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Hyaenidae (hyaena)

Osteichthyes - Carnivora - Hyaenidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Hyaenadae Gray p. 302
1821Hyaenidae Gray p. 302
1869Protelidae Flower p. 37
1875Hyaenidae Cope p. 5–6
1882Hyaenidae Mivart p. 140
1882Protelinae Mivart p. 143
1883Hyaenidae Flower p. 185
1883Protelidae Flower p. 185
1889Hyaenidae Cope p. 876
1889Protelidae Cope p. 876
1891Hyaenidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1891Protelidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1902Hyaenidae Hay p. 776
1911Hyaenidae Jaekel p. 228
1968Hyaenidae Kurten p. 63
1974Hyaenidae Hendey p. 90
1977Hyaenidae Galiano and Frailey
1980Hyaenidae Kurten and Anderson p. 198
1982Hyaenidae Flynn and Galiano p. 47
1988Hyaenidae Carroll
1989Hyaenidae Hunt, Jr. p. 28
1990Protelidae Koehler and Richardson p. 1
1991Hyaenidae Nowak
1998Hyaenidae Hunt, Jr. p. 62
2021Hyaenidae Hassanin et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—Pancarnivora
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderFeliformiaKretzoi 1945
—AeluroideaFlower 1869
infraorderViverroideaGray 1821
familyHyaenidae
familyHyaenidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Hyaenidae Gray 1821 [hyaena]
show all | hide all
G. †Adcrocuta Kretzoi 1938
+
†Adcrocuta eximia Roth and Wagner 1854
Invalid names: Hyena [replaced]
G. †Allohyaena Kretzoi 1938
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†Allohyaena kadici Kretzoi 1938
+
Invalid names: Xenohyaena csakvarensis Kretzoi 1938 [synonym]
Invalid names: Xenohyaena Kretzoi 1938 [synonym]
G. †Belbus Werdelin and Solunias 1991
+
†Belbus beaumonti Qiu 1987
G. †Chasmaporthetes Hay 1921
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†Chasmaporthetes borissiaki Khomenko 1932
†Chasmaporthetes exitelus Kurten and Werdelin 1988
†Chasmaporthetes kani Galiano and Frailey 1977
†Chasmaporthetes lunensis Del Campana 1914
+
Invalid names: Ailuraena johnstoni Stirton and Christian 1940 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ailuraena Stirton and Christian 1940 [synonym]
G. Crocuta Erxleben 1777 [spotted hyaena]
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Crocuta crocuta Erxleben 1777 [spotted hyaena]
+
†Crocuta crocuta spelaea Goldfuss 1823
Invalid names: Crocotta kibotonensis Lönnberg 1908 [synonym], Crocotta panganensis Lönnberg 1908 [synonym], Crocuta crocuta fisi Heller 1914 [synonym], Crocuta crocuta fortis Allen 1924 [synonym], Crocuta nyassae Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Crocuta nzoyae Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Crocuta rufopicta Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Crocuta thomasi Cabrera 1911 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) gariepensis Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) germinans Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) leontiewi Satunin 1905 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) noltei Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) thierryi Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) togoensis Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena (Crocotta) wismanni Matschie 1900 [synonym], Hyaena capensis Desmarest 1820 [synonym], Hyaena cuvieri Boitard 1842 [synonym], Hyaena maculata Odmann 1820 [synonym], Hyaena rufa Desmarest 1820 [synonym]
†Crocuta dbaa Geraads 1997
†Crocuta dietrichi Petter and Howell 1989
†Crocuta macrodonta Liu et al. 1978
†Crocuta sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1867
G. †Euryboas Schaub 1941
+
†Euryboas bielawskyi Schaub 1941
G. Hyaena Brisson 1762
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†Hyaena donnezani Viret 1954
†Hyaena gigantea Schlosser 1903
†Hyaena gigantea Holl 1829
†Hyaena hipparionum Gervais 1846
Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus 1758 [striped hyaena]
+
