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Multituberculata (multituberculate)

Osteichthyes - Multituberculata

Taxonomy
Multituberculata was named by Cope (1884). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001).

It was reranked as the suborder Multituberculata by Ameghino (1897); it was synonymized subjectively with Allotheria by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Allotheria by Gregory (1910); it was reranked as the subclass Multituberculata by Abel (1933); it was reranked as the unranked clade Multituberculata by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Ameghino (1894), Rowe (1988), Averianov and Lopatin (2011), Weston et al. (2025).

It was assigned to Prototheria by Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Plagiaulacoidea by Ameghino (1894); to Plagiaulacoidea by Ameghino (1897); to Miotheria by Jaekel (1911); to Ornithodelphia by McKenna (1975); to Theriiformes by Rowe (1988); to Mammaliaformes by Wible (1991); to Allotheria by McKenna and Bell (1997), Smith et al. (2001); to Allotheria by Simpson (1929), Hay (1930), Huene (1940), Clemens (1963), Sloan and Van Valen (1965), Olson (1966), Clemens and Kielan-Jaworowska (1979), Bonaparte (1986), Lillegraven and McKenna (1986), Krause (1993), Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2007), Rougier et al. (2009), Averianov and Lopatin (2011), Zheng et al. (2013), Krause et al. (2014), Beard and Dawson (2014), Smith and Codrea (2015); to Mammalia by Simpson (1928), Abel (1933), Zhou et al. (2013), Gelfo et al. (2025); and to Allotheria by Weston et al. (2025).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1884Multituberculata Cope
1889Multituberculata Cope p. 874
1891Multituberculata Flower and Lydekker p. 88
1894Multituberculata Ameghino p. 76
1897Multituberculata Ameghino p. 496
1911Multituberculata Jaekel p. 207
1928Multituberculata Simpson p. 9
1929Multituberculata Simpson p. 11
1930Multituberculata Hay p. 375
1933Multituberculata Abel
1940Multituberculata Huene p. 8
1963Multituberculata Clemens p. 59
1965Multituberculata Sloan and Van Valen p. 221
1966Multituberculata Olson p. 302
1975Multituberculata McKenna p. 40
1979Multituberculata Clemens and Kielan-Jaworowska p. 101
1986Multituberculata Bonaparte p. 57
1986Multituberculata Lillegraven and McKenna p. 17
1988Multituberculata Rowe p. 245 figs. Figure 3
1991Multituberculata Wible
1993Multituberculata Krause p. 321
1997Multituberculata McKenna and Bell
2001Multituberculata Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum p. 410
2001Multituberculata Smith et al. p. 32
2004Multituberculata Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 249-253, 260-300
2007Multituberculata Kielan-Jaworowska et al. p. 257
2009Multituberculata Rougier et al. p. 232
2011Multituberculata Averianov and Lopatin p. 34
2013Multituberculata Zheng et al.
2013Multituberculata Zhou et al.
2014Multituberculata Beard and Dawson p. 1476
2014Multituberculata Krause et al.
