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Physogaleus
Taxonomy
Physogaleus was named by Cappetta (1980) [Sepkoski's age data: ].
It was assigned to Galeocerdinae by Noubhani and Cappetta (1997); to Carcharhiniformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Galeocerdidae by Popov et al. (2025); to Carcharhinidae by Cappetta (1980), Tabuce et al. (2005), Rana et al. (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Maisch et al. (2014), Carnevale et al. (2014), Case et al. (2015), Hastings and Dooley (2017), Kent (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Landini et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Ebersole et al. (2021), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2022), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2026); and to Galeocerdonidae by Maisch IV et al. (2025), Marramà et al. (2026).
It was assigned to Galeocerdinae by Noubhani and Cappetta (1997); to Carcharhiniformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Galeocerdidae by Popov et al. (2025); to Carcharhinidae by Cappetta (1980), Tabuce et al. (2005), Rana et al. (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Maisch et al. (2014), Carnevale et al. (2014), Case et al. (2015), Hastings and Dooley (2017), Kent (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Landini et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Ebersole et al. (2021), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2022), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2026); and to Galeocerdonidae by Maisch IV et al. (2025), Marramà et al. (2026).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Entered
by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by M. Uhen on 2021-03-08
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1980 | Physogaleus Cappetta p. 37 |
| 1997 | Physogaleus Noubhani and Cappetta p. 85 |
| 2002 | Physogaleus Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Physogaleus Tabuce et al. p. 387 |
| 2006 | Physogaleus Rana et al. p. 515 |
| 2009 | Physogaleus Cicimurri and Knight p. 632 |
| 2014 | Physogaleus Carnevale et al. p. 41 |
| 2014 | Physogaleus Maisch et al. p. 192 |
| 2015 | Physogaleus Case et al. p. 1128 |
| 2017 | Physogaleus Hastings and Dooley p. 83 |
| 2018 | Physogaleus Kent p. 110 |
| 2019 | Physogaleus Ebersole et al. p. 91 |
| 2019 | Physogaleus Landini et al. p. 360 |
| 2020 | Physogaleus Villafaña et al. |
| 2021 | Physogaleus Ebersole et al. p. 488 |
| 2021 | Physogaleus Rana et al. p. 9 |
| 2022 | Physogaleus Cicimurri et al. |
| 2024 | Physogaleus Ebersole et al. p. 9 |
| 2025 | Physogaleus Cicimurri et al. p. 26 |
| 2025 | Physogaleus Cicimurri et al. p. 14 |
| 2025 | Physogaleus Maisch IV et al. p. 24 |
| 2025 | Physogaleus Popov et al. |
| 2026 | Physogaleus Cicimurri et al. p. 471 |
| 2026 | Physogaleus Marramà et al. p. 12 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Physogaleus Cappetta 1980
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†Physogaleus alabamensis Leriche 1942
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Invalid names: Galeocerdo aegyptiacus Stromer 1905 [synonym]
†Physogaleus americanus Case 1994
†Physogaleus contortus Gibbes 1847
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Invalid names: Galeocerdo acutus Storms 1894 [synonym], Galeocerdo productus Agassiz 1856 [synonym], Galeocerdo triqueter Eastman 1904 [synonym]
†Physogaleus cuvieri Agassiz 1835
†Physogaleus hemmooriensis Reinecke and Hoedemakers 2006
†Physogaleus latus Storms 1894
†Physogaleus maltzani Winkler 1875
†Physogaleus onkensis Boulemia and Adnet 2023
†Physogaleus rosehillensis Case and Borodin 2000
†Physogaleus secundus Winkler 1876
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Invalid names: Galeorhinus formosus Arambourg 1952 [synonym]
†Physogaleus singularis Probst 1878
†Physogaleus tertius Winkler 1874
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Paleocene to the top of the Early/Lower Pliocene or 59.24000 to 3.60000 Ma
Collections (257 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Virginia) | Galeocerdo contortus (84048) | |
| Thanetian | Togo | P. sp. (61561) | |
| Thanetian | Algeria | P. secundus, P. onkensis (232262) | |
| Thanetian | France | P. secundus (276443 276444 276446 277714) | |
| Thanetian | Chile (Biobío) | P. secundus (280715) | |
| Thanetian | Nigeria | P. sp. (277314) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | India | P. sp. (210158) | |
| MP 10 | France (Picardie) | P. sp. (68440) | |
| Ypresian | Morocco | P. secundus (116904 158991 214840 214846 214847 214849 214850 214851) | |
| Ypresian | Senegal | P. secundus (209380 280760 280766 280767) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | P. contortus (18554) | |
| Tortonian | Peru | P. contortus (277545) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Galeocerdo contortus (24237) P. contortus (96700) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Virginia) | P. contortus (152251) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Costa Rica (Limon) | P. sp. (162678) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Panama (Panama) | P. contortus (191989 191993 191994 191995 191996) P. sp. (191998) P. sp., P. contortus (191987) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (Florida) | P. contortus (162452 162457) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (Florida) | P. contortus (276265) | |
| Messinian | USA (Virginia) | P. contortus (179732) | |
| Pliocene - Gelasian | USA (Florida) | P. contortus (242028) | |