Hardie Kaolin Mine: Priabonian, Georgia

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Myliobatis sp. Cuvier 1816
292 elements
Rhinoptera sp. Cuvier 1829
67 elements
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae
Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810
53 elements
Chondrichthyes - Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae
Heterodontus sp. de Blainville 1816
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Chondrichthyes - Squatinidae
Squatina sp. Dumeril 1806
1 element
Squatina prima (Winkler 1874)
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Chondrichthyes - Rhinopristiformes - Pristidae
Propristis schweinfurthi Priem 1897
238 elements
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Rajidae
Raja sp. Linnaeus 1758
4 elements
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae
Mustelus vanderhoefti
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae
Scyliorhinus gilberti Casier 1946
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
recombined as Premontreia (Oxyscyllium) gilberti
Abdounia enniskilleni (White 1956)
492 elements
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Negaprion eurybathrodon (Blake 1862)
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Physogaleus sp. Cappetta 1980
19 elements
Physogaleus secundus (Winkler 1876)
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
recombined as Physodon secundus
Negaprion gibbesi (Woodward 1889)
1538 elements
recombined as Carcharhinus gibbesii
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae
Hemipristis curvatus Dames 1883
170 elements
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo latidens (Agassiz 1835)
219 elements
Galeocerdo alabamensis Leriche 1942
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Chondrichthyes - Orectolobiformes - Ginglymostomatidae
Nebrius theilensis
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Ginglymostoma serra (Leidy 1877)
13 elements
recombined as Nebrius serra
Chondrichthyes - Orectolobiformes - Rhinocodontidae
Palaeorhincodon sp. Herman 1975
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Carcharias sp. Rafinesque 1810
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Carcharias aff. koerti
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Carcharias acutissima (Agassiz 1843)
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
recombined as Carcharias acutissimus
Carcharias hopei (Agassiz 1843)
922 elements
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Isurus sp. Rafinesque 1810
4 elements
Isurus praecursor Thurmond and Jones 1981
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
Carcharodon auriculatus (Blainville 1818)
2 elements
Lamna sp. Cuvier 1816
124 elements
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Mitsukurinidae
Striatolamia cf. macrota (Agassiz 1838)
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
original and current combination Otodus macrotus
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Otodontidae
Carcharocles angustidens (Agassiz 1835)
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003
recombined as Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens
Chondrichthyes - Chimaeriformes - Edaphodontidae
Edaphodon sp. Buckland 1838
Parmley and Cicimurri 2005 1 element
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Palaeolagus temnodon Douglass 1902
Rhinehart et al. 2019
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Brontotheriidae indet. (Marsh 1873)
1 specimen
    = Megacerops sp. Leidy 1870
Rhinehart et al. 2019
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon sp. Leidy 1856
Rhinehart et al. 2019
Mammalia - Cetacea - Basilosauridae
Basilosaurus cetoides (Owen 1839)
18 specimens
    = Basilosauridae indet. Cope 1867
Uhen 2013
Zygorhiza kochii (Carus 1847)
5 specimens
    = Dorudon sp. Gibbes 1845
Uhen 2013
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Daphoenus sp. Leidy 1853
Rhinehart et al. 2019
Reptilia - Testudines
Cryptodira indet. Cope 1868
Parmley et al. 2006
Testudinoidea indet. Gray 1825
Parmley et al. 2006
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
17 specimens
    = Trionychinae indet. Gray 1825
Parmley et al. 2006
Reptilia - Testudines - Cheloniidae
Cheloniidae indet. sensu lato Bonaparte 1832
Parmley et al. 2006
Reptilia - Testudines - Dermochelyidae
Dermochelyidae indet. Lydekker 1889
Parmley et al. 2006
Reptilia - Palaeophiidae
Palaeophis africanus Andrews 1924
Parmley and DeVore 2005 2 specimens
Pterosphenus schucherti Lucas 1898
14 specimens
only 11 specimens listed by Parmley and DeVore 2005
Reptilia - Colubridae
Colubridae indet. Oppel 1811
Chandler and Parmley 2003
Nebraskophis sp. Holman 1973
Parmley and Holman 2003 1 specimen
Reptilia - Crocodylidae
Crocodylidae indet. Cuvier 1807
35 specimens
Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Alcidae
Alcidae indet. Leach 1820
Chandler and Parmley 2003 1 specimen
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843
33 elements
Actinopteri - Scombriformes - Trichiuridae
Trichiurus sp. Linnaeus 1758
27 elements
Actinopteri - Elopiformes - Phyllodontidae
Phyllodus sp. Agassiz 1839
242 elements
Actinopteri - Acanthopteri - Sphyraenidae
Sphyraena sp. Artedi 1793
335 elements
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Georgia County:Wilkinson
Coordinates: 32.9° North, 83.4° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:33.1° North, 75.4° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Eocene
Stage:Priabonian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 3
Key time interval:Priabonian
Age range of interval:38.00000 - 33.90000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Barnwell Formation:Clinchfield
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: from "a 1-1.5-m-high stratum" and spoil piles derived from it (Parmley and DeVore 2005)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: coarse sands
Environment:coastal indet.
Glacial or sequence phase:transgressive
Geology comments: "nearshore marine" (Parmley and Cicimurri 2005)
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,original phosphate
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:bulk,salvage,surface (float),sieve,field collection
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Collection method comments: "Intensive surface collecting of spoil piles and screen washing of in situ sediments" (Parmley and DeVore 2005)
Metadata
Also known as:Wilkinson Mine, WKR Mine
Database number:45640
Authorizer:M. Uhen, J. Alroy, P. Holroyd, J. Head Enterer:M. Uhen, J. Villari, P. Holroyd, J. Head, J. Alroy
Modifier:M. Uhen Research group:vertebrate
Created:2004-11-20 12:32:50 Last modified:2019-12-02 18:03:46
Access level:the public Released:2004-11-20 12:32:50
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

