Castle Gardens: Wasatchian, Wyoming
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Angiospermae
- Rosales
- Ulmaceae
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Celtis phenacodorum
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Actinopteri
- Lepisosteiformes
- Lepisosteidae
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Lepisosteus sp.
Agassiz 1843
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Actinopteri
- Amiiformes
- Amiidae
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Amia sp.
Linnaeus 1766
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Reptilia
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Borealosuchus sp.
Brochu 1997
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see Holroyd et al. 2001 | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Squamata
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Squamata indet.
Oppel 1811
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"lizards" | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Xantusiidae
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Xantusiidae informal CG
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Smith 2009 | 8 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150827 (right maxilla fragment), 150965 (maxilla fragment; Fig. 8A, B), 150970 (right maxilla fragment), 167413 (left frontal fragment), 167495 (right maxilla fragment), 167575 (premaxilla), 167599 (right maxilla fragment), 167600 (left maxilla fragment). | ||||||||||
Palepidophyma paradisa n. gen., n. sp.
Smith and Gauthier 2013
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Smith and Gauthier 2013 | 8 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150827 (holotype), partial left maxilla; Paratypes: UCMP 150965, 150970 (right maxilla fragments), 167413 (left frontal fragment; Figure 11I, J), 167495 (right maxilla fragment), 167575 (premaxilla; Figure 11A, B), 167599 (right maxilla fragment), 167600 (left maxilla fragment). | ||||||||||
Palaeoxantusia informal sp. CG
Hecht 1956
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Smith 2009 | 23 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150829 (right dentary fragment), 150830 (left dentary fragment), 150848 (premaxilla; Fig. 9A, B), 150876 (partial right pterygoid; Fig. 9E), 150972, 150973 (right maxilla fragments), 150974 (partial left maxilla; Fig. 9C), 150975 (left maxilla fragment), 150986, 151029, 151069 (right dentary fragments), 151077 (left dentary fragment), 151080 (right dentary fragment), 167257 (dentary fragment), 167271 (right dentary fragment), 167289 (left pterygoid fragment; Fig. 9D), 167302 (right dentary fragment), 167334 (left maxilla fragment), 167390 (partial right quadrate; Fig. 9F-I), 167412 (left frontal fragment), 167460 (right spleniodentary fragment; Fig. 9J), 167533 (left dentary), 167550 (premaxilla). | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Necrosauridae
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cf. Provaranosaurus informal sp. CG
Gilmore 1942
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Smith 2009 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
UCMP 167299, right dentary fragment | ||||||||||
Reptilia
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Anguimorpha informal CG
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Smith 2009 | 9 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150871, 150872 (jaw fragments), 150920 (jaw fragment), 150969 (parietal fragment), 151038 (left frontal; Fig. 19B), 151067 (right maxilla fragment), 151095 (right maxilla fragment; Fig. 19A), 167499 (right maxilla fragment), 167553 (left maxilla fragment). | ||||||||||
= Entomophontes incrustatus
Smith and Gauthier 2013
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Smith and Gauthier 2013 | |||||||||
(same specimens as above) | ||||||||||
cf. Saniwa informal sp. CG-1
Leidy 1870
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Smith 2009 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150921 (jaw fragment with partial tooth), 151099 (premaxilla), 167572 (jaw fragment with tooth). | ||||||||||
Saniwa informal sp. CG-2
Leidy 1870