2015Multituberculata Smith and Codrea p. 4
2025Multituberculata Gelfo et al. p. 2
2025Multituberculata Weston et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Allotheria()
orderMultituberculataCope 1884
orderMultituberculataCope 1884

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Multituberculata Cope 1884 [multituberculate]
show all | hide all
Fm. †Allodontidae Marsh 1889
+
G. †Ctenacodon Marsh 1879
+
†Ctenacodon brentbaatar Bakker 1998
†Ctenacodon laticeps Marsh 1881
†Ctenacodon minor Falconer 1857
†Ctenacodon scindens Simpson 1928
†Ctenacodon serratus Marsh 1879
+
Invalid names: Ctenacodon nanus Marsh 1881 [synonym]
Invalid names: Allodon Marsh 1881 [synonym]
G. †Psalodon Simpson 1926
+
†Psalodon fortis Marsh 1887
†Psalodon marshi Simpson 1929
†Psalodon potens Marsh 1887
G. †Ameribaatar Eaton and Cifelli 2001
+
†Ameribaatar zofiae Eaton and Cifelli 2001
G. †Argentodites Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 2007
+
†Argentodites coloniensis Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 2007
Fm. †Arginbaataridae Hahn and Hahn 1983
+
G. †Arginbaatar Trofimov 1980
+
†Arginbaatar dimitrievae Trofimov 1980
G. †Baidabatyr Averianov et al. 2017
+
†Baidabatyr clivosus Averianov et al. 2017
Subor. †Cimolodonta McKenna 1975
+
Fm. †Boffiidae Hahn and Hahn 1983
+
G. †Boffius Vianey-Liaud 1979
+
†Boffius splendidus Vianey-Liaud 1979
G. †Bryceomys Eaton 1995
+
†Bryceomys fumosus Eaton 1995
†Bryceomys hadrosus Eaton 1995
†Bryceomys intermedius Eaton and Cifelli 2001
G. †Cedaromys Eaton and Cifelli 2001
+
†Cedaromys bestia Eaton and Nelson 1991
†Cedaromys minimus Eaton 2009
†Cedaromys parvus Eaton and Cifelli 2001
G. †Cimexomys Sloan and Van Valen 1965
+
†Cimexomys antiquus Fox 1971
†Cimexomys arapahoensis Middleton and Dewar 2004
†Cimexomys gregoryi Eaton 1993
†Cimexomys judithae Sahni 1972
†Cimexomys minor Sloan and Van Valen 1965
Fm. †Cimolomyidae Sloan and Van Valen 1965
+
G. †Buginbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska and Sochava 1969
+
†Buginbaatar transaltaiensis Kielan-Jaworowska and Sochava 1969
G. †Cimolomys Marsh 1889
+
†Cimolomys bellus Marsh 1889
†Cimolomys clarki Sahni 1972
†Cimolomys gracilis Marsh 1889
+
Invalid names: Cimolomys digona Marsh 1889 [synonym], Cimolomys digona Marsh 1889 [synonym], Cimolomys nitidus Marsh 1889 [synonym], Selenacodon brevis Marsh 1889 [synonym]
†Cimolomys milliensis Eaton 1993
†Cimolomys parvus Marsh 1892
†Cimolomys trochuus Lillegraven 1969
Invalid names: Nanomyops [synonym]
G. †Essonodon Simpson 1927
+
†Essonodon browni Simpson 1927
G. †Meniscoessus Cope 1882
+
†Meniscoessus collomensis Lillegraven 1987
†Meniscoessus ferox Fox 1971
†Meniscoessus major Russell 1936
†Meniscoessus robustus Marsh 1889
+
Invalid names: Dipriodon lunatus Marsh 1889 [synonym], Halodon sculptus Marsh 1889 [synonym], Meniscoessus borealis Simpson 1927 [synonym], Meniscoessus greeni Wilson 1987 [synonym], Oracodon anceps Marsh 1889 [synonym], Oracodon conulus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Selenacodon fragilis Marsh 1889 [synonym], Tripriodon coelatus Marsh 1889 [synonym]
†Meniscoessus seminoensis Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
Invalid names: Dipriodon Marsh 1889 [synonym], Halodon Marsh 1889 [synonym], Oracodon Marsh 1889 [synonym], Selenacodon Marsh 1889 [synonym]
G. †Paressonodon Wilson et al. 2010
+
†Paressonodon nelsoni Wilson et al. 2010
