Fossil Lake: Late/Upper Pleistocene, Oregon
collected by T. Condon, C. H. Sternberg, E. D. Cope, A. M. Alexander, C. Stock, E. L. Furlong 1876, 1877, 1879, 1901, 1923, 1924
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Elephas ? columbi
Falconer 1857
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| recombined as Mammuthus columbi | ||||||||||
| includes E. primigenius and E. imperator of previous authors | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Taxidea sp.
Waterhouse 1839
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| said to be new; includes Lutra of Matthew | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Arctotherium sp.
Bravard 1857
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= Arctodus sp.
Leidy 1854
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Alroy 2011 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Canis cf. dirus
Leidy 1858
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| recombined as Aenocyon dirus | ||||||||||
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Canis cf. occidentalis
Richardson 1829
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| synonym of Canis lupus | ||||||||||
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Canis latrans
Say 1823
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Vulpes sp.
Frisch 1775
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Felis sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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| large and small forms | ||||||||||
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= Felinae indet.
Trouessart 1885
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Lutugin 1894 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Tayassuidae
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Platygonus sp.
Leconte 1848
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| small | ||||||||||
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Platygonus cf. vetus
Leidy 1882
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Mammalia
- Antilocapridae
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Antilocapra cf. americana
(Ord 1815)
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Mammalia
- Camelidae
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? Tanupolama sp.
Stock 1928
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| synonym of Hemiauchenia | ||||||||||
| includes Eschatius vitakeriana type of Cope | ||||||||||
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Eschatius sp.
Cope 1884
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| nomen dubium belonging to Camelops | ||||||||||
| includes E. conidens (referred specimen) and E. longirostris (type) of Cope | ||||||||||
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Camelops hesternus
(Leidy 1873)
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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| small | ||||||||||
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Equus pacificus
Leidy 1868
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| synonym of Equus (Hesperohippus) mexicanus | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Microtus montanus
(Peale 1848)
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Fiber oregonus n. sp.
Hollister 1911
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| synonym of Ondatra annectens | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
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Castor sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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| said to be new | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Geomyidae
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Thomomys townsendi
(Bachman 1839)
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| recombined as Thomomys townsendii | ||||||||||
| includes T. near clusius, T. talpoides, T. bulbivorus, T. sp., and T. scudderi type of previous authors | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Mylodontidae
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Mylodon cf. harlani
(Owen 1840)
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| recombined as Paramylodon harlani | ||||||||||
| "Mylodon, near harlani" (includes M. sodalis type of Cope) | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Accipitriformes
- Accipitridae
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Haliaeetus leucocephalus
(Linnaeus 1766)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Aquila chrysaetos
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Hypomorphnus ? sodalis
(Shufeldt 1891)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Aquila sodalis | ||||||||||
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Spizaetus pliogryps
(Shufeldt 1891)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Aquila pliogryps | ||||||||||
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Circus cyaneus
(Linnaeus 1766)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Recurvirostridae
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Recurvirostra americana
Gmelin 1789
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Himantopus mexicanus
(Muller 1776)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Laridae
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Sterna forsteri
Nuttall 1834
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Larus oregonus
Shufeldt 1891
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Larus californicus
Lawrence 1854
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Larus robustus
Shufeldt 1891
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Chlidonias nigra
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Chlidonias niger | ||||||||||
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Larus philadelphia
(Ord 1815)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Chroicocephalus philadelphia | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Stercorariidae
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Stercorarius schufeldti n. sp.
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Scolopacidae
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Erolia melanotos
(Vieillot 1819)
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Jehl 1967 | |||||||||
| recombined as Calidris melanotos | ||||||||||
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Numenius ? americanus
Bechstein 1812
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Totanus melanoleucas
(Gmelin 1789)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Tringa melanoleuca | ||||||||||
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Limnodromus ? griseus
(Gmelin 1789)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Lobipes lobatus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Phalaropus lobatus | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Falconidae
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Falco oregonus n. sp.
Howard 1946
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Phasianidae
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Palaeotetrix gillii
Shufeldt 1891
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Dendragapus gilli | ||||||||||
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Pedioecetes phasianellus
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Tympanuchus phasianellus | ||||||||||
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Dendragapus nanus
(Shufeldt 1891)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Dendragapus lucasi
(Shufeldt 1892)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Pedioecetes lucasi | ||||||||||
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Centrocercus urophasianus
(Bonaparte 1827)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Corvidae
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Corvus corax
Linnaeus 1758
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Passeriformes
- Icteridae
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? Agelaius sp.
Vieillot 1816
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Molothrus ? ater
(Boddaert 1783)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Euphagus cyanocephalus
(Wagler 1829)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Sturnella sp.