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Smith 2009 | 5 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150873 (right dentary fragment with tooth), 150971 (tooth), 167324 (distal right humerus), 167336 (edentulous left dentary fragment), 167355 (parietal fragment). | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Anguidae
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Gerrhonotinae informal CG
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Smith 2009 | 10 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150867 (left dentary fragment), 151094 (jaw fragment), 167255 (left maxilla fragment; Fig. 14A), 167268 (partial frontal; Fig. 14E), 167401 (left pterygoid fragment; Fig. 14C), ?167407 (frontal fragment), 167444 (left dentary fragment), 167500 (left jugal; Fig. 14D), 167511 (parietal fragment), 400181 (jaw fragment; Fig. 14B) | ||||||||||
Glyptosaurinae informal CG
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Smith 2009 | 5 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 151033 (right maxilla fragment; Fig. 16B), ?151068 (left pterygoid fragment), 151935 (parietal fragment; Fig. 17), 167269 (parietal fragment), ?167613 (right palatine fragment). | ||||||||||
Proxestops informal sp. CG
Gauthier 1982
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Smith 2009 | 28 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150828 (left maxilla fragment), 150856 (jaw fragment), 150861, 150862 (left maxilla fragments), 150863 (right maxilla fragment; Fig. 16A), 150865 (partial left dentary), 150866, 150868, 150869 (jaw fragments), 150961 (partial parietal; Fig. 15C, D), 150983, 150984 (right maxilla fragments), 151038 (left frontal), 151061 (dentary fragment), ?151099 (premaxilla fragment), 151930 (dentary fragment), 167253 (left dentary fragment; Fig. 15E), ?167254 (left maxilla fragment), 167267 (right frontal fragment), 167337 (left pterygoid fragment; Fig. 15A), 167400 (palatine), 167510 (small partial right frontal), 167511 (partial parietal), 167513 (parietal fragment), 167610 (left dentary fragment), 167614 (left frontal fragment), 167629 (jaw fragment), ?167673 (right jugal fragment; Fig. 15B) | ||||||||||
Gaultia silvaticus n. gen., n. sp.
Smith 2009
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Smith 2009 | 23 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 216000 (holotype), partial frontal; Paratypes: UCMP 150857 (partial parietal), 150928 (parietal fragment), 150966 (partial left frontal; Fig. 18E, F), 150967 (partial right dentary; Fig. 18K), 150968 (parietal fragment), 151030 (left and right dentary fragments; left one: Fig. 18J), 151034-151037 (jaw fragments), 151040 (parietal fragment), 151058 (dentary fragment), 151063, 151064 (jaw fragments), 151065 (right maxilla fragment; Figs 16C, 18B), 167245 (partial parietal; Fig. 18G, H), 167285 (left frontal fragment), 167296 (osteoderm), 167418 (skull fragment), 167523 (partial right palatine; Fig. 18C). Referred: UCMP 151044 (premaxilla; Fig. 18A), 167654 (right quadrate fragment; Fig. 18I). | ||||||||||
Apodosauriscus thermophilus n. sp.
Smith 2009
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Smith 2009 | 10 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 167422 (holotype), left frontal fragment; Paratypes: UCMP 167266 (right maxilla fragment), 167411 (parietal fragment; Fig. 1 1B, C), 167412 (left frontal fragment), 167421 (skull fragment), 167515 (left frontal fragment), 167603 (left dentary fragment; Fig. 1 1E), 400178 (left dentary fragment; Fig. 1 1D), 400179 (left dentary fragment). Referred: UCMP 167408 (left frontal fragment). | ||||||||||
cf. Eodiploglossus informal sp. CG
Gauthier 1982
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Smith 2009 | 12 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 150916 (right maxilla fragment), 150919 (right frontal), 150962 (partial left frontal; Fig. 12D), 151070,151071 (skull fragments), 167338 (partial right frontal), 167426 (left maxilla fragment; Fig. 12A), 167447 (left maxilla fragment), 167456 (jaw fragment), ?167527 (right pterygoid fragment; Fig. 12C), 167602 (right dentary fragment), 400180 (right maxilla fragment; Fig. 12B). | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Bipedidae
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Anniealexandria gansi n. gen., n. sp.