Fm. †Corriebaataridae Rich et al. 2009
+
G. †Corriebaatar Rich et al. 2009
+
†Corriebaatar marywaltersae Rich et al. 2009
G. †Dakotamys Eaton 1995
+
†Dakotamys malcolmi Eaton 1995
Superfm. †Djadochtatherioidea Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum 2001
+
G. †Bulganbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
+
†Bulganbaatar nemegtbaataroides Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
G. †Chulsanbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
+
†Chulsanbaatar vulgaris Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
Fm. †Djadochtatheriidae Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum 1997
+
G. †Catopsbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska 1994
+
†Catopsbaatar catopsaloides Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
G. †Djadochtatherium Simpson 1925
+
†Djadochtatherium matthewi Simpson 1925
G. †Guibaatar Wible et al. 2019
+
†Guibaatar castellanus Wible et al. 2019
G. †Kryptobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
+
†Kryptobaatar dashzevegi Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
+
Invalid names: Gobibaatar parvus Kielan-Jaworowska 1969 [synonym], Tugrigbaatar saichanensis Kielan-Jaworowska and Dashzeveg 1978 [synonym]
†Kryptobaatar mandahuensis Smith et al. 2001
Invalid names: Gobibaatar Carroll 1988 [synonym], Tugrigbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska and Dashzeveg 1978 [synonym]
G. †Mangasbaatar Rougier et al. 2016
+
†Mangasbaatar udanii Rougier et al. 2016
G. †Tombaatar Rougier et al. 1997
+
†Tombaatar sabuli Rougier et al. 1997
G. †Nemegtbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
+
†Nemegtbaatar gobiensis Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
Fm. †Sloanbaataridae Kielan-Jaworowska 1974
+
G. †Kamptobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
+
†Kamptobaatar kuczynskii Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
G. †Nessovbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum 1997
+
†Nessovbaatar multicostatus Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum 1997
G. †Sloanbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
+
†Sloanbaatar mirabilis Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
Invalid names: Chulsanbaataridae Kielan-Jaworowska 1974 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Eucosmodontidae Jepsen 1940
+
G. †Clemensodon Krause 1992
+
†Clemensodon megaloba Krause 1992
G. †Eucosmodon Matthew and Granger 1921
+
†Eucosmodon americanus Cope 1885
†Eucosmodon molestus Cope 1886
†Eucosmodon primus Sloan 1981
†Eucosmodon sparsus Simpson 1937
†Eucosmodon ultimus Granger and Simpson 1928
Subfm. †Eucosmodontinae Jepsen 1940
+
G. †Stygimys Sloan and Van Valen 1965
+
†Stygimys camptorhiza Johnston and Fox 1984
†Stygimys gratus Jepsen 1930
+
Invalid names: Cimexomys hausoi Archibald 1982 [synonym]
†Stygimys jepseni Simpson 1935
†Stygimys kuszmauli Sloan and Van Valen 1965
+
Invalid names: Stygimys cupressus Fox 1989 [synonym]
†Stygimys teilhardi Granger and Simpson 1929
†Stygimys vastus Lofgren et al. 2005
Fm. †Kogaionidae Râdulescu and Samson 1996
+
G. †Barbatodon Radulesco and Samson 1987
+
†Barbatodon oardaensis Codrea et al. 2014
†Barbatodon transylvanicus Radulesco and Samson 1987
G. †Hainina Vianey-Liaud 1979
+
†Hainina belgica Vianey-Liaud 1979
†Hainina godfriauxi Vianey-Liaud 1979
†Hainina pyrenaica Peláez-Campomanes et al. 2000
