorestes Gilpin et al. 2007
+
†Cedrorestes crichtoni Gilpin et al. 2007
G. †Claosaurus Marsh 1890
+
†Claosaurus agilis Marsh 1872
Invalid names: Claosaurus affinis Wieland 1903 [nomen dubium]
G. †Datonglong Xu et al. 2016
+
†Datonglong tianzhenensis Xu et al. 2016
G. †Eolambia Kirkland 1998
+
†Eolambia caroljonesa Kirkland 1998
G. †Equijubus You et al. 2003
+
†Equijubus normani You et al. 2003
G. †Fukuisaurus Kobayashi and Azuma 2003
+
†Fukuisaurus tetoriensis Kobayashi and Azuma 2003
G. †Fylax Prieto-Márquez and Carrera Farias 2021
+
†Fylax thyrakolasus Prieto-Márquez and Carrera Farias 2021
G. †Gilmoreosaurus Brett-Surman 1979
+
G. †Gobihadros Tsogtbaatar et al. 2019
+
†Gobihadros mongoliensis Tsogtbaatar et al. 2019
G. †Gongpoquansaurus You et al. 2014
+
G. †Gonkoken Alarcón-Muñoz et al. 2023
+
†Gonkoken nanoi Alarcón-Muñoz et al. 2023
Fm. †Hadrosauridae Cope 1869 [hadrosaurid]
+
G. †Acheralichnus Sánchez Roja 2004
G. †Aquilarhinus Prieto-Márquez et al. 2020
G. †Eotrachodon Prieto-Márquez et al. 2016
Subfm. †Hadrosaurinae Lambe 1918 [hadrosaurine]
Subfm. †Lambeosaurinae Parks 1923 [lambeosaurine]
+
Invalid names: Cheneosaurinae Lull and Wright 1942 [synonym], Stephanosaurinae Lambe 1920 [replaced]
G. †Lapampasaurus Coria et al. 2012
G. †Malefica Prieto-Márquez and Wagner 2023
Subfm. †Saurolophinae Brown 1914
G. †Tridigitichnus Casamiquela 1994
G. †Yamatosaurus Kobayashi et al. 2021
Invalid names: Arstanosaurus Shilin and Suslov 1982 [nomen dubium], Arstanosaurus akkurganensis Shilin and Suslov 1982 [nomen dubium], Cionodon Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Claorhynchus Cope 1892 [nomen dubium], Claosauridae Marsh 1890 [synonym], Diclonius Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Edmontosaurinae Horner 1992 [empty], Euhadrosauria Weishampel et al. 1993 [empty], Gryposaurinae Horner 1992 [empty], Hadrosaurus breviceps Marsh 1889 [nomen dubium], Hadrosaurus cavatus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Hadrosaurus minor Marsh 1870 [nomen dubium], Hypsibema Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Maiasaurinae Horner 1992 [empty], Microhadrosaurus Dong 1979 [nomen dubium], Neosaurus missouriensis Gilmore and Stewart 1945 [nomen dubium], Ornithotarsus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Orthomerus Seeley 1883 [nomen dubium], Parrosaurus Gilmore 1945 [nomen dubium], Prohadrosauridae Huene 1956 [synonym], Prohadrosaurinae Young 1958 [empty], Protrachodontidae Nopcsa 1915 [synonym], Pteropelyx Cope 1889 [nomen dubium], Saurolophidae Prieto-Márquez and Wagner 2010 [empty], Saurolophus krystofovici Riabinin 1930 [nomen dubium], Thespesius Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Trachodon Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Trachodontidae Lydekker 1888 [synonym], Troodon isfarensis Nessov 1995 [nomen dubium], Tyrannosauropus Haubold 1971 [nomen dubium], Willinakaqe Juárez Valieri et al. 2010 [nomen vanum]
G. †Haolong Huang et al. 2026
+
†Haolong dongi Huang et al. 2026
G. †Huehuecanauhtlus Ramírez-Velasco et al. 2012
+
†Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis Ramírez-Velasco et al. 2012
G. †Jeyawati McDonald et al. 2010
+
†Jeyawati rugoculus McDonald et al. 2010
G. †Jintasaurus You and Li 2009
+
†Jintasaurus meniscus You and Li 2009
G. †Koshisaurus Shibata and Azuma 2015
+
†Koshisaurus katsuyama Shibata and Azuma 2015
G. †Levnesovia Sues and Averianov 2009
+
†Levnesovia transoxiana Sues and Averianov 2009
G. †Morelladon Gasulla et al. 2015
+
†Morelladon beltrani Gasulla et al. 2015
G. †Nanningosaurus Mo et al. 2007
+
†Nanningosaurus dashiensis Mo et al. 2007
G. †Nanyangosaurus Xu et al. 2000
+
†Nanyangosaurus zhugeii Xu et al. 2000
Fm. †Ovaloolithidae Mikhailov 1991
+
G. †Ovaloolithus Zhao 1979
G. †Penelopognathus Godefroit et al. 2005
+
†Penelopognathus weishampeli Godefroit et al. 2005
G. †Plesiohadros Tsogtbaatar et al. 2014
+
†Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis Tsogtbaatar et al. 2014
G. †Portellsaurus Santos-Cubedo et al. 2021
+
†Portellsaurus sosbaynati Santos-Cubedo et al. 2021
G. †Probactrosaurus Rozhdestvensky 1966
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†Probactrosaurus gobiensis Rozhdestvensky 1966
+
Invalid names: Probactrosaurus alashanicus Rozhdestvensky 1966 [synonym]
G. †Protohadros Head 1998
+
†Protohadros byrdi Head 1998
G. †Qianjiangsaurus Dai et al. 2025
+
†Qianjiangsaurus changshengi Dai et al. 2025
G. †Ratchasimasaurus Shibata et al. 2011
+
†Ratchasimasaurus suranareae Shibata et al. 2011
G. †Shuangmiaosaurus You et al. 2003
+
†Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei You et al. 2003
G. †Sirindhorna Shibata et al. 2015
+
†Sirindhorna khoratensis Shibata et al. 2015
Fm. †Spheroolithidae Zhao 1979