Smith 2009
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Smith 2009 | 52 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 167594 (holotype) partial left dentary. Paratypes: UCMP 150852-150854 (dentary fragments), 150855 (anterior half of right maxilla; Fig. 10C, D), 150886- 150888 (vertebra fragments), 150903-150906 (dentary fragments), 150912 (vertebra; Fig. 10H), 150941 (vertebra), 150949, 150976-150980, 150982 (dentary fragments), 151008 (left maxilla fragment), 151072 (dentary fragment), 151073 (right maxilla), 151074-151076 (dentary fragments), 151081 (right maxilla fragment), 151940 (right dentary fragment), 167258, 167259 (dentary fragments), 167262 (premaxilla; Fig. 10A, B), 167263 (right maxilla), 167301,167303,167304,167435-167439 (dentary fragments), 167440 (left maxilla), 167534, 167536-167538 (dentary fragments), 167570 (premaxilla), 167592, 167593 (dentary fragments), 167595 (partial right dentary; Fig. 10E), 167596, 167597 (dentary fragments). | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Iguanidae
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Iguanidae informal CG
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Smith 2009 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 151078, right dentary fragment; 400156, partial right postorbital; 400169, partial right squamosal | ||||||||||
Suzanniwana patriciana n. gen., n. sp.
Smith 2009
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Smith 2009 | 67 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 167664 (holotype), right postorbital; Paratypes: UCMP 150831 (right dentary fragment), 150833, 150834, 150836 (left dentary fragments), 150837 (right dentary fragment; Fig. 3P), 150838, 150839 (right dentary fragments), 150840, 150843, 150845 (dentary fragments), 150851, 150882 (jaw fragments), 150889 (premaxilla fragment), 150907, 150910, 150929 (jaw fragments), 150991, 150995 (jaw fragments), 151000 (frontal; Fig. 2P), 151006,151009 (jaw fragments), 151010 (right maxilla fragment; Fig. 2F), 151082 (left dentary fragment), 151083, 151084 (jaw fragments), 151089 (dentary fragment), 151939 (right maxilla fragment), 167244 (frontal), 167252 (dentary fragment), 167291 (prefrontal fragment), 167305 (left dentary fragment), 167353 (frontal fragment), 167376, 167378 (jugal fragments), 167380 (partial right jugal; Fig. 3A), 167402 (ectopterygoid fragment), 167403 (partial right ectopterygoid; Fig. 2H), 167406 (ectopterygoid), 167420 (partial right prefrontal; Fig. 2N, O), 167425 (right maxilla fragment; Fig. 2E), 167497 (jugal fragment), 167502,167506, 167508 (frontal fragments), 167524 (jugal fragment), 167531 (partial ectopterygoid), 167588 (partial articulated dentary and splenial; Fig. 3N, O), 167590 (right dentary fragment), 167653 (partial frontal), 167660 (right prefrontal; Fig. 2M), 167666 (premaxilla; Fig. 2A), 400154 (partial right postorbital; Fig. 3E-G), 400155 (partial right postorbital), 400161 (partial right ectopterygoid; Fig. 2I-L), 400162-400164 (partial right ectopterygoids), 400165 (left ectopterygoid fragment), 400170 (right jugal fragment; Fig. 3B), 400171 (left jugal fragment; Fig. 3C), 400172 (frontal fragment; Fig. 2Q), 400173 (frontal fragment; Fig. 2R), 400176 (partial parietal; Fig. 3H-K), 400177 (partial premaxilla; Fig. 2B, C, D). Referred specimens: UCMP 167399 (right pterygoid fragment; Fig. 2G), 400168 (partial left squamosal; Fig. 3L, M). | ||||||||||
Anolbanolis banalis n. gen., n. sp.