†Hainina vianeyae Peláez-Campomanes et al. 2000
G. †Kogaionon Râdulescu and Samson 1996
+
†Kogaionon radulescui Smith et al. 2022
†Kogaionon ungureanui Radulescu and Samson 1996
G. †Litovoi Csiki-Sava et al. 2018
+
†Litovoi tholocephalos Csiki-Sava et al. 2018
Fm. †Microcosmodontidae Holtzman and Wolberg 1977
+
G. †Acheronodon Archibald 1982
+
†Acheronodon garbani Archibald 1982
G. †Allocosmodon Fox 2005
+
†Allocosmodon woodi Holtzman and Wolberg 1977
G. †Alopocosmodon Scott et al. 2013
+
†Alopocosmodon hadrus Scott et al. 2013
G. †Microcosmodon Jepsen 1930
+
†Microcosmodon arcuatus Johnston and Fox 1984
†Microcosmodon conus Jepsen 1930
†Microcosmodon harleyi Weil 1998
†Microcosmodon rosei Krause 1980
G. †Pentacosmodon Jepsen 1940
+
†Pentacosmodon pronus Jepsen 1940
G. †Paracimexomys Archibald 1982
+
†Paracimexomys crossi Cifelli 1997
†Paracimexomys magnus Sahni 1972
†Paracimexomys perplexus Eaton and Cifelli 2001
†Paracimexomys priscus Lillegraven 1969
†Paracimexomys propriscus Hunter et al. 2010
†Paracimexomys robisoni Eaton and Nelson 1991
Superfm. †Ptilodontoidea Sloan and Van Valen 1965
+
Fm. †Cimolodontidae Marsh 1889
+
G. †Anconodon Jepsen 1940
+
†Anconodon cochranensis Russell 1929
+
Invalid names: Anconodon lewisi Sloan 1987 [synonym]
†Anconodon gidleyi Simpson 1935
†Anconodon russelli Simpson 1935
G. †Cimolodon Marsh 1889
+
†Cimolodon agilis Marsh 1892
†Cimolodon akersteni Weaver et al. 2019
†Cimolodon electus Fox 1971
†Cimolodon nitidus Marsh 1889
+
Invalid names: Allacodon rarus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Halodon serratus Marsh 1889 [synonym], Nanomys minutus Marsh 1889 [synonym]
†Cimolodon peregrinus Donohue et al. 2013
†Cimolodon similis Fox 1971
†Cimolodon wardi Eaton 2006
Invalid names: Nanomys Marsh 1889 [synonym]
G. †Liotomus Cope 1884
+
†Liotomus marshi Cope 1884
G. †Neoliotomus Jepsen 1930
+
†Neoliotomus conventus Jepsen 1930
Fm. †Neoplagiaulacidae Ameghino 1890
+
G. †Cernaysia Vianey-Liaud 1986
+
†Cernaysia davidi Vianey-Liaud 1986
†Cernaysia manueli Vianey-Liaud 1986
G. †Ectypodus Matthew and Granger 1921
+
†Ectypodus aphronorus Sloan 1987
†Ectypodus arctos Beard and Dawson 2014
†Ectypodus childei Kühne 1969
†Ectypodus laytoni Jepsen 1940
†Ectypodus lovei Sloan 1966
†Ectypodus musculus Matthew and Granger 1921
†Ectypodus powelli Jepsen 1940
†Ectypodus riansensis Marandat et al. 2012
†Ectypodus simpsoni Jepsen 1930
†Ectypodus szalayi Sloan 1981
†Ectypodus tardus Jepsen 1940
Invalid names: Charlesmooria Kühne 1969 [synonym]
G. †Filikomys Weaver et al. 2020
+
†Filikomys minor Eaton 2002
†Filikomys primaevus Lambe 1902
+
Invalid names: Mesodma archibaldi Eaton 2002 [synonym]
G. †Krauseia Vianey-Liaud 1986
+
†Krauseia clemensi Sloan 1981
G. †Mesodma Jepsen 1940
+
†Mesodma ambigua Jepsen 1940
†Mesodma formosa Marsh 1889
†Mesodma hensleighi Lillegraven 1969
†Mesodma pygmaea Sloan 1987
†Mesodma senecta Fox 1971
†Mesodma thompsoni Clemens 1964
+
Invalid names: Mesodma garfieldensis Archibald 1982 [synonym]
G. †Mesodmops Tong and Wang 1994
+
†Mesodmops dawsonae Tong and Wang 1994
†Mesodmops tenuis Missiaen and Smith 2008
G. †Mimetodon Jepsen 1940
+
†Mimetodon churchilli Jepsen 1940
†Mimetodon krausei Sloan 1981
†Mimetodon silberlingi Simpson 1935
G. †Neoplagiaulax Lemoine 1882
+
†Neoplagiaulax burgessi Archibald 1982
†Neoplagiaulax donaldorum Scott and Krause 2006
†Neoplagiaulax grangeri Simpson 1935
