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Sivatherium

Osteichthyes - Giraffidae

Taxonomy
Sivatherium was named by Falconer and Cautley (1836). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Giraffidae by Carroll (1988); and to Sivatheriinae by Mitchell and Skinner (2003), Harris et al. (2010), Kahn et al. (2010).

Species
S. giganteum, S. hendeyi, S. olduvaiense
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2003-01-23; modified by L. van den Hoek Ostende on 2013-04-30

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1836Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley
1988Sivatherium Carroll
2003Sivatherium Mitchell and Skinner p. 64 figs. Figure 16
2010Sivatherium Harris et al. p. 804
2010Sivatherium Kahn et al. p. 122

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
suborderRuminantiaScopoli 1777
—Pecora()
superfamilyGiraffomorpha
familyGiraffidae
subfamilySivatheriinaeZittel 1893
genusSivatheriumFalconer and Cautley 1836

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley 1836
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†Sivatherium giganteum Bohlin 1926
†Sivatherium hendeyi Harris 1976
†Sivatherium olduvaiense Singer and Boné 1960
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparousf
Comments: grazer based on premaxillary shape (Solounias and Moelleken 1993)g
Created: 2009-01-04 10:48:20
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:48:20
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Solounias and Moelleken 1993, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991

Age range: base of the Messinian to the top of the Calabrian or 7.24600 to 0.77400 Ma

Collections (36 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58South Africa S. olduvaiense (22220) S. sp. (22229)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Tunisia Sivatherium indet. (35274)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Kenya S. sp. (22241)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Morocco S. sp. (34366)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Ethiopia S. sp. (22139)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad S. hendeyi (59839)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya S. sp. (22237)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58South Africa (Cape) S. sp. (59167)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia S. sp. (22135)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Tanzania S. sp. (22044)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Spain (Murcia) S. hendeyi (185681)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6India (Punjab) S. giganteum (236019)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya S. hendeyi (22234)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa S. hendeyi (22221 22222)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Tanzania S. sp. (22480)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Ethiopia (Afar) S. sp. (70907)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Tajikistan S. sp. (34444)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Russian Federation (West-Siberia) S. sp. (44866)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Malawi S. sp. (22271 22559)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58India (Jammu) S. giganteum (51102)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58India (Panjab) S. giganteum (51104 51106)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Chad S. sp. (21962 22505 22506)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Uganda S. sp. (22178)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Pakistan (Punjab) S. sp. (109699)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) S. sp. (189786)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) S. sp. (22491 22492 22494)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Tanzania S. sp. (21973)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania S. sp. (22625)