Angiospermae - Dipsacales - Caprifoliaceae
Parent taxon: Dipsacales according to The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
See also Chandler 1961, Chandler 1962, Chandler 1963, Chandler 1964, Christophel 1976, Hickey 1977, Knowlton 1919, Mabberley 2000, MacGinitie 1941, McIver and Basinger 1993 and Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Adoxaceae, Dipsacaceae, Morinaceae, Valerianaceae
Subtaxa: Abelia Leycesteria Lonicera Patrinia Viburniphyllum Viburnites Viburnum Weigela
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of China (1 collection), India (18), United States (2: Florida, North Carolina)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of China (1)
• Pliocene of China (2), Germany (2), Japan (1), Portugal (1)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Germany (1), Japan (2)
• Miocene to Oligocene of United States (1: Montana)
• Miocene of China (2), Germany (3), Japan (5), Nepal (1), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (3), Switzerland (1), United States (1: California)
• Oligocene to Eocene of United States (1: Oregon)
• Oligocene of the Russian Federation (4)
• Eocene to Oligocene of North Korea (1)
• Eocene of Canada (1: British Columbia), China (3), the United Kingdom (1), United States (14: California, North Dakota, Washington)
• Clarkforkian of United States (12: North Dakota, Wyoming)
• Paleocene of Canada (5: Alberta, Saskatchewan), China (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (13: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming)
• Cretaceous of Canada (5: British Columbia), China (1), United States (5: South Dakota, Wyoming)
Total: 117 collections including 143 occurrences