†Neoplagiaulax hazeni Jepsen 1940
†Neoplagiaulax hunteri Simpson 1936
†Neoplagiaulax jepi Sloan 1987
†Neoplagiaulax kremnus Johnston and Fox 1984
†Neoplagiaulax mckennai Sloan 1987
†Neoplagiaulax nanophus Holtzman 1978
†Neoplagiaulax serrator Scott 2005
Invalid names: Neoplagiaulax nelsoni Sloan 1987 [nomen nudum]
G. †Nidimys Hunter et al. 2010
+
†Nidimys occultus Hunter et al. 2010
G. †Notopolytheles Gelfo et al. 2025
+
†Notopolytheles joelis Gelfo et al. 2025
G. †Parectypodus Jepsen 1930
+
†Parectypodus armstrongi Johnston and Fox 1984
†Parectypodus corystes Scott 2003
†Parectypodus foxi Storer 1991
†Parectypodus lunatus Krause 1982
†Parectypodus sinclairi Simpson 1935
†Parectypodus sloani Schiebout 1974
†Parectypodus sylviae Rigby, Jr. 1980
+
Invalid names: Parectypodus pattersoni Sloan 1987 [synonym]
†Parectypodus vanvaleni Sloan 1981
G. †Parikimys Wilson et al. 2010
+
†Parikimys carpenteri Wilson et al. 2010
G. †Xanclomys Rigby, Jr. 1980
+
†Xanclomys mcgrewi Rigby, Jr. 1980
G. †Xyronomys Rigby, Jr. 1980
+
†Xyronomys robinsoni Middleton and Dewar 2004
†Xyronomys swainae Rigby, Jr. 1980
Invalid names: Ectypodidae Sloan and Van Valen 1965 [synonym]
Fm. †Ptilodontidae Cope 1887
+
G. †Aenigmamys Scott 2021
+
†Aenigmamys aries Scott 2021
G. †Allacodon Marsh 1889
+
†Allacodon fortis Marsh 1892
†Allacodon lentus Marsh 1889
†Allacodon pumilus Marsh 1889
G. †Baiotomeus Krause 1987
+
†Baiotomeus douglassi Simpson 1935
†Baiotomeus lamberti Krause 1987
†Baiotomeus rhothonion Scott 2003
†Baiotomeus russelli Scott et al. 2002
G. †Camptomus Marsh 1889
+
†Camptomus amplus Marsh 1889
G. †Kimbetohia Simpson 1936
+
†Kimbetohia campi Simpson 1936
†Kimbetohia mziae Middleton and Dewar 2004
G. †Prochetodon Jepsen 1940
+
†Prochetodon cavus Jepsen 1940
†Prochetodon foxi Krause 1987
†Prochetodon speirsae Scott 2004
†Prochetodon taxus Krause 1987
G. †Ptilodus Cope 1881
+
†Ptilodus ferronensis Gazin 1941
†Ptilodus fractus Dorr 1952
†Ptilodus gnomus Scott et al. 2002
†Ptilodus kummae Krause 1977
†Ptilodus mediaevus Cope 1881
+
Invalid names: Chirox plicatus Cope 1884 [synonym]
†Ptilodus montanus Douglass 1908
+
Invalid names: Ptilodus admirabilis Hay 1930 [synonym]
†Ptilodus tsosiensis Sloan 1981
†Ptilodus wyomingensis Jepsen 1940
Invalid names: Chirox Cope 1884 [synonym]
Superfm. †Taeniolabidoidea Sloan and Van Valen 1965
+
G. †Erythrobaatar Jin et al. 2022
+
†Erythrobaatar ganensis Jin et al. 2022
Fm. †Lambdopsalidae Chow and Qi 1978
+
G. †Lambdopsalis Chow and Qi 1978
+
†Lambdopsalis bulla Chow and Qi 1978
G. †Prionessus Matthew and Granger 1925
+
†Prionessus lucifer Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Sphenopsalis Matthew et al. 1928
+
†Sphenopsalis nobilis Matthew et al. 1928
Fm. †Taeniolabididae Granger and Simpson 1929
+
G. †Bubodens Wilson 1987
+
†Bubodens magnus Wilson 1987
G. †Catopsalis Cope 1882
+
†Catopsalis alexanderi Middleton 1982
†Catopsalis calgariensis Russell 1926
†Catopsalis fissidens Cope 1884
+
Invalid names: Catopsalis utahensis Gazin 1939 [synonym]
†Catopsalis foliatus Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Catopsalis johnstoni Fox 1989 [synonym]
†Catopsalis kakwa Scott et al. 2018
†Catopsalis waddleae Buckley 1995
G. †Kimbetopsalis Williamson et al. 2016
+
†Kimbetopsalis simmonsae Williamson et al. 2016
G. †Taeniolabis Cope 1882
+
†Taeniolabis lamberti Simmons 1987
†Taeniolabis scalper Cope 1884