12028. J. W. Westgate. 2001. Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of marginal marine gulf coast Eocene vertebrate localities. Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats 263-297 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

18120 J. Alroy. 2006. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil vertebrates. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
39105 R. M. Chandler and D. Parmley. 2003. The earliest North American record of auk (Aves; Alcidae) from the late Eocene of central Georgia. The Oriole 68(1-2):7-9 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
12911 D. Parmley and J. A. Holman. 2003. Nebraskophis Holman from the Late Eocene of Georgia (USA), the oldest known North American colubrid snake. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46(1):1-8 [J. Head/J. Head/J. Head]
49243 D. Parmley and D. J. Cicimurri. 2003. Late Eocene Sharks of the Hardie Mine Local Fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia. Georgia Journal of Science 61(3):153-179 [M. Uhen/J. Villari/M. Uhen]
19218 D. Parmley and D. J. Cicimurri. 2005. First record of a chimaeroid fish from the Eocene of the southeastern United States. Journal of Paleontology 79(6):1219-1221 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
19219 D. Parmley and M. DeVore. 2005. Palaeopheid snakes from the Late Eocene Hardie Mine local fauna of central Georgia. Southeastern Naturalist 4(4):703-722 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
19369 D. Parmley, J. H. Hutchison, and J. F. Parham. 2006. Diverse turtle fauna from the Late Eocene of Georgia including the oldest records of aquatic testudinoids in southeastern North America. Journal of Herpetology 40(3):343-350 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
69342 P. D. Rhinehart, A. J. Mead and D. Parmley. 2019. Eocene Terrestrial Mammals From Central Georgia. Georgia Journal of Science 77(2):1-9 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
42488 M. D. Uhen. 2013. A review of North American Basilosauridae. Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin 31(2):1-45 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
40334 J. W. Westgate, C. M. Gillette, and E. Rolater. 1994. Paleoecology of an Eocene coastal community from Georgia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(3):52A [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]