Hyaena hyaena barbara Blainville 1844
+
Invalid names: Hyaena suilla Filippi 1853 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Canis hyaenomelas Bruce 1820 [synonym], Hyaena bergeri Matschie 1910 [synonym], Hyaena dubia Schinz 1821 [synonym], Hyaena rendilis Lönnberg 1912 [synonym], Hyaena schillingsi Matschie 1900 [synonym]
Hyaena hyaena hyaena Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Hyaena antiquorum Temminck 1820 [objective synonym], Hyaena fasciata Thunberg 1820 [objective synonym], Hyaena indica Blainville 1844 [objective synonym], Hyaena orientalis Tiedemann 1808 [objective synonym], Hyaena striata Zimmermann 1777 [synonym], Hyaena virgata Ogilby 1839 [objective synonym], Hyaena vulgaris Desmarest 1820 [synonym]
Hyaena hyaena syriaca Matschie 1900
+
Invalid names: Hyaena bilkiewiczi Satunin 1905 [synonym], Hyaena bokcharensis Satunin 1905 [synonym], Hyaena satunini Matschie 1910 [synonym], Hyaena zarudnyi Satunin 1905 [synonym]
†Hyaena macrostoma Lydekker 1884
†Hyaena makapani Toerien 1952
†Hyaena perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828
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Invalid names: Hyaena arvernensis Croziet and Jobert 1828 [synonym]
†Hyaena prisca De Serres 1828
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Invalid names: Hyaena monspessulana Christol 1828 [synonym]
†Hyaena salonicae Andrews 1918
Invalid names: Euhyaena Falconer 1868 [objective synonym]
G. †Hyaenictis Gaudry 1861
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†Hyaenictis almerai Villalta and Crusafont Pairo 1945
†Hyaenictis graeca Gaudry 1861
†Hyaenictis hendeyi Werdelin et al. 1994
†Hyaenictis preforfex Hendey 1974
G. †Hyaenictitherium Kretzoi 1938
+
†Hyaenictitherium barbarum Geraads 1997
†Hyaenictitherium minimum de Bonis et al. 2005
†Hyaenictitherium parvum Khomenko 1914
†Hyaenictitherium pilgrimi Werdelin and Solunias 1991
†Hyaenictitherium wongi Koufos 2000
G. †Hyaenotherium Semenov 1989
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†Hyaenotherium wongii Zdansky 1924
Subfm. †Ictitheriinae Dietrich 1927
+
G. †Protictitherium Kretzoi 1938
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†Protictitherium cingulatum Schmidt-Kittler 1976
†Protictitherium crassum Deperet 1892
†Protictitherium gaillardi Forsyth Major 1903
†Protictitherium intermedium Schmidt-Kittler 1976
†Protictitherium llopisi Crusafont Pairo and Petter 1969
†Protictitherium punicum Kurten 1976
G. †Ictitherium Wagner 1848
+
†Ictitherium ibericum Meladze 1967
†Ictitherium kurteni Werdelin 1988
†Ictitherium pannonicum Kretzoi 1952
†Ictitherium sivalense Lydekker 1877
†Ictitherium tauricum Borissiak 1915
G. †Ikelohyaena Werdelin and Solunias 1991
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†Ikelohyaena abronia Hendey 1974
G. †Leecyaena Young and Liu 1948
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†Leecyaena bosei Matthew 1929
†Leecyaena lycyaenoides Young and Liu 1948
G. †Lepthyaena Lydekker 1884
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†Lepthyaena sivalensis Lydekker 1877
G. †Lycaena Hensel 1863
G. †Lycyaena Hensel 1863
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†Lycyaena chaeretis Gaudry 1861
†Lycyaena crusafonti Kurten 1976
†Lycyaena dubia Zdansky 1924
†Lycyaena macrostoma Lydekker 1884
G. †Lycyaenops Kretzoi 1938
+
†Lycyaenops rhomboideae Kretzoi 1938
†Lycyaenops silberbergi Broom 1946
G. †Mesoviverrops de Beaumont and Mein 1972
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†Mesoviverrops gaudryi De Beaumont and Mein 1972
G. †Miohyaenotherium Semenov 1989
+
G. Pachycrocuta Kretzoi 1938 [brown hyaena]
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†Pachycrocuta bellax Ewer 1954
†Pachycrocuta brevirostris Gervais 1850
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Invalid names: Hyaena robusta Weithofer 1889 [synonym], Hyaena sinensis Owen 1870 [synonym]