†Taeniolabis sulcatus Cope 1882
†Taeniolabis taoensis Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Catopsalis pollux Cope 1882 [synonym], Polymastodon latimolis Cope 1885 [synonym], Taeniolabis triserialis Granger and Simpson 1929 [synonym]
Invalid names: Polymastodon Cope 1882 [synonym]
G. †Valenopsalis Williamson et al. 2016
+
†Valenopsalis joyneri Sloan and Van Valen 1965
G. †Uzbekbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska and Nessov 1992
+
†Uzbekbaatar kizylkumensis Kielan-Jaworowska and Nessov 1992
†Uzbekbaatar wardi Averianov 1999
G. †Viridomys Fox 1971
+
†Viridomys orbatus Fox 1971
G. †Yubaatar Xu et al. 2015
+
†Yubaatar qianzhouensis Hu and Han 2021
†Yubaatar zhongyuanensis Xu et al. 2015
Invalid names: Djadochtatheria Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum 1997 [synonym]
Fm. †Eobaataridae Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 1987
+
G. †Cheruscodon Martin et al. 2021
+
†Cheruscodon balvensis Martin et al. 2021
G. †Eobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 1987
+
†Eobaatar clemensi Sweetman 2009
†Eobaatar hispanicus Hahn and Hahn 1992
†Eobaatar magnus Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 1987
†Eobaatar minor Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 1987
†Eobaatar pajaronensis Hahn and Hahn 2001
G. †Hakusanobaatar Kusuhashi 2008
+
†Hakusanobaatar matsuoi Kusuhashi 2008
G. †Heishanobaatar Kusuhashi et al. 2010
+
†Heishanobaatar triangulus Kusuhashi et al. 2010
G. †Indobaatar Parmar et al. 2013
+
†Indobaatar zofiae Parmar et al. 2013
G. †Jeholbaatar Wang et al. 2019
+
†Jeholbaatar kielanae Wang et al. 2019
G. †Liaobaatar Kusuhashi et al. 2009
+
†Liaobaatar changi Kusuhashi et al. 2009
G. †Loxaulax Simpson 1928
+
†Loxaulax valdensis Woodward 1911
G. †Monobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 1987
+
†Monobaatar mimicus Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 1987
G. †Parendotherium Crusafont-Pairó and Adrover 1966
+
†Parendotherium herreroi Crusafont-Pairo and Adrover 1965
G. †Sinobaatar Hu and Wang 2002
+
†Sinobaatar fuxinensis Kusuhashi et al. 2009
†Sinobaatar lingyuanensis Hu and Wang 2002
†Sinobaatar xiei Kusuhashi et al. 2009
G. †Tedoribaatar Kusuhashi 2008
+
†Tedoribaatar reini Kusuhashi 2008
G. †Glirodon Engelmann and Callison 1999
+
†Glirodon grandis Engelmann and Callison 1999
Fm. †Hahnotheriidae Butler and Hooker 2005
+
G. †Hahnotherium Butler and Hooker 2005
+
†Hahnotherium antiquum Butler and Hooker 2005
Fm. †Haramyidae
+
G. †Avashishta Anantharaman et al. 2006
+
†Avashishta bacharamensis Anantharaman et al. 2006
G. †Staffia Heinrich 1999
+
†Staffia aenigmatica Heinrich 1999
Fm. †Paulchoffatiidae Hahn 1969
+
G. †Cimbriodon Martin et al. 2019
+
†Cimbriodon multituberculatus Martin et al. 2019
G. †Galveodon Hahn and Hahn 1992
+
†Galveodon nannothus Hahn and Hahn 1992
G. †Henkelodon Hahn 1977
+
†Henkelodon naias Hahn 1977
Subfm. †Kuehneodontinae Hahn 1971
+
G. †Kuehneodon Hahn 1969
+
†Kuehneodon barcasensis Hahn and Hahn 2001
†Kuehneodon dietrichi Hahn 1969
†Kuehneodon hahni Antunes 1998
†Kuehneodon simpsoni Hahn 1969
G. †Meketichoffatia Hahn 1993
+
G. †Paulchoffatia Kühne 1961
+
†Paulchoffatia delgadoi Kuhne 1961
Subfm. †Paulchoffatiinae Hahn 1971
+
G. †Bathmochoffatia Hahn and Hahn 1998
+
†Bathmochoffatia hapax Hahn and Hahn 1998
G. †Guimarotodon Hahn 1969
+
G. †Kielanodon Hahn 1987
+
†Kielanodon hopsoni Hahn 1987