Vieillot 1816
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| or Xanthocephalus | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Gruiformes
- Rallidae
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Rallus limicola
Vieillot 1819
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Fulica americana
Gmelin 1789
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| subspecies minor | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Strigiformes
- Strigidae
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Bubo virginianus
(Gmelin 1788)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Piciformes
- Picidae
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Colaptes cafer
(Gmelin 1788)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Colaptes auratus cafer | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Podicipediformes
- Podicipedidae
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Aechmophorus occidentalis
(Lawrence 1858)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| subspeceis lucasi | ||||||||||
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Colymbus parvus
Schufeldt 1913
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Podiceps parvus | ||||||||||
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Colymbus nigricollis
(Brehm 1831)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Podiceps nigricollis | ||||||||||
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Podilymbus podiceps
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Anseriformes
- Anatidae
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Mareca americana
(Gmelin 1789)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Spatula clypeata
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Anas cyanoptera
Viellot 1816
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Spatula cyanoptera | ||||||||||
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Nyroca ? collaris
(Donovan 1809)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Aythya collaris | ||||||||||
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Nyroca affinis
(Eyton 1838)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Aythya affinis | ||||||||||
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Nyroca americana
(Eyton 1838)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Aythya americana | ||||||||||
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Anabernicula sp.
Ross 1935
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Anabernicula oregonensis n. sp.
Howard 1964
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Howard 1964 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
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Anas acuta
Linnaeus 1758
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Anas carolinensis
Gmelin 1789
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Anas crecca carolinensis | ||||||||||
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Anas platyrhynchos
Linnaeus 1758
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Charitonetta albeola
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| synonym of Bucephala | ||||||||||
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Melanitta deglandi
(Bonaparte 1850)
|
Jehl 1967 | |||||||||
| recombined as Melanitta fusca deglandi | ||||||||||
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Melanitta perspicillata
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Mergus merganser
Linnaeus 1758
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Mergus serrator
Linnaeus 1758
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Clangula hyemalis
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Erismatura jamaicensis
(Gmelin 1789)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Oxyura jamaicensis | ||||||||||
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Chen rossii
Cassin 1861
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| recombined as Anser rossii | ||||||||||
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Anser albifrons
Scopoli 1769
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Chen hyperborea
(Pallas 1769)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| synonym of Anser caerulescens | ||||||||||
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Branta ? hypsibata
(Cope 1878)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Branta canadensis
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Branta propinqua
Shufeldt 1891
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Branta bernicla
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Cygnus buccinator
Richardson 1832
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Sthenelides paloregonus
(Cope 1878)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Cygnus paloregonus | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Suliformes
- Phalacrocoracidae
|
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Phalacrocorax macropus
(Cope 1878)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Phalacrocorax ? auritus
(Lesson 1831)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Pelecaniformes
- Pelecanidae
|
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Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Gmelin 1789
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Pelecaniformes
- Ardeidae
|
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Botaurus lentiginosus
(Rackett 1813)
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Ardea herodias
Linnaeus 1758
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
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Reptilia
- Phoenicopteriformes
- Phoenicopteridae
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Phoenicopterus copei
Shufeldt 1891
|
Howard 1946 | |||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | United States | State/province: | Oregon | County: | Lake |
| Coordinates: | 43.3° North, 120.5° West (view map) | ||||
| Paleocoordinates: | 43.3° North, 120.5° West | ||||
| Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||||
| Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| Stage: | Late/Upper Pleistocene | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Late/Upper Pleistocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 0.12900 - 0.01170 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphy comments: "early Pleistocene, approximating [the age] of Rancho La Brea" (i.e., late Pleistocene) |
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | sandstone |
| Secondary lithology: | claystone |
| Lithology description: "sand and clay" | |
| Environment: | lacustrine - large |
| Geology comments: the deposits "formed on the bottom" of a "large" lake | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | survey of museum collection | ||
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | ||
| Museum repositories: | AMNH,UCMP | ||
| Collectors: | T. Condon, C. H. Sternberg, E. D. Cope, A. M. Alexander, C. Stock, E. L. Furlong | Collection dates: | 1876, 1877, 1879, 1901, 1923, 1924 |
| Collection method comments: Sternberg and Cope material is at the AMNH; Alexander, Stock, and Furlong material is at the UCMP; Condon collection is at the University of Oregon and was not seen by Elftman | |||
| Taxonomic list comments:revises original descriptions of Cope (1878, 1884, 1889) and Matthew (1902) | |||
Metadata
| Database number: | 93251 | ||
| Authorizer: | J. Alroy, M. Uhen | Enterer: | J. Alroy, M. Uhen |
| Modifier: | M. Uhen | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2010-01-09 14:40:46 | Last modified: | 2022-03-07 10:14:48 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2010-01-09 14:40:46 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 31525. | H. O. Elftman. 1931. Pleistocene mammals of Fossil Lake, Oregon. American Museum Novitates 481:1-21 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |
Secondary references:
| 35631 | J. Alroy. 2011. Further attempts at halting the inevitable backwards progress of bad taxonomy. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
| 57924 | H. Howard. 1946. A review of the Pleistocene birds of Fossil Lake, Oregon. Carnegie Institution of Washington PUblication 551:141-195 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
| 65056 | H. Howard. 1964. A New Species of the "Pigmy Goose," Anabernicula, from the Oregon Pleistocene, with a Discussion of the Genus. American Museum Novitates 2200:1-14 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
| 57925 | J. R. Jehl. 1967. Pleistocene birds from Fossil Lake, Oregon. The Condor 69:24-27 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |