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Protospinacidae
Taxonomy
Protospinacidae was named by Woodward (1919). Its type is Protospinax.
It was assigned to Squaliformes by Thies (1983); to Hypnosqualea by Underwood (2002), Delsate (2003) and Underwood and Ward (2004); and to Protospinaciformes by Underwood (2006).
It was assigned to Squaliformes by Thies (1983); to Hypnosqualea by Underwood (2002), Delsate (2003) and Underwood and Ward (2004); and to Protospinaciformes by Underwood (2006).
Subtaxa
Breviacanthus, Protospinax (type genus)
Synonymy list
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Protospinacidae Woodward 1919
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G. †Protospinax Woodward 1919
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†Protospinax annectans Woodward 1919
†Protospinax bilobatus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax carvalhoi Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax lochensteinensis Thies 1983
†Protospinax magnus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax planus Underwood 2002
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Toarcian to the top of the Early/Lower Valanginian or 180.10000 to 136.40000 Ma
Collections (24 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Toarcian | Germany | Protospinax sp. (148936) | |
Levesquei | Luxembourg | Protospinax sp. (148935) | |
Variabilis | Luxembourg | Protospinax sp. (141383 141384) | |
Late/Upper Toarcian | Germany | Protospinax sp. (139230) | |
Thouarsense | Luxembourg | Protospinax sp. (141386 141387 141389) | |
Early/Lower Bajocian | France (Grand Est) | Protospinax bilobatus, Protospinax magnus (179498) | |
Laeviuscula | France | Protospinax carvalhoi (179497) | |
Bathonian | United Kingdom | Nemacanthus brevis (131844) | |
Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Protospinax bilobatus (91450) | |
Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Breviacanthus brevis (91449) | |
Middle Bathonian - Late/Upper Bathonian | Poland | Protospinax sp. 1 (141283) Protospinax sp. 2 (141286) | |
Callovian | United Kingdom | Protospinax annectans (137185) | |
Late/Upper Callovian | Luxembourg | Protospinax sp. 1, Protospinax sp. 2, Protospinax annectans (91447) | |
Late/Upper Callovian | Poland | Protospinax sp. 1, Protospinax sp. 2 (117993) | |
Middle Callovian | Poland | Protospinax sp. 1, Protospinax sp. 2 (97035) | |
Oxfordian | Germany | Protospinax lochensteinensis (137169) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian | Spain | Protospinax sp. (151900) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | United Kingdom (England) | Protospinax planus (140224) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Protospinax annectans (121197) | |
Early/Lower Valanginian | France (Gard) | Protospinax sp. (213631) |