G. †Meketibolodon Hahn 1993
+
G. †Plesiochoffatia Hahn and Hahn 1999
+
†Plesiochoffatia peperethos Hahn and Hahn 1998
†Plesiochoffatia staphylos Hahn and Hahn 1998
†Plesiochoffatia thoas Hahn and Hahn 1998
Invalid names: Parachoffatia Hahn and Hahn 1998 [replaced]
G. †Pseudobolodon Hahn 1977
+
†Pseudobolodon dryas Hahn 1977
†Pseudobolodon krebsi Hahn and Hahn 1994
†Pseudobolodon oreas Hahn 1977
G. †Renatodon Hahn 2001
+
†Renatodon amalthea Hahn 2001
G. †Xenachoffatia Hahn and Hahn 1998
+
†Xenachoffatia oinopion Hahn and Hahn 1998
G. †Sunnyodon Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom 1992
+
†Sunnyodon notleyi Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom 1992
Subor. †Plagiaulacida Ameghino 1889
+
Fm. †Albionbaataridae Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom 1994
+
G. †Albionbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom 1994
+
†Albionbaatar denisae Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom 1994
G. †Kielanobaatar Kusuhashi et al. 2010
+
†Kielanobaatar badaohaoensis Kusuhashi et al. 2010
G. †Proalbionbaatar Hahn and Hahn 1998
+
†Proalbionbaatar plagiocyrtus Hahn and Hahn 1998
Superfm. †Allodontoidea Marsh 1889
+
G. †Passumys Cifelli et al. 2014
+
†Passumys angelli Cifelli et al. 2014
G. †Argillomys Cifelli et al. 2013
+
†Argillomys marylandensis Cifelli et al. 2013
G. †Iberica Badiola et al. 2011
+
†Iberica hahni Badiola et al. 2011
G. †Janumys Eaton and Cifelli 2001
+
†Janumys erebos Eaton and Cifelli 2001
Fm. †Pinheirodontidae Hahn and Hahn 1999
+
G. †Bernardodon Hahn and Hahn 1999
+
†Bernardodon atlanticus Hahn and Hahn 1999
G. †Bructerodon Martin et al. 2021
+
†Bructerodon alatus Martin et al. 2021
G. †Cantalera Badiola et al. 2008
+
†Cantalera abadi Badiola et al. 2008
G. †Ecprepaulax Hahn and Hahn 1999
+
†Ecprepaulax anomala Hahn and Hahn 1999
G. †Gerhardodon Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom 1992
+
†Gerhardodon purbeckensis Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom 1992
G. †Iberodon Hahn and Hahn 1999
+
†Iberodon quadrituberculatus Hahn and Hahn 1999
G. †Lavocatia Canudo and Cuenca-Bescós 1996
+
†Lavocatia alfambrensis Canudo and Cuenca-Bescós 1996
G. †Pinheirodon Hahn and Hahn 1999
+
†Pinheirodon pygmaeus Hahn and Hahn 1999
†Pinheirodon vastus Hahn and Hahn 1999
G. †Teutonodon Martin et al. 2016
+
†Teutonodon langenbergensis Martin et al. 2019
Fm. †Plagiaulacidae Gill 1872
+
G. †Bolodon Owen 1871
+
†Bolodon crassidens Owen 1871
†Bolodon elongatus Simpson 1928
†Bolodon falconeri Owen 1871
†Bolodon hydei Cifelli et al. 2014
†Bolodon minor Falconer 1857
†Bolodon osborni Simpson 1928
Invalid names: Plioprion Cope 1884 [synonym]
G. †Novaculadon Weston et al. 2025
+
†Novaculadon mirabilis Weston et al. 2025
G. †Plagiaulax Falconer 1857
+
†Plagiaulax becklesii Falconer 1857
+
Invalid names: Plagiaulax medius Owen 1871 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bolodontidae Osborn 1887 [synonym], Plagiaulacinae Gill 1872 [empty]
Invalid names: Gondwanatherioidea Bonaparte 1986 [empty], Paulchoffatioidea Hahn 1969 [empty], Polymastodontidae Cope 1884 [empty]
G. †Rugosodon Yuan et al. 2013
+
†Rugosodon eurasiaticus Yuan et al. 2013
G. †Tagaria Averianov et al. 2020
+
†Tagaria antiqua Averianov et al. 2020
G. †Tashtykia Averianov et al. 2020
+
†Tashtykia primaeva Averianov et al. 2020
Subor. †Tritylodontoidea Simpson 1928
+
Invalid names: Bienotheriidae Young 1940 [empty]
