Hardie Kaolin Mine: Priabonian, Georgia
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Chondrichthyes
- Myliobatiformes
- Myliobatidae
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Myliobatis sp.
Cuvier 1816
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292 elements | |||||||||
Rhinoptera sp.
Cuvier 1829
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67 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Myliobatiformes
- Dasyatidae
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Dasyatis sp.
Rafinesque 1810
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53 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Heterodontiformes
- Heterodontidae
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Heterodontus sp.
de Blainville 1816
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Squatinidae
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Squatina sp.
Dumeril 1806
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1 element | |||||||||
Squatina prima
(Winkler 1874)
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Rhinopristiformes
- Pristidae
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Propristis schweinfurthi
Priem 1897
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238 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Rajiformes
- Rajidae
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Raja sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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4 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Carcharhiniformes
- Triakidae
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Mustelus vanderhoefti
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Carcharhiniformes
- Scyliorhinidae
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Scyliorhinus gilberti
Casier 1946
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
recombined as Premontreia (Oxyscyllium) gilberti | ||||||||||
Abdounia enniskilleni
(White 1956)
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492 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Carcharhiniformes
- Carcharhinidae
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Negaprion eurybathrodon
(Blake 1862)
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Physogaleus sp.
Cappetta 1980
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19 elements | |||||||||
Physogaleus secundus
(Winkler 1876)
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
recombined as Physodon secundus | ||||||||||
Negaprion gibbesi
(Woodward 1889)
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1538 elements | |||||||||
recombined as Carcharhinus gibbesii | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Carcharhiniformes
- Hemigaleidae
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Hemipristis curvatus
Dames 1883
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170 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Carcharhiniformes
- Galeocerdidae
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Galeocerdo latidens
(Agassiz 1835)
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219 elements | |||||||||
Galeocerdo alabamensis
Leriche 1942
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Orectolobiformes
- Ginglymostomatidae
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Nebrius theilensis
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Ginglymostoma serra
(Leidy 1877)
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13 elements | |||||||||
recombined as Nebrius serra | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Orectolobiformes
- Rhinocodontidae
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Palaeorhincodon sp.
Herman 1975
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Carchariidae
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Carcharias sp.
Rafinesque 1810
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Carcharias aff. koerti
|
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Carcharias acutissima
(Agassiz 1843)
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
recombined as Carcharias acutissimus | ||||||||||
Carcharias hopei
(Agassiz 1843)
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922 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Lamnidae
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Isurus sp.
Rafinesque 1810
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4 elements | |||||||||
Isurus praecursor
Thurmond and Jones 1981
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
Carcharodon auriculatus
(Blainville 1818)
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2 elements | |||||||||
Lamna sp.
Cuvier 1816
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124 elements | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Mitsukurinidae
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Striatolamia cf. macrota
(Agassiz 1838)
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
original and current combination Otodus macrotus | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Otodontidae
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Carcharocles angustidens
(Agassiz 1835)
|
Parmley and Cicimurri 2003 | |||||||||
recombined as Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Chimaeriformes
- Edaphodontidae
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Edaphodon sp.
Buckland 1838
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Parmley and Cicimurri 2005 | 1 element | ||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Palaeolagus temnodon
Douglass 1902
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Rhinehart et al. 2019 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Brontotheriidae
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Brontotheriidae indet.
(Marsh 1873)
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1 specimen | |||||||||
= Megacerops sp.
Leidy 1870
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Rhinehart et al. 2019 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Hyracodontidae
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Hyracodon sp.
Leidy 1856
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Rhinehart et al. 2019 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Cetacea
- Basilosauridae
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Basilosaurus cetoides
(Owen 1839)
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18 specimens | |||||||||
= Basilosauridae indet.
Cope 1867
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Uhen 2013 | |||||||||
Zygorhiza kochii
(Carus 1847)
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5 specimens | |||||||||
= Dorudon sp.
Gibbes 1845
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Uhen 2013 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Amphicyonidae
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Daphoenus sp.
Leidy 1853
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Rhinehart et al. 2019 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
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Cryptodira indet.
Cope 1868
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Parmley et al. 2006 | |||||||||
Testudinoidea indet.
Gray 1825
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Parmley et al. 2006 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionyx sp.
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
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17 specimens | |||||||||
= Trionychinae indet.
Gray 1825
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Parmley et al. 2006 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Cheloniidae
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Cheloniidae indet. sensu lato
Bonaparte 1832
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Parmley et al. 2006 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Dermochelyidae
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Dermochelyidae indet.