Smith 2009
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Smith 2009 | 47 specimens | ||||||||
UCMP 400150 (holotype), partial right postorbital; Paratypes: UCMP 150882 (left squamosal fragment), 150883 (partial right postorbital), 150892 (partial left postorbital; Fig. 5R), 150929 (left squamosal fragment), 150998, 151002 (jaw fragments), 151086 (left dentary fragment; Fig. 6G), 151087, 151090 (left dentary fragments), 167241 (partial parietal; Fig. 6D), 167242 (partial parietal; Fig. 6AC), 167290 (jugal fragment), 167292 (frontal fragment; Fig. 5J), 167293 (posterior fragment of frontal), 167305 (left dentary fragment), 167381 (right jugal fragment, Fig. 5N), 167384 (left jugal fragment, Fig. 5M), 167409, 167410 (frontal fragments), 167415 (partial parietal), 167424 (right maxilla fragment; Fig. 5A), 167453, 167454 (dentary fragments), 167498 (parietal fragment), 167501,167505 (frontal fragments), 167539, 167540, 167542, 167578, 167583 (jaw fragments), 167585 (right maxilla fragment), 167586 (left maxilla fragment), 167587 (left maxilla fragment; Fig. 5B), 167662 (left prefrontal; Fig. 5H, I), 400151 (right postorbital fragment; Fig. 5S, T), 400152 (partial left postorbital; Fig. 5U, V), 400153 (partial left postorbital; Fig. 5W, X), 400158 (partial left ectopterygoid; Fig. 5D-G), 400159 (partial left ectopterygoid), 400160 (partial right ectopterygoid), 400166 (partial left squamosal; Fig. 6E, F), 400167 (right squamosal fragment), 400174 (partial frontal; Fig. 5K), 400175 (frontal fragment; Fig. 5L). Referred specimen: UCMP 167398 (right pterygoid fragment; Fig. 5C) | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Geoemydidae
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Echmatemys sp.
Hay 1906
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see Holroyd et al. 2001 | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionychidae indet.
Gray 1825
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see Holroyd et al. 2001 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Multituberculata
- Neoplagiaulacidae
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cf. Parectypodus lunatus
Krause 1982
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Ectypodus tardus
(Jepsen 1940)
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
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Mimoperadectes labrus
Bown and Rose 1979
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(4 measurements) | ||||||||||
Peradectes protinnominatus
McKenna 1960
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Peratherium innominatum
Simpson 1928
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recombined as Herpetotherium innominatum | ||||||||||
(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Macroscelidea
- Amphilemuridae
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Macrocranion sp.
Weitzel 1949
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
= Macrocranion junnei
Smith et al. 2002
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Smith et al. 2002 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Condylarthra
- Hyopsodontidae
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Hyopsodus sp.
Leidy 1870
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Strait 2003 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Phenacodontidae
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Phenacodus cf. vortmani
(Cope 1880)
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Ectocion parvus
Granger 1915
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(6 measurements) | ||||||||||
Copecion davisi
Gingerich 1989
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Hyracotherium grangeri
Gingerich 1989
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recombined as Sifrhippus grangeri | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Procreodi
- Arctocyonidae
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Thryptacodon barae
Gingerich 1989
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Princetonia yalensis
Gingerich 1989
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Chriacus sp.
Cope 1883
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Chriacus badgleyi
Gingerich 1989
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Mammalia
- Creodonta
- Hyaenodontidae
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cf. Arfia junnei
Gingerich 1989
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Acarictis ryani
Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Viverravidae
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Didymictis sp.
Cope 1875
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cf. Viverravus politus
Matthew and Granger 1915
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Mammalia
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Vassacyon bowni n. sp.
Heinrich et al. 2008
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Heinrich et al. 2008 | |||||||||
Miacis deutschi
Gingerich 1983
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Acreodi
- Mesonychidae
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Dissacus praenuntius
Matthew and Granger 1915
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Parapternodontidae
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cf. Parapternodus sp.
Bown and Schankler 1982
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Strait 2003 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Nyctitheriidae
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cf. Pontifactor sp.
West 1974
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Strait 2003 | |||||||||
Wyonycteris sp.
Gingerich 1987
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Strait 2003 | |||||||||
Plagioctenodon savagei
Bown and Schankler 1982
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cylindrodontidae
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Reithroparamys ctenodactylops
Korth 1984
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Strait 2003 | |||||||||
recombined as Tuscahomys ctenodactylops | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Ischyromyidae
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Paramys taurus
Korth 1984
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cf. Paramys copei
Loomis 1907
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Acritoparamys atwateri
(Loomis 1907)
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(6 measurements) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Microsyopidae
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Niptomomys favorum n. sp.
Strait 2001
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Micromomyidae
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cf. Tinimomys graybulliensis
Szalay 1974
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Mammalia
- Coryphodontidae
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Coryphodon sp.