Fm. †Zofiabaataridae Bakker 1992
+
G. †Zofiabaatar Bakker and Carpenter 1990
+
†Zofiabaatar pulcher Bakker and Carpenter 1990
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: arborealo
Diet: herbivoreo
Comments: see also Simpson 1937 Bull USNM, who hypothesizes that multis were largely arborealo
Created: 2005-09-01 17:42:57
Modified: 2005-09-01 19:42:57
Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Hopson 1973, Carroll 1988, Jenkins and Krause 1983

Age range: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Middle Chadronian or 205.70000 to 33.90000 Ma

Collections (863 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Bolodon sp. (194663)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4France (Lorraine) Multituberculata indet. (36106)
Toarcian - Aalenian184.2 - 170.9India (Andhra Pradesh) Indobaatar zofiae (39673)
Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Tagaria antiqua, Tashtykia primaeva (61891)
Early/Lower Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (England) Multituberculata indet. (31054)
Late/Upper Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (England) Hahnotheriidae indet., Hahnotherium antiquum (224639) Hahnotherium antiquum (57124 131073) Paulchoffatiidae indet., Hahnotherium antiquum (39075)
Late/Upper Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Switzerland Parachoffatia sp. (193321 193322)
Late/Upper Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Germany Parachoffatia sp. (62257)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8China (Liaoning) Rugosodon eurasiaticus (114842)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Portugal (Centro) Paulchoffatiidae gen. A, Paulchoffatiidae gen. B, Paulchoffatiidae gen. C, Paulchoffatiidae gen. D sp. 1, Paulchoffatiidae gen. D sp. 2, Paulchoffatiidae gen. D sp. 3, Paulchoffatiidae gen. D sp. 4, Henkelodon sp., Kuehneodon sp., Meketichoffatia sp., Parachoffatia peperethos, Paulchoffatia delgadoi, Pseudobolodon oreas, Henkelodon naias, Kuehneodon dietrichi, Kuehneodon dryas, Kuehneodon simpsoni, Guimarotodon leiriensis, Parachoffatia thoas, Xenachoffatia oinopion, Bathmochoffatia hapax, Kielanodon hopsoni, Meketichoffatia krausei, Renatodon amalthea, Kuehneodon guimarotensis, Kuehneodon uniradiculatus, Proalbionbaatar plagiocyrtus, Parachoffatia staphylos, Pseudobolodon krebsi, Pseudobolodon sp., Pseudobolodon robustus (24563)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Wyoming) Ectypodus lovei (16513 16514 16517) Neoplagiaulacidae indet. (16630)
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Montana) Ectypodus lovei (222922)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Montana) Ectypodus sp. (16854)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Ectypodus lovei (16845 16846)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Wyoming) Ectypodus lovei (16884) Ectypodus sp. (16826)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Ectypodus lovei (16961) Ectypodus sp. (17009)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (North Dakota) Ectypodus lovei, Neoplagiaulacidae indet. (16991)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (Nebraska) Ectypodus sp. (17014)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Ectypodus lovei (16919)
Middle Chadronian37.0 - 33.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Ectypodus lovei, Neoplagiaulacidae sp. (16928)