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Giraffa (giraffe)
Taxonomy
Giraffa was named by Brisson (1762) [conserved in ICZN Opinion 1894]. It is extant. Its type is Cervus camelopardalis.
It was assigned to Giraffini by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Giraffidae by Carroll (1988), Mitchell and Skinner (2003), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Giraffinae by Harris et al. (2010), Kahn et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Giraffini by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Giraffidae by Carroll (1988), Mitchell and Skinner (2003), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Giraffinae by Harris et al. (2010), Kahn et al. (2010).
Species
Camelopardalis microdon, Camelopardalis sivalensis, G. camelopardalis (syn. Camelopardalis antiquorum, Camelopardalis capensis, G. infumata, Camelopardalis aethiopica, G. schillingsi, G. hagenbecki, G. senaariensis), G. giraffa, G. jumae, G. pomeli, G. priscilla, G. punjabiensis, G. pygmaea, G. reticulata, G. sivalensis, G. stillei, G. tippelskirchi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1762 | Giraffa Brisson p. 12 |
| 1784 | Camelopardalis Schreber |
| 1816 | Orasius Oken |
| 1825 | Camelopardalis Gray p. 342 |
| 1848 | Trachelotherium Gistl p. 81 |
| 1848 | Camelopardalis Owen p. 139 |
| 1876 | Camelopardalis Lydekker |
| 1988 | Giraffa Carroll |
| 1988 | Orasius Carroll |
| 2003 | Giraffa Hassanin and Douzery p. 212 |
| 2003 | Giraffa Mitchell and Skinner p. 59 |
| 2008 | Giraffa Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5 |
| 2010 | Giraffa Harris et al. p. 806 |
| 2010 | Giraffa Kahn et al. p. 122 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Giraffa Brisson 1762 [giraffe]
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Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus 1758 [giraffe]
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Invalid names: Camelopardalis aethiopica Ogilby 1837 [synonym], Camelopardalis antiquorum Jardine 1835 [synonym], Camelopardalis capensis Lesson 1842 [synonym], Giraffa hagenbecki Knottneurus-Meyer 1910 [synonym], Giraffa infumata Noack 1908 [synonym], Giraffa schillingsi Matschie 1898 [synonym], Giraffa senaariensis Trouessart 1898 [synonym]
Giraffa giraffa Von Schreber 1784 [southern giraffe]
†Giraffa jumae Leakey 1967
†Giraffa pomeli Arambourg 1979
†Giraffa priscilla Pilgrim 1911
†Giraffa punjabiensis Pilgrim 1911
†Giraffa pygmaea Harris 1976
Giraffa reticulata De Wintin 1899 [reticulated giraffe]
†Giraffa sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1843
†Giraffa stillei Arambourg 1947
Giraffa tippelskirchi Matschie 1898 [Masai giraffe]
Invalid names: Camelopardalis Schreber 1784 [synonym], Orasius Oken 1816 [synonym], Trachelotherium Gistl 1848 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Solounias and Moelleken 1993, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Sarmatian to the top of the Holocene or 12.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.63 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.63 Ma
Collections (185 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | Pakistan | Camelopardalis sivalensis (232183) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Giraffa gracilis (22224) | |
| Miocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Giraffa gracilis (22230) | |
| Middle Miocene | Pakistan (Chakwal) | Giraffa priscilla (225195) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Giraffa priscilla (11797) | |
| Sarmatian | Russian Federation | Camelopardalis parva (75088) | |
| Tortonian | Ukraine | Camelopardalis parva, Camelopardalis sp. (75800) | |
| Tortonian | Moldova | Camelopardalis sp. (75802) | |
| Tortonian | Georgia | Camelopardalis sp. (73901) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Chalkidona) | Giraffa attica (182746) Giraffa attica, Orasius eximius (182750) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Türkiye (Mugla) | Giraffa sp. (13998) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Chad | Giraffa jumae (24181) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Kenya | Giraffa sp. (22236) | |
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Ethiopia | Giraffa sp. (22139) | |
| Messinian | Kenya | Giraffa sp. (22274 22275 22316) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Tanzania | Giraffa sp. (22063) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | South Africa (Cape) | Giraffa sp., Giraffa gracillis (59167) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Kenya (Turkana District) | Giraffa sp. (21332) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Senegal | Giraffa sp. (221108) | |
| Zanclean | South Africa | Giraffa sp. (22221 22222) | |
| Zanclean | Kenya (Turkana District) | Giraffa sp. (21336) | |
| Zanclean | Ethiopia | Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (22160) | |
| Zanclean | Kenya | Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (22234) Giraffa pygmaea (21510) | |
| Pliocene | China (Tianjin) | Camelopardalis sivalensis (231233) | |
| Pliocene | Kenya | Giraffa stillei (22321) | |
| Pliocene | Malawi (Northern) | Giraffa sp. (226065) | |
| Pliocene | Ethiopia (Afar) | Giraffa sp. (70907) | |
| Pliocene | Georgia (Karthli) | Giraffa sp. (40393) | |
| Pliocene | Tanzania | Giraffa sp. (22477 22480) | |