+
G. †Guegoolithus Moreno-Azanza et al. 2014
G. †Paraspheroolithus Zhao 1979
G. †Spheroolithus Zhao 1979
G. †Tanius Wiman 1929
+
†Tanius sinensis Wiman 1929
Invalid names: Tanius laiyangensis Zhen 1976 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Telmatosauridae Magyar et al. 2026
+
G. †Kryptohadros Magyar et al. 2026
G. †Telmatosaurus Nopcsa 1903
+
Invalid names: Hecatasaurus Brown 1910 [synonym], Limnosaurus Nopcsa 1900 [replaced]
G. †Tethyshadros Dalla Vecchia 2009
G. †Xuwulong You et al. 2011
+
†Xuwulong yueluni You et al. 2011
G. †Yunganglong Wang et al. 2013
+
†Yunganglong datongensis Wang et al. 2013
G. †Zhanghenglong Xing et al. 2014
+
†Zhanghenglong yangchengensis Xing et al. 2014
G. †Zuoyunlong Wang et al. 2017
+
†Zuoyunlong huangi Wang et al. 2017
Invalid names: Iguanodon hillii Newton 1892 [nomen dubium], Trachodon cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]
G. †Proa McDonald et al. 2012
+
†Proa valdearinnoensis McDonald et al. 2012
G. †Siamodon Buffetaut and Suteethorn 2011
+
†Siamodon nimngami Buffetaut and Suteethorn 2011
G. †Hippodraco McDonald et al. 2010
+
†Hippodraco scutodens McDonald et al. 2010
G. †Iguanacolossus McDonald et al. 2010
+
†Iguanacolossus fortis McDonald et al. 2010
G. †Istiorachis Lockwood et al. 2025
+
†Istiorachis macarthurae Lockwood et al. 2025
G. †Lanzhousaurus You et al. 2005
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†Lanzhousaurus magnidens You et al. 2005
G. †Magnamanus Fuentes Vidarte et al. 2016
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†Magnamanus soriaensis Fuentes Vidarte et al. 2016
G. †Napaisaurus Ji and Zhang 2022
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†Napaisaurus guangxiensis Ji and Zhang 2022
G. †Paulodon Sancarlo et al. 2025
G. †Riabininohadros Ulansky 2015
+
†Riabininohadros weberae Riabinin 1946
G. †Theiophytalia Brill and Carpenter 2007
+
†Theiophytalia kerri Brill and Carpenter 2007
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 10000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 100 kgg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:40:05
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:40:05
Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875, Kiessling 2004, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Jurassic to the top of the Maastrichtian or 201.40000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (2088 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7China (Gansu) Iguanodontidae indet. (131877)
Aalenian - Bajocian174.7 - 168.2China (Sichuan) Trachodontidae indet. (140257)
Early/Lower Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian170.9 - 165.3Mexico (Oaxaca) Ornithopoda indet. (36267)
Middle Callovian165.3 - 161.5United Kingdom (England) Reptilia indet. (109800)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Chile (Tarapaca) Camptosauridae indet. (170681)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 143.1China (Shanxi) Iguanodontidae indet. (55297)
Late/Upper Jurassic - Early/Lower Cretaceous161.5 - 100.5Japan (Yamaguchi) Iguanodontidae indet. (166075)
Late/Upper Oxfordian157.9 - 154.8France (Lorraine) Camptosauridae indet. (59154)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian157.9 - 152.21USA (Wyoming) Camptosaurus sp. (126540)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian154.8 - 152.21Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Camptosaurus sp. (182492)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Bolivia (Chuquisaca) Hadrosauridae indet. I (36234)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Hadrosauridae indet. (78124 129265 167631 167741 167746) Hadrosauridae indet., Hadrosaurus minor (53054) Hadrosaurus cavatus (53122) Hadrosaurus sp. (57915)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0China (Shaanxi) Shantungosaurus giganteus (178689)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0China (Gansu) Hadrosauridae indet. (178686)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Mexico (Baja California) Hadrosauridae indet. (126661)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Mongolia Hadrosauridae indet. (206055)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Mexico (Sonora) Hadrosauridae indet. (170933 170934)
Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Hadrosauridae indet. (49557 96099 96100 96111 219386 219583) Hadrosauroidea indet. (37039) Iguanodontidae indet. (95694) Lambeosaurinae indet., Saurolophinae indet. (32370) Spheroolithidae indet. (52910)
Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (La Pampa) Hadrosaurinae indet. (48829)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian72.2 - 61.66Slovenia (Obalno-Kraska) Iguanodontidae indet., Hadrosauridae indet. (67198)