F 1/89, Wadi Abu Hashim: Campanian - Maastrichtian, Sudan
collected 1989-

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus sp. Agassiz 1834
Werner 1993 1 element
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Acrodontidae
cf. Asteracanthus aegyptiacus Stromer 1927
Werner 1994 3 elements
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes
Rajiformes indet. Berg 1940
Werner 1994 1 element
"n. gen., n. sp."
Dipnoi - Ceratodontidae
Protopterus humei (Priem 1914)
Werner 1993 1 element
original and current combination Ceratodus humei
Neoceratodus tuberculatus (Tabaste 1963)
Werner 1993 1 element
original and current combination Ceratodus tuberculatus
Dipnomorpha - Lepidosirenidae
Protopterus sp. Agassiz 1843
Werner 1994 1 element
"n. sp."
Protopterus protopteroides Tabaste 1962
Werner 1993 1 element
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Gymnophiona indet. Rafinesque 1814
Werner 1994 4 elements
MCM Vb-659, 660, 661, 781 (trunk vertebrae)
Anura indet. (Fischer von Waldheim 1813)
Werner 1993 1 specimen
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Urodela
Kababisha indet. Evans et al. 1996
Evans et al. 1996 3 elements
TUB-sFB-69 Vb-805, 808-809 (caudal vertebrae)
Kababisha sudanensis n. sp. Evans et al. 1996
Evans et al. 1996 5 individuals
TUB-SFB-69 Vb-793 (holotype atlantal centrum) and referres specimens: Vb-797-799, 801 (atlantal centra), Vb 815-816 (trunk vertebrae)
Kababisha humarensis n. gen., n. sp. Evans et al. 1996
Evans et al. 1996 2 individuals
TUB-SFB-69 Vb-791 (holotype atlantal centrum), paratypes: Vb-782 (lleft dentary), Vb-788 (basi-exoccipital), Vb-800 atlas, Vb-802-3 (trunk centra), Vb 806 (trunk neural arch). Referred material: Vb 783-787, 789-790, 792, 794-796, 804, 807 and uncatalogued material in TUB-SFB-69.
Reptilia - Testudines - Podocnemididae
Podocnemididae indet. Cope 1868
Rauhut 1999
Erymnochelyinae indet. Broin 1988
Werner 1994
Reptilia - Testudines
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
3 specimens
synonym of Testudines
TUB-SFB69 Vb-596–598
Reptilia - Serpentes
Serpentes indet. Linnaeus 1758
Werner 1994
Reptilia - Lapparentophiidae
aff. Lapparentophiidae indet. (Hoffstetter 1959)
Werner 1993
    = ? Lapparentophiidae indet. Hoffstetter 1959
Rauhut 1999
misspelling Lapparentopheidae
Reptilia - Madtsoiidae
Madtsoia sp. Simpson 1933
Werner 1994 1 specimen
    = Madtsoiidae indet. Hoffstetter 1961
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Nigerophiidae
Serpentes indet. Linnaeus 1758
Werner 1993
Paleophiidae/Nigerophiidae lineage
    = ? Nigerophiidae indet. Rage 1975
Rauhut 1999
original and current combination Nigeropheidae
Reptilia - Russellophiidae
? Russellophiidae indet. (Rage 1978)
Rauhut 1999
original and current combination Russellopheidae
Reptilia - Aniliidae
? Aniliidae indet. Fitzinger 1826
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Lacertilia
Lacertilia indet. Owen 1842
Werner 1993
Reptilia - Crocodylomorpha
"Mesosuchia" indet. Huxley 1875
Werner 1993 1 specimen
    = Crocodylomorpha indet. Hay 1930
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Dyrosauridae
Dyrosauridae indet. Stefano 1903
2 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-599, 601
Reptilia
Machimosaurus sp.
Werner 1994 1 specimen
Reptilia - Dinosauria
Dinosauria indet. Owen 1842
Rauhut 1999 4 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-722, 851, 855
Reptilia
Ornithopoda indet. Marsh 1881
Werner 1993 1 specimen
TUB-SFB69 Vb-854
Reptilia - Hypsilophodontidae
Hypsilophodontidae indet. Dollo 1882
Rauhut 1999 1 specimen
TUB-SFB69 Vb-936
Reptilia
? Iguanodon sp. Mantell 1825
Rauhut 1999 1 specimen
also referred to as "Iguanodontidae indet."; TUB-SFB69 Vb-850
cf. Ouranosaurus sp. Taquet 1972
Rauhut 1999 2 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-723, 853
Reptilia - Theropoda
Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881
6 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-607, 852, 874a, 874b
Reptilia
? Coelurosauria indet. Huene 1914
Rauhut 1999 1 specimen
TUB-SFB69 Vb-839
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae indet. Colbert and Russell 1969
Rauhut and Werner 1995
cf. Deinonychus sp. Ostrom 1969
Werner 1994 6 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-713, 714, 860, 866, 868, 875
    = Velociraptorinae indet. Barsbold 1983
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Ornithomimidae
Ornithomimosauria indet. Barsbold 1976
Werner 1994 2 specimens
    = ? Ornithomimidae indet. Marsh 1890
Rauhut 1999
Reptilia - Carcharodontosauridae
Carcharodontosauridae indet. Stromer 1931
Rauhut 1999 2 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-717, 870
? Carcharodontosauridae indet. Stromer 1931
Werner 1993 3 specimens
Bahariasaurus/Carcharodontosaurus; TUB-SFB69 Vb-718, 849, 871, 873
Reptilia
Sauropoda indet. Marsh 1878
Werner 1994 6 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-719, 845-848, 878, 895, 896
Dicraeosauridae indet. Huene 1927
Rauhut 1999 5 specimens
TUB-SFB69 Vb-856, 857, 879, 884, 892
    = Somphospondyli indet. Wilson and Sereno 1998
Mannion and Barrett 2013
Reptilia - Titanosauridae
aff. Titanosaurus sp. Lydekker 1877
Werner 1993 70 specimens
    = Titanosauridae indet. Lydekker 1885
Buffetaut et al. 1990
TUB-SFB69 Vb-606, 720, 721, 876, 877, 880-882, 883, 885, 886, 889, 891, 893, 894, 897, 899, 900–912, 935
Pisces
Pisces indet. Linnaeus 1758
Werner 1993 1 element
synonym of Osteichthyes
spiral coprolite - selachian, dipnoan, or gar
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteidae indet. Cuvier 1825
Werner 1994 1 element
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae
Osteoglossidae indet. Bonaparte 1832
Werner 1994 1 element
Actinopteri - Characiformes
Characiformes indet. Regan 1911
Werner 1994 1 element
Cladistia - Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypteridae indet.
Werner 1994 3 elements
see common names