Lydekker 1889
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Parmley et al. 2006 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Palaeophiidae
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Palaeophis africanus
Andrews 1924
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Parmley and DeVore 2005 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Pterosphenus schucherti
Lucas 1898
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14 specimens | |||||||||
only 11 specimens listed by Parmley and DeVore 2005 | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Colubridae
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Colubridae indet.
Oppel 1811
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Chandler and Parmley 2003 | |||||||||
Nebraskophis sp.
Holman 1973
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Parmley and Holman 2003 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Reptilia
- Crocodylidae
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Crocodylidae indet.
Cuvier 1807
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35 specimens | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Charadriiformes
- Alcidae
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Alcidae indet.
Leach 1820
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Chandler and Parmley 2003 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Actinopteri
- Lepisosteiformes
- Lepisosteidae
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Lepisosteus sp.
Agassiz 1843
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33 elements | |||||||||
Actinopteri
- Scombriformes
- Trichiuridae
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Trichiurus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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27 elements | |||||||||
Actinopteri
- Elopiformes
- Phyllodontidae
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Phyllodus sp.
Agassiz 1839
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242 elements | |||||||||
Actinopteri
- Acanthopteri
- Sphyraenidae
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Sphyraena sp.
Artedi 1793
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335 elements | |||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | United States | State/province: | Georgia | County: | Wilkinson |
Coordinates: | 32.9° North, 83.4° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 33.1° North, 75.4° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||||
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Paleogene | Epoch: | Eocene |
Stage: | Priabonian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 3 |
Key time interval: | Priabonian | ||
Age range of interval: | 38.00000 - 33.90000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Geological group: | Barnwell | Formation: | Clinchfield | ||
Stratigraphic resolution: | bed | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: from "a 1-1.5-m-high stratum" and spoil piles derived from it (Parmley and DeVore 2005) |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | sandstone |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: coarse sands | |
Environment: | coastal indet. |
Glacial or sequence phase: | transgressive |
Geology comments: "nearshore marine" (Parmley and Cicimurri 2005) |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body,original phosphate |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | bulk,salvage,surface (float),sieve,field collection |
Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis |
Collection method comments: "Intensive surface collecting of spoil piles and screen washing of in situ sediments" (Parmley and DeVore 2005) |
Metadata
Also known as: | Wilkinson Mine, WKR Mine | ||
Database number: | 45640 | ||
Authorizer: | M. Uhen, J. Alroy, P. Holroyd, J. Head | Enterer: | M. Uhen, J. Villari, P. Holroyd, J. Head, J. Alroy |
Modifier: | M. Uhen | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2004-11-20 12:32:50 | Last modified: | 2019-12-02 18:03:46 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2004-11-20 12:32:50 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
12028. | J. W. Westgate. 2001. Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of marginal marine gulf coast Eocene vertebrate localities. Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats 263-297 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |
Secondary references:
18120 | J. Alroy. 2006. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil vertebrates. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
39105 | R. M. Chandler and D. Parmley. 2003. The earliest North American record of auk (Aves; Alcidae) from the late Eocene of central Georgia. The Oriole 68(1-2):7-9 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
12911 | D. Parmley and J. A. Holman. 2003. Nebraskophis Holman from the Late Eocene of Georgia (USA), the oldest known North American colubrid snake. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46(1):1-8 [J. Head/J. Head/J. Head] | |
49243 | D. Parmley and D. J. Cicimurri. 2003. Late Eocene Sharks of the Hardie Mine Local Fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia. Georgia Journal of Science 61(3):153-179 [M. Uhen/J. Villari/M. Uhen] | |
19218 | D. Parmley and D. J. Cicimurri. 2005. First record of a chimaeroid fish from the Eocene of the southeastern United States. Journal of Paleontology 79(6):1219-1221 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
19219 | D. Parmley and M. DeVore. 2005. Palaeopheid snakes from the Late Eocene Hardie Mine local fauna of central Georgia. Southeastern Naturalist 4(4):703-722 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
19369 | D. Parmley, J. H. Hutchison, and J. F. Parham. 2006. Diverse turtle fauna from the Late Eocene of Georgia including the oldest records of aquatic testudinoids in southeastern North America. Journal of Herpetology 40(3):343-350 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
69342 | P. D. Rhinehart, A. J. Mead and D. Parmley. 2019. Eocene Terrestrial Mammals From Central Georgia. Georgia Journal of Science 77(2):1-9 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd] | |
42488 | M. D. Uhen. 2013. A review of North American Basilosauridae. Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin 31(2):1-45 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
40334 | J. W. Westgate, C. M. Gillette, and E. Rolater. 1994. Paleoecology of an Eocene coastal community from Georgia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(3):52A [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |