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Bos (ox)
Taxonomy
Bos was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. It is the type genus of Bovinae, Bovina.
It was assigned to Pecora by Linnaeus (1758); to Bovina by Gray (1825); to Ruminantia by Owen (1848); to Ruminantia by Leidy (1860); to Bovina by Hassanin and Douzery (1999); to Bovidae by Owen (1844), Lydekker (1878), Lydekker (1880), Wilson (1967), Carroll (1988), Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi (1995), Burney et al. (2008); to Bovinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Wang et al. (2015); and to Bovini by Grubb (2001), Hassanin and Douzery (2003), Gentry (2010), Hassanin (2015).
It was assigned to Pecora by Linnaeus (1758); to Bovina by Gray (1825); to Ruminantia by Owen (1848); to Ruminantia by Leidy (1860); to Bovina by Hassanin and Douzery (1999); to Bovidae by Owen (1844), Lydekker (1878), Lydekker (1880), Wilson (1967), Carroll (1988), Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi (1995), Burney et al. (2008); to Bovinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Wang et al. (2015); and to Bovini by Grubb (2001), Hassanin and Douzery (2003), Gentry (2010), Hassanin (2015).
Species
B. (Bibos), B. (Bos), B. (Urus), B. acutifrons, B. bison (syn. B. americanus), B. bubaloides (syn. B. praeafricanus), B. caffer, B. chinensis, B. frontalis, B. gaurus, B. grunniens (syn. B. bunnelli), B. indicus, B. javanicus, B. makapaani, B. mutus, B. namadicus (syn. B. falconerianus), B. palaethiopicus, B. planifrons, B. platyrhinus, B. primigenius, B. sauveli, B. taurus
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Bos Linnaeus p. 71 |
| 1825 | Bos Gray p. 342 |
| 1844 | Bos Owen p. 232 |
| 1848 | Bos Owen p. 139 |
| 1860 | Bos Leidy p. 110 |
| 1878 | Bos Lydekker |
| 1880 | Bos Lydekker |
| 1967 | Bos Wilson p. 219 |
| 1980 | Bos Kurten and Anderson p. 339 |
| 1988 | Bos Carroll |
| 1995 | Bos Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi p. 252 |
| 1999 | Bos Hassanin and Douzery p. 899 |
| 2001 | Bos Grubb p. 375 |
| 2003 | Bos Hassanin and Douzery p. 212 |
| 2008 | Bos Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 979 figs. Fig. 5 |
| 2008 | Bos Burney et al. p. 19 |
| 2010 | Bos Gentry p. 755 |
| 2015 | Bos Hassanin p. 5 |
| 2015 | Bos Wang et al. p. 340 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Bos Linnaeus 1758 [ox]
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Subg. Bos (Bibos) Hodgson 1837
Subg. †Bos (Urus) Owen 1844
†Bos acutifrons Lydekker 1877
†Bos caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
†Bos chinensis Gray 1873
Bos frontalis Lambert 1804 [gayal]
Bos gaurus Smith 1827
Bos indicus Linnaeus 1758
Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823
†Bos makapaani Broom 1937
Bos mutus Przewalski 1883
†Bos namadicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
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Invalid names: Bos falconerianus Falconer 1860 [objective synonym]
†Bos palaethiopicus Arambourg 1979
†Bos planifrons Lydekker 1877
†Bos platyrhinus Lydekker 1878
†Bos primigenius Bojanus 1827
Bos sauveli Urbain 1937
Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758 [cow]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.58 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.58 Ma
Collections (246 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neogene | Taiwan | Bibos geron (76868) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Tainan) | Bibos geron (76866) Bibos sp. (76867) | |
| Messinian - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Bos taurus (189573) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Bos platyrhinus (232188) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | India | Bos sp. (39209) | |
| Piacenzian | Ethiopia | Bos makapania (21785) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greece (Dodecanese) | Bos elatus (204662) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Türkiye | Bos primigenius (39314) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Bos primigenius (77751) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Anhui) | Bibos sp. (68380) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guanxi) | Bibos sp. (230994) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Eritrea (Buia) | Bos buiaensis (193126) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Bos primigenius (50342) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Bos sp., Bos taurus (189574) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Spain (Granada) | Bos sp. (34943) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Indonesia | Bibos palaeosondaicus (93522) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Algeria | Bos bubaloides (69723) Bos palaethiopicus (224087) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) | Bibos sp. (214689) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Algeria (Northern Algeria) | Bos bubaloides, Bos praeafricanus (197944) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Germany (Thüringen) | Bos primigenius (43020 45065 45070) Bos sp. (45072) | |