Toros-Menalla (TM 266): Messinian, Chad

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Papillonoideae indet.
Labeo sp.
Sindarcharax sp.
Alestini indet.
Mammalia - Tubulidentata - Orycteropodidae
Orycteropus cf. gaudryi Forsyth Major 1888
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Anancus kenyensis MacInnes 1942
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Loxodonta sp. Cuvier 1825
Lukeino stage
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaenidae indet. Gray 1821
size of Proithitherium
Hyaenictitherium cf. hyaenoides Zdansky 1924
Ictitherium sp. Wagner 1848
size of I. taurinum
Mammalia - Carnivora - Herpestidae
Galerella sanguinea (Rüppell 1835)
Peigné et al. 2005
original and current combination Herpestes sanguineus
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Machairodus cf. giganteus Wagner 1848
Machairodus kabir n. sp. Peigne et al. 2005
Peigne et al. 2005 3 specimens
recombined as Adeilosmilus kabir
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Lutrinae indet. Baird 1857
Mammalia - Anthracotheriidae
Libycosaurus petrocchii Bonnarelli 