Order Spariformes (ray-finned fish)

Osteichthyes - Spariformes

Parent taxon: Eupercaria according to R. van der Laan 2019

See also Betancur et al. 2013, Cicimurri et al. 2025 and Nelson et al. 2016

Sister taxa: Acanthuriformes, Asianthidae, Callanthiidae, Caproiformes, Caucasichthyidae, Centrarchiformes, Centrogenyidae, Chaetodontiformes, Dinolestidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Eotrigonodontidae, Ephippiformes, Exelliidae, Gerreiformes, Labriformes, Lobotiformes, Lophiiformes, Lutjaniformes, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Pempheriformes, Perciformes, Pietschellidae, Pomacanthidae, Priacanthiformes, Quasimullidae, Repropcidae, Scatophagidae, Siganidae, Sillaginidae, Tetraodontiformes, Uranoscopiformes

Subtaxa: Centracanthidae Lethrinidae Nemipteridae Sparidae

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Ecology:

Distribution:

• Quaternary of Australia (1 collection), France (1), Greece (7), Italy (3), the Marshall Islands (3), Spain (2)

• Pliocene of Angola (1), Greece (2), Italy (1), Morocco (1), Portugal (1), United States (1: Florida)

• Hemphillian of Costa Rica (1)

• Miocene of Algeria (5), Argentina (4), Austria (3), Colombia (1), Costa Rica (2), Czechia (3), France (7), Germany (3), Greece (5), Hungary (1), Indonesia (1), Italy (5), Japan (1), Kazakhstan (1), New Zealand (5), Panama (1), Poland (1), Portugal (2), Romania (1), Saudi Arabia (1), Slovakia (1), South Africa (1), Spain (8), Sri Lanka (2), Türkiye (1), United States (4: California)

• Neogene of Indonesia (3)

• Oligocene to Miocene of Greece (1), New Zealand (1)

• Oligocene of Belgium (1), France (1), Germany (3), Hungary (2), New Zealand (1), Oman (2), United States (4: Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina)

• Eocene of Antarctica (2), Barbados (1), Belgium (2), France (2), Germany (1), Italy (1), Libya (1), Namibia (1), New Zealand (2), the United Kingdom (13), United States (2: Louisiana, Virginia)

• Paleocene of Denmark (2), Greenland (1), Ukraine (1), United States (1: Alabama)

• Cretaceous of Argentina (1), Brazil (1), France (6)

Total: 155 collections including 217 occurrences

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