PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125824 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean		Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan				3.6
			Montehermosan				3.7 *
			Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian					5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
			Chasicoan				7.9 *
			Mayoan				9.9 *
			Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian	Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian				15.98
			Santacrucian				16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
		Rupelian					27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian					37.71
		Lutetian					41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican				56
			Itaboraian				56.9 *
			Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
							509