| Pliocene | Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) | Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (32050) | |
| Pliocene | Uganda | Giraffa stillei (22261) | |
| Pliocene | Malawi | Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (22559) Giraffa sp. (22271) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Kenya | Giraffa stillei (22235 22239) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Tanzania | Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21830) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Malawi | Giraffa camelopardalis, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (22323) | |
| Zanclean - Pleistocene | Ethiopia | Giraffa pygmaea (22197) | |
| Ruscinian | Türkiye (Ankara) | Giraffa jumae (34370) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | South Africa (Langebaanweg) | Giraffa gracilis (21713) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | South Africa | Giraffa camelopardalis (22340) | |
| Piacenzian | Chad | Giraffa gracilis (22506) | |
| Piacenzian | Ethiopia | Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21783 21785) | |
| Piacenzian | Kenya | Giraffa pygmaea (21431) Giraffa sp. (21407 21530) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (21425 21536) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21485) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21484) Giraffa stillei (21459) | |
| Piacenzian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Giraffa sp. (224654) | |
| Piacenzian | Tanzania | Giraffa jumae (21789) Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21787 21788 21793 21794 21795 21796 21798 21799 21800 21801 21802 21806 21807 21809 21810 21811 21812 21813 21831 21832) Giraffa stillei (21790 21792 21808) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Giraffa sp. (224657) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Giraffa sp. (21344) | |
| Gelasian | Tanzania | Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21804 21805 21814) Giraffa sp. (22594 22595) | |
| Gelasian | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Giraffa sp. (21280 21282 21283 21301 21353 21354) | |
| Gelasian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Giraffa sp., Giraffa pygmaea (224655) | |
| Gelasian | Kenya | Giraffa jumae (21460) Giraffa pygmaea (21376) Giraffa sp. (21478) Giraffa sp., Giraffa pygmaea (21461 21471 21474 21504) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei (21398) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21457) Giraffa stillei (21503) Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21410) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Algeria (Northern Algeria) | Giraffa pomeli (197944) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Türkiye | Giraffa sp. (39314) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Kenya | Giraffa pygmaea (21464) Giraffa sp. (21444 22349 22350) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (21458 32051) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21367 21370 21396) Giraffa sp., Giraffa pygmaea (21498 21521) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei (21445 21448 21495 21515) Giraffa sp., Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21402 21462) Giraffa stillei (21378 21454 21496 21502 21532) Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21472) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) | Giraffa sp. (22493) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (22491 22492 22494) | |
| Pleistocene | Kenya | Giraffa gracilis (21837) Giraffa sp. (38039) Giraffa sp., Giraffa camelopardalis (21963) | |
| Pleistocene | South Africa | Giraffa camelopardalis (21956) | |
| Calabrian | Kenya | Giraffa sp. (32057) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae (32058) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa pygmaea (21514) Giraffa sp., Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei, Giraffa pygmaea (21403) | |
| Calabrian | Japan | Giraffa nipponica (51304) | |
| Calabrian | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Giraffa sp. (21294 21343 21347 21348) | |
| Calabrian | Tanzania | Giraffa jumae (21971 21972 22041 22064 22617) Giraffa jumae, Giraffa stillei (21970) Giraffa sp. (22625 22626) | |
| Calabrian | Algeria | Giraffa pomeli (22584) | |
| Calabrian | Tanzania (Lake Natron Basin) | Giraffa pygmaea (22552 22577) | |
| Calabrian | South Africa | Giraffa camelopardalis (21923) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Syria | Giraffa camelopardalis (34105) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Kenya | Giraffa sp., Giraffa camelopardalis (21276 21277) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ethiopia | Giraffa jumae (22138 22156) Giraffa sp. (22134 22177) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Tanzania | Giraffa camelopardalis (21893) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Giraffa sp. (51187) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Kenya (Athi-Kapiti) | Giraffa camelopardalis (32119) | |
| Holocene | Kenya | Giraffa camelopardalis (21934 21935 21936 21938) | |
| Holocene | Sudan | Giraffa camelopardalis (21871 21902 21903 21904 21958 208786 208787) | |
| Holocene | Tanzania | Giraffa camelopardalis (21690) | |
| Holocene | South Africa | Giraffa camelopardalis (21896) |