(Owen 1845)
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original and current combination Lophiodon (Coryphodon) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Apatemyidae
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Apatemys sp.
Marsh 1872
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Mammalia
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Ectoganus sp.
Cope 1874
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Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
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Anura indet.
(Fischer von Waldheim 1813)
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"frogs" | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | United States | State/province: | Wyoming | County: | Washakie |
Coordinates: | 44.0° North, 107.6° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 48.6° North, 90.5° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark | ||||
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Paleogene | Epoch: | Eocene |
Stage: | Ypresian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 2 |
*Period: | Early/Lower Tertiary | *Epoch: | Early/Lower Eocene | *Local age/stage: | Early/Lower Wasatchian |
Key time interval: | Wasatchian | Zone: | Wa-0 |
Age range of interval: | 54.90000 - 50.50000 m.y. ago | ||
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Willwood | ||||
Local section: | ElkCr | Local bed: | 15 m | ||
Local order: | bottom to top | ||||
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: "ca. 10 meter thick layer" said to be a Wa0 fauna and in the general area of the Elk Creek section, but exact level unclear said to be "< 30 m" in the southern Bighorn Basin section by Holroyd et al. 2001; 15 m level is arbitrary |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | gray mudstone |
Lithology description: "light gray mudstone with drab orange mottling" | |
Environment: | terrestrial indet. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Articulated whole bodies: | none |
Associated major elements: | some |
Disassociated major elements: | some |
Disassociated minor elements: | many |
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes: | some genera |
Collection methods: | bulk,selective quarrying,surface (float),sieve |
Minimum sieve size: | 1.000 |
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Museum repositories: | UCMP |
Taxonomic list comments:Hyopsodus loomisi, Diacodexis sp, Palaeanodon sp. are listed by Strait 1999 but omitted by Strait 2001 |
Metadata
Also known as: | UCMP V-99019; UCMP V99019; USGS D2018 | ||
Database number: | 15458 | ||
Authorizer: | J. Alroy, J. Head, P. Barrett, J. Marcot | Enterer: | J. Alroy, J. Marcot, T. Cleary, J. Head |
Modifier: | J. Alroy | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 1999-10-13 00:00:00 | Last modified: | 2006-04-19 21:48:06 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 1999-10-13 00:00:00 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
7530. | S. G. Strait. 2001. New Wa-0 mammalian fauna from Castle Gardens in the southeastern Bighorn Basin. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 33:127-143 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |
Secondary references:
6294 | J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari] | |
50091 | R. E. Heinrich, S. G. Strait, and P. Houde. 2008. Earliest Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Northwestern Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 82(1):154-162 [J. Bloch/J. Bloch] | |
17201 | P. A. Holroyd, J. H. Hutchison, and S. G. Strait. 2001. Turtle diversity and abundance through the lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the southern Bighorn Basin. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 33:97-108 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
43541 | K. T. Smith. 2009. A new lizard assemblage from the earliest Eocene (zone Wa0) of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA: biogeography during the warmest interval of the Cenozoic. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 7(3):299-358 [J. Head/J. Head] | |
60297 | K. T. Smith. 2011. The long-term history of dispersal among lizards in the early Eocene: new evidence from a microvertebrate assemblage in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming, USA. Palaeontology 54(6):1243-1270 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary] | |
60296 | K. T. Smith and J. A. Gauthier. 2013. Early Eocene lizards of the Wasatch Formation near Bitter Creek, Wyoming: diversity and paleoenvironment during an interval of global warming. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 54(2):135-230 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary] | |
3328 | S. Strait. 2000. Screen washing at Castle Gardens, An earliest Wasatchian locality. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(3):71A-72A [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju] | |
3327 | S. G. Strait. 1999. A new earliest Wasatchian (WA0) locality from the Bighorn basin, Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(3):79A [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju] | |
9573 | S. G. Strait. 2003. New mammalian fossils from the earliest Eocene (Wa-0), Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3):101A [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |