PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Physogaleus

Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae

Taxonomy

Physogaleus was named by Cappetta (1980) [Sepkoski's age data: ].

It was assigned to Galeocerdinae by Noubhani and Cappetta (1997); to Carcharhiniformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Carcharhinidae by Cappetta (1980), Tabuce et al. (2005), Rana et al. (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Maisch et al. (2014), Carnevale et al. (2014), Case et al. (2015), Hastings and Dooley (2017), Kent (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Landini et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020) and Cicimurri et al. (2022).

Species

P. contortus, P. cuvieri, P. hemmooriensis, P. onkensis, P. secundus (syn. Trigonodus tertius, Galeorhinus formosus)

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. americanus, P. latus, P. tertius

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1980	Physogaleus Cappetta p. 37
1997	Physogaleus Noubhani and Cappetta p. 85
2002	Physogaleus Sepkoski
2005	Physogaleus Tabuce et al. p. 387
2006	Physogaleus Rana et al. p. 515
2009	Physogaleus Cicimurri and Knight p. 632
2014	Physogaleus Carnevale et al. p. 41
2014	Physogaleus Maisch et al. p. 192
2015	Physogaleus Case et al. p. 1128
2017	Physogaleus Hastings and Dooley p. 83
2018	Physogaleus Kent p. 110
2019	Physogaleus Ebersole et al. p. 91
2019	Physogaleus Landini et al. p. 360
2020	Physogaleus Villafaña et al.
2022	Physogaleus Cicimurri et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Chondrichthyes

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii	()
—	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
superorder	Galeomorphii	Compagno 1973
order	Carcharhiniformes	Compagno 1973
family	Carcharhinidae	Jordan and Evermann 1896
genus	Physogaleus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Physogaleus Cappetta 1980

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†Physogaleus contortus Gibbes 1847

†Physogaleus cuvieri Agassiz 1835

†Physogaleus hemmooriensis Reinecke and Hoedemakers 2006

†Physogaleus onkensis Boulemia and Adnet 2023

†Physogaleus secundus Winkler 1876

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Invalid names: Galeorhinus formosus Arambourg 1952 [synonym], Trigonodus tertius Winkler 1874 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Created:

2009-07-21 06:53:24

Modified:

2009-07-21 08:53:24

Source: o = order, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Paleocene to the top of the Messinian or 58.70000 to 5.33300 Ma

Collections (134 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	Algeria	P. secundus, P. onkensis (232262)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	USA (Mississippi)	P. americanus, P. tertius, P. sp. (62872)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	USA (Virginia)	Galeocerdo contortus (84048)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Aude)	P. tertius (182641)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	Physodon tertius (8050 13299 185933) P. secundus (3260)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Morocco	P. secundus (116904 158991 214840 214846 214847 214849 214850 214851)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Senegal	P. secundus (209379)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	India (Gujarat)	P. sp. (180565)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Italy	P. cuvieri (94830)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (South Carolina)	P. secundus (203258)
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	USA (Alabama)	P. secundus (81189 209524) P. sp., P. secundus (81179)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Virginia)	P. secundas (15595)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	USA (Mississippi)	P. americanus, P. tertius (62890)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	India	P. sp. (210158)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene	55.8 - 37.71	United Kingdom (England)	P. secundus (3256 3257 3258)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene	55.8 - 37.71	Canada (Northwest Territory)	P. secundus (190390)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene	55.8 - 37.71	Canada (Northwest Territories)	P. americanus, P. secundus (193066) P. secundus (193065 193067 193068 193070 193071 193072 193073 193074)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Texas)	P. secundus (209370 209371)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	United Kingdom (England)	Physodon tertius (41888) P. secundus (41989 41992 41994 41996 41998)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Alabama)	P. secundus (13346 81224 209522 209523) P. sp., P. secundus (209521)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Ukraine	P. tertius (211009)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Togo	P. sp. (32991)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Ukraine (Luhansk)	P. minor, P. secundus (120885)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Uzbekistan	Physodon tertius (45701 45702) P. sp. (62573)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Ukraine (Crimea)	P. tertius (140018)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene	47.8 - 33.9	Egypt	P. tertius (62459)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Western Sahara	P. sp. (175734)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Alabama)	P. secundus (81266 176944 205834 209520)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Louisiana)	Galeocerdo contortus (75638)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Western Sahara	P. sp. (96686 96688)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (South Carolina)	P. latus (202013 202014)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Egypt	P. sp. (96952 137546 137547 137548 137550 137551 137554 137558 137568 137569 137579 137582)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Georgia)	P. sp., P. secundus (45640)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Jordan	P. sp. (32899)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Georgia)	P. sp. (160400)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Egypt	P. tertius (62468)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	France	P. latus (69805)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Germany	P. latus (95898)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	USA (South Carolina)	P. contortus (224900) P. sp., P. contortus (60444)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	P. latus (68021)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Poland	P. latus (186589)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	USA (North Carolina)	P. aduncas (71651)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	USA (South Carolina)	P. aduncas (211540) P. sp. (97550)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Panama (Panama)	P. contortus (159349)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	USA (North Carolina)	Galeocerdo contortus (71660)
Aquitanian - Langhian	23.03 - 13.82	USA (North Carolina)	Galeocerdo contortus (48887)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	USA (Maryland)	Galeocerdo contortus (57786 70593)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Peru (Ica)	P. contortus (100330)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Italy	Galeocerdo contortus (70814)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Hungary	Galeocerdo contortus (210623)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Germany (Bavaria)	P. contortus (210593)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	USA (Delaware)	Galeocerdo contortus (18579)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Peru	P. contortus (167732)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Cuba	Galeocerdo contortus (159595)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	USA (Maryland)	Galeocerdo contortus (48884)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	USA (Virginia)	P. contortus (79793)
MN 5	15.97 - 13.65	Germany	P. sp. (46955)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Peru	Galeocerdo contortus (113242 113244)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	USA (Maryland)	Galeocerdo contortus (55396 57782 60376)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	USA (Virginia)	P. contortus (57700)
Badenian	13.65 - 12.7	Belgium	P. contortus, P. hemmooriensis (208831)
Early/Lower Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Florida)	Galeocerdo contortus (161374) P. contortus (162456)
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Florida)	P. contortus (18554)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (Virginia)	P. contortus (152251)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Panama	Galeocerdo contortus (24237) P. contortus (96700)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	USA (Florida)	P. contortus (162452 162457)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Costa Rica (Limon)	P. sp. (162678)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Panama (Panama)	P. contortus (191989 191993 191994 191995 191996) P. sp. (191998) P. sp., P. contortus (191987)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	USA (Virginia)	P. contortus (179732)