Geography
Country:Sudan State/province:Ash Shamaliyah
Coordinates: 16.7° North, 31.1° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:0.9° North, 25.4° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Late/Upper Cretaceous
Key time interval:Campanian - Maastrichtian
Age range of interval:83.60000 - 66.00000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Wadi Milk
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: Originally considered as Cenomanian, but now thought to be dated to the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Klein et al., 2016, and references therein)

Agyemang et al. 2019: A maximum depositional age of 79.2 ± 2.4 Ma is demonstrated herein for the youngest detrital zircon population in the Wadi Milk Formation
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:"cross stratification",coarse sandstone
Secondary lithology:fine siltstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "fine grained siltsones, sandstones, and corase cross-bedded sandstones"
Environment:fluvial-lacustrine indet.
Geology comments: "The Wadi Milk Formation is dominated by sediments of braided rivers and sandy braided-meandering river systems...The sedimentary sequence is interpreted as deposits of meandering rivers with dominating flood plain and lacustrine environments, minor fluviatile intercalation and rare paleosols."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Spatial orientation:random
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:frequent
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection,survey of museum collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collection dates:1989-
Metadata
Database number:38682
Authorizer:M. Carrano, P. Mannion, R. Benson Enterer:M. Carrano, P. Mannion, R. Benson
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2004-04-28 13:09:55 Last modified:2023-05-15 11:09:34
Access level:the public Released:2004-04-28 13:09:55
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

39507. E. Buffetaut, R. Bussert, and W. Brinkman. 1990. A new nonmarine vertebrate fauna in the Upper Cretaceous of northern Sudan. Berliner Geowissenschaftlische Abhandlungen A 120(1):183-202 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

79685 P. C. O. Agyemang, E. M. Roberts, R. Bussert, D. Evans, and J. Müller. 2019. U-Pb detrital zircon constraints on the depositional age and provenance of the dinosaur-bearing Upper Cretaceous Wadi Milk formation of Sudan. Cretaceous Research 97:52-72 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham/G. Varnham]
38087 S. E. Evans, A. R. Milner, and C. Werner. 1996. Sirenid salamanders and a gymnophionan amphibian from the Cretaceous of the Sudan. Palaeontology 39(1):77-95 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
84706 F. M. Holwerda. 2020. Sauropod dinosaur fossils from the Kem Kem and extended ‘Continental Intercalaire’ of North Africa: A review. Journal of African Earth Sciences 163 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
47874 P. D. Mannion and P. M. Barrett. 2013. Additions to the sauropod dinosaur fauna of the Cenomanian (early Late Cretaceous) Kem Kem beds of Morocco: Palaeobiogeographical implications of the mid-Cretaceous African sauropod fossil record. Cretaceous Research 45:49-59 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
10388 O. W. M. Rauhut. 1999. A dinosaur fauna from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of northern Sudan. Palaeontologia Africana 35:61-84 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
10383 O. W. M. Rauhut and C. Werner. 1995. First record of the family Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) in the Cretaceous of Gondwana (Wadi Milk Formation, northern Sudan). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 69(3/4):475-489 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/J. Alroy]
19438ETE C. Werner. 1993. Late Cretaceous continental vertebrate faunas of Niger and northern Sudan. In U. Thoerweihe & H. Shandelmeier (eds.), Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam 401-405 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
19439ETE C. Werner. 1993. Eine neue Fundstelle terrestrischer Wirbeltiere aus der Kreide des Sudan [A new terrestrial vertebrate locality from the Cretaceous of Sudan]. In R. Kohring (ed.), Miscellanea Palaeontologica 2. Berliner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen, Reihe E 9 201-209 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
19440ETE C. Werner. 1994. Die kontinentale Wirbeltierfauna aus der unteren Oberkreide des Sudan (Wadi Milk Formation) [The continental vertebrate fauna of the lower Upper Cretaceous of Sudan (Wadi Milk Formation)]. In R. Kohring & T. Martin (eds.), Miscellanea Palaeontologica 3: Festschrift Bernard Krebs. Berliner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen, Reihe E 13 221-249 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]