Toros-Menalla (TM 266): Messinian, Chad
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Papillonoideae indet.
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Labeo sp.
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Sindarcharax sp.
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Alestini indet.
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Insecta
- Coleoptera
- Scarabaeidae
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Scarabaeidae indet.
(Latreille 1802)
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Scarabaeides | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Blattodea
- Hodotermitidae
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Hodotermitidae indet.
(Desneux 1904)
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original and current combination Psammotermitinae | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Suliformes
- Anhingidae
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Anhinga cf. pannonica
(Lambrect 1916)
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Louchart et al. 2008 | |||||||||
original and current combination Plotus pannonicus | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Ciconiiformes
- Ciconiidae
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Ephippiorhynchus sp.
Bonaparte 1855
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Louchart et al. 2008 | |||||||||
or Leptoptilos sp. A, small | ||||||||||
Ephippiorhynchus tchoufour n. sp.
Louchart et al. 2008
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Louchart et al. 2008 | |||||||||
Reptilia
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Crocodylus niloticus
Laurenti 1768
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Euthecodon cf. nitriae
Fortau 1920
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Reptilia
- Gavialidae
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Gavialidae indet.
Adams 1854
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gen et sp. nov. | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Testudinidae
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Testudinidae indet.
Batsch 1788
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[entered as Testudinae indet.] | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionychidae indet.
Gray 1825
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Reptilia
- Varanidae
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Varanus sp.
Merrem 1820
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Reptilia
- Colubridae
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Colubridae indet.
Oppel 1811
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Reptilia
- Boidae
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Python cf. sebae
Gmelin 1789
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Mammalia
- Tubulidentata
- Orycteropodidae
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Orycteropus cf. gaudryi
Forsyth Major 1888
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Loxodonta sp.
Cuvier 1825
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Lukeino stage | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Gomphotheriidae
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Anancus kenyensis
MacInnes 1942
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Herpestidae
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Galerella sanguinea
(Rüppell 1835)
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Peigné et al. 2005 | |||||||||
original and current combination Herpestes sanguineus | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Hyaenidae indet.
Gray 1821
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size of Proithitherium | ||||||||||
Hyaenictitherium cf. hyaenoides
Zdansky 1924
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Ictitherium sp.
Wagner 1848
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size of I. taurinum | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Machairodus kabir n. sp.
Peigne et al. 2005
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Peigne et al. 2005 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
recombined as Adeilosmilus kabir | ||||||||||
Machairodus cf. giganteus
Wagner 1848
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Lutrinae indet.
Baird 1857
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Hipparion cf. abudhabiense
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Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hexaprotodon sp.
Falconer and Cautley 1836
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sp. nov. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Anthracotheriidae
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Libycosaurus petrocchii
Bonnarelli 1947
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Mammalia
- Suidae
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Nyanzachoerus syrticus
(Leonardi 1954)
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original and current combination Sivachoerus syrticus | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Giraffidae
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Giraffidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Sivatherium cf. hendeyi
Harris 1976
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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aff. Palaeoryx sp.
Gaudry 1861
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Kobus sp.
Smith 1840
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Hippotragini indet.
Sundevall 1845
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gen. et sp. nov. | ||||||||||
Antilopini indet.
Gray 1821
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Bovini indet.
Gray 1821
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Xerus sp.
Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Murinae indet.
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Colobinae indet.
(Blyth 1875)
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Hominidae
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Hominidae indet.
Gray 1825
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gen. et sp. nov. | ||||||||||
Sahelanthropus tchadensis n. gen., n. sp.
Brunet et al. 2002
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Brunet et al. 2002 | |||||||||
Actinopteri
- Perciformes
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Perciformes indet.
Bleeker 1859
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Actinopteri
- Tetraodontiformes
- Tetraodontidae
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Tetraodon sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Actinopteri
- Siluriformes
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Siluriformes indet.
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Actinopteri
- Siluriformes
- Bagridae
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Bagrus sp.
Bosc 1816
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Actinopteri
- Characiformes
- Alestidae
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Hydrocynus sp.
Cuvier 1816
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Actinopteri
- Osteoglossiformes
- Gymnarchidae
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Gymnarchus sp.
Cuvier 1829
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Cladistia
- Polypteriformes
- Polypteridae
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Polypterus sp.
Lacépède 1803
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see common names |
Geography
Country: | Chad |
Coordinates: | 16.2° North, 17.5° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 16.0° North, 17.1° East |
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text |
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Neogene | Epoch: | Miocene |
Stage: | Messinian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
Key time interval: | Messinian | ||
Age range of interval: | 7.24600 - 5.33300 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: 5.2-7.4 Ma
all terrestrial vertebrates are from "the middle part of the section (about 2m thick... informally named the anthracotheriid unit (AU)" |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | poorly lithified sandstone |
Lithology description: poorly cemented sandstone | |
Environment: | lacustrine indet. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body,original phosphate |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | surface (in situ),field collection |
Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis |
Metadata
Database number: | 59839 | ||
Authorizer: | M. Uhen | Enterer: | M. Uhen |
Modifier: | M. Uhen | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2006-04-18 06:31:48 | Last modified: | 2013-06-27 15:21:21 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2006-04-18 06:31:48 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
17171. | P. Vignaud, P. Duringer, H. T. Mackaye, A. Likius, C. Blondel, J.-R. Boisserie, L. Bonis, V. Elsenmann, M.-E. Etienne, D. Geraads, F. Guy, T. Lehmann, F. Lihoreau, N. L.-L. Martinez, C. Mourer-Chauvier, O. Otero, J.-C. Rage, M. Schuster, L. Viriot, A. Zazzo, and M. Brunet. 2002. Geology and paleontology of the Upper Miocene Toros-Menalla hominid locality, Chad. Nature 418:152-155 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |
Secondary references:
17173 | M. Brunet, F. Guy, D. Pilbeam, H. T. Mackaye, A. Likius, D. Ahounta, A. Beauvilain, C. Blondel, H. Bocherens, J.-R. Boisserie, L. De Bonis, Y. Coppens, J. Dejax, C. Denys, P. Duringer, V. Eisenmann, G. Fanone, P. Fronty, D. Geraads, T. Lehmann, F. Lihoreau and A. Louchart. 2002. A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature 418:145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/P. Wagner] | |
65061 | A. Louchart, Y. Haile-Selassie, P. Vignaud, A. Likius, and M. Brunet. 2008. Fossil birds from the Late Miocene of Chad and Ethiopia and zooge- ographical implications. Oryctos 7:147-167 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
47358 | S. Peigne, L. de Bonis, A. Likius, H. T. Mackaye, P. Vignaud and M. Brunet. 2005. A new machairodontine (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of TM 266, Toros-Menalla, Chad. Comptes Rendus Palevol 4:243-253 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/P. Wagner] | |
66545 | S. Peigné, L. de Bonis, A. Likius, H. T. Mackaye, P. Vignaud and M. Brunet. 2005. The earliest modern mongoose (Carnivora, Herpestidae) from Africa (late Miocene of Chad). Naturwissenschaften 92:287-292 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |