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Protospinax
Taxonomy
Protospinax was named by Woodward (1919) [Sepkoski's age data: J Tith-l Sepkoski's reference number: 525,884]. It is the type genus of Protospinacidae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Belemnobatis by Maisey (1976).
It was assigned to Squalidae by Jordan (1963); to Squalomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); to Squaliformes by Adnet et al. (2008); and to Protospinacidae by Woodward (1919), Thies (1983), Underwood (2002), Delsate (2003), Kriwet (2003), Underwood and Ward (2004), Guinot et al. (2014) and Delsate and Felten (2015).
It was synonymized subjectively with Belemnobatis by Maisey (1976).
It was assigned to Squalidae by Jordan (1963); to Squalomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); to Squaliformes by Adnet et al. (2008); and to Protospinacidae by Woodward (1919), Thies (1983), Underwood (2002), Delsate (2003), Kriwet (2003), Underwood and Ward (2004), Guinot et al. (2014) and Delsate and Felten (2015).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1919 | Protospinax Woodward p. 233 |
| 1963 | Protospinax Jordan p. 601 |
| 1983 | Protospinax Thies p. 21 |
| 2002 | Protospinax Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Protospinax Underwood |
| 2003 | Protospinax Delsate p. 9 |
| 2003 | Protospinax Kriwet p. 591 |
| 2004 | Protospinax Underwood and Ward p. 483 |
| 2008 | Protospinax Adnet et al. p. 717 |
| 2014 | Protospinax Guinot et al. p. 68 |
| 2015 | Protospinax Delsate and Felten p. 12 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Protospinax Woodward 1919
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†Protospinax annectans Woodward 1919
†Protospinax bilobatus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax carvalhoi Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax lochensteinensis Thies 1983
†Protospinax magnus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax planus Underwood 2002
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Toarcian to the top of the Early/Lower Valanginian or 180.10000 to 136.40000 Ma
Collections (22 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toarcian | Germany | P. sp. (148936) | |
| Levesquei | Luxembourg | P. sp. (148935) | |
| Variabilis | Luxembourg | P. sp. (141383 141384) | |
| Late/Upper Toarcian | Germany | P. sp. (139230) | |
| Thouarsense | Luxembourg | P. sp. (141386 141387 141389) | |
| Early/Lower Bajocian | France (Grand Est) | P. bilobatus, P. magnus (179498) | |
| Laeviuscula | France | P. carvalhoi (179497) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | P. bilobatus (91450) | |
| Middle Bathonian - Late/Upper Bathonian | Poland | P. sp. 1 (141283) P. sp. 2 (141286) | |
| Callovian | United Kingdom | P. annectans (137185) | |
| Late/Upper Callovian | Poland | P. sp. 1, P. sp. 2 (117993) | |
| Late/Upper Callovian | Luxembourg | P. sp. 1, P. sp. 2, P. annectans (91447) | |
| Middle Callovian | Poland | P. sp. 1, P. sp. 2 (97035) | |
| Oxfordian | Germany | P. lochensteinensis (137169) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | Spain | P. sp. (151900) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | United Kingdom (England) | P. planus (140224) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | P. annectans (121197) | |
| Early/Lower Valanginian | France (Gard) | P. sp. (213631) |