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Urocyon (gray fox)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1857Urocyon Baird
1875Urocyon Bourguignat
1980Urocyon Kurten and Anderson p. 173
1988Urocyon Carroll
2008Urocyon Wang et al.
2009Urocyon Tedford et al. p. 68
2022Urocyon Ruiz-Ramoni et al. p. 101

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
familyCanidae
subfamilyCaninaeGill 1872
tribeVulpiniHemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
genusUrocyonBaird 1857

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Urocyon Baird 1857 [gray fox]
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Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber 1775 [gray fox]
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Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus Allen and Barbour 1923
Invalid names: Canis virginianus Schreber 1775 [synonym], Urocyon californicus Merriam 1899 [synonym], Urocyon guatemalae Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon parvidens Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon seminolensis Simpson 1929 [synonym]
†Urocyon citrinus Tedford et al. 2009
†Urocyon galushai Tedford et al. 2009
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Invalid names: Urocyon atwaterensis Getz 1960 [synonym]
Urocyon littoralis Baird 1857 [island gray fox]
†Urocyon minicephalus Martin 1974
†Urocyon progressus Stevens 1965
†Urocyon webbi Tedford et al. 2009
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. H. Tedford et al. 2009Differs from other vulpines in the following apomorphies: nasals extend posterior to the frontal-maxillary suture; larger more posterieorly extended depression on dorsal surface of postorbital process accentuated by parasagittal ridges that begin at postorbital processes; frontal crests lyrate, strongly ridged, and joining behind frontoparietal suture; frontal part of braincase more expanded with wider postor- bital constriction; medial cusplets on I1–I2 absent; canines with short and little recurved crowns; anterolabial cingulum of P4 often produced as parastyle; m1 entoconid and hypoconid usually connected by cristids to form transverse crest, hypoconulid relatively large; m2 trigonid shorter with paraconid varying from small (U. citrinus) to absent, talonid narrower with hypoconulid varying from distinct cusp to shelf; and in derived species, horizontal ramus with subangular lobe, condyle above alveolar border, and shallow depression ventral to masseteric fossa.
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialg
Diet: carnivoref
Diet 2: omnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: "scansorial/terrestrial"g
Created: 2011-04-25 12:12:48
Modified: 2011-04-24 21:12:48
Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Gebo and Rose 1993, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Holocene or 10.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma

Collections (64 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Urocyon sp. (18554)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Vulpes sp. (18601)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Arizona) Urocyon sp. (19656)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Texas) Urocyon galushai (20033) Urocyon progressus (20051) Urocyon sp. (20060)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (California) Urocyon sp. (20102 20122)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Kansas) Urocyon progressus (19936)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Urocyon sp. (20384)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Kansas) Urocyon atwaterensis (19927)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (65405)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0USA (Texas) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (93258)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Virginia) Urocyon sp. (104698)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Colorado) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20477 20559)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3Mexico (Aguascalientes) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20283)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Nebraska) Urocyon sp. (20500)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Arkansas) Urocyon sp. (20290)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Pennsylvania) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20354 20479)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Urocyon minicephalus (20289 20415) Urocyon sp. (20385 20400)
Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean1.8 - 0.012USA (California) Urocyon sp. (20323)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20491 195112)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Urocyon californicus (150336) Urocyon sp. (200313)
Rancholabrean - Holocene0.3 - 0.0USA (California) Urocyon littoralis (84904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Urocyon townsendi (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Venezuela (Zulia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (63515)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (74470)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Urocyon sp. (93141)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Urocyon californicus (79630) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (73752) Urocyon townsendi (93250)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (13066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon seminolensis (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20638 74292 154805)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Missouri) Urocyon sp. (93379)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (76059 76060)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Arizona) Urocyon sp. (85144)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20573 20594 20634 20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Indiana) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20600)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (124198)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Urocyon sp. (20644)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Mississippi) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (93344)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (104689)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (195062 195066)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Arizona) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (233123)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Urocyon littoralis (162157 231012)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Ontario) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (221863)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (104675)