G. †Palinhyaena Qiu et al. 1979
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†Palinhyaena reperta Qiu et al. 1979
G. Parahyaena Hendey 1974
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Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820 [brown hyaena]
G. †Pliocrocuta Kretzoi 1938
+
†Pliocrocuta perrieri Kretzoi 1938
G. †Plioviverrops Kretzoi 1938
+
†Plioviverrops orbignyi Gaudry and Lartet 1856
G. Proteles Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1824
+
Proteles cristatus Sparrman 1783 [aardwolf]
+
Invalid names: Proteles lalandii Geoffroy 1824 [synonym], Proteles typicus Smith 1834 [synonym], Viverra hyenoides Desmarest 1820 [synonym]
†Proteles transvaalensis Hendey 1974
Invalid names: Geocyon Wagler 1830 [synonym]
G. †Protoviverrops de Beaumont and Mein 1972
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†Protoviverrops gervaisi de Beaumont and Mein 1972
G. †Thalassictis Nordmann 1850
+
†Thalassictis certa Forsyth Major 1903
†Thalassictis montadai Villalta and Crusafont Pairo 1943
†Thalassictis proava Pilgrim 1932
†Thalassictis robusta Gervais 1850
†Thalassictis sarmatica Pavlow 1908
†Thalassictis spelaea Semenov 1988
†Thalassictis wongii Zdansky 1924
Invalid names: Miohyaena Kretzoi 1938 [synonym], Palhyaena Gervais 1859 [synonym]
G. †Tongxinictis Werdelin and Solunias 1991
G. †Tungurictis Colbert 1939
+
†Tungurictis spocki Colbert 1939
Invalid names: Hyaeninae Mivart 1882 [empty], Protelidae Flower 1869 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999; see also Van Valkenburgh 1988f
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2009-01-04 16:23:28
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 4 to the top of the Holocene or 16.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.98 Ma

Collections (516 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Kyrgyzstan (Naryn) Hyaenidae indet. (239953)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333France (Vaucluse) Adcrocuta eximia (201500) Hyaena hipparionum (93328) Ictitherium hipparionum, Ictitherium orbignyi, Adcrocuta eximia (201497)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Kyrgyzstan (Kochkor) Adcrocuta eximia (219042)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58South Africa Hyaena bellax (22229) Hyaena brunnea (22220) Hyaenidae indet., Hyaena namaquensis (22228)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Uganda Hyaenidae indet. (22410 22440)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.04 - 0.0117South Africa Hyaena brunnea (22230)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Protictitherium gaillardi (69098)
Burdigalian - Tortonian20.45 - 7.246France Protictitherium gaillardi (187580)
MN 416.9 - 15.98France (Gers) Protictitherium gaillardi (69099)
MN 416.9 - 15.98Egypt Hyaena sp. (53970)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82France Protictitherium gaillardi (90354)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Spain (Catalonia) Protictitherium sp. (180192)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Türkiye (Bursa) Protictitherium sp., Protictitherium gaillardi, Protictitherium intermedium (68547)
MN 515.98 - 13.82France (Midi-Pyrenees Region) Protictitherium crassum (32071 32072)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Germany Protictitherium sp. (46955)
Astaracian15.98 - 11.63Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) Ictitherium arambourgi, Hyaenictis graeca (48630)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Spain (Madrid) Protictitherium sp. (197672)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Pakistan (Punjab) Crocuta carnifex (13472)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.98 - 5.333Spain (Catalonia) Thalassictis robusta (199537)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.98 - 5.333China (Nei Mongol) Tungurictis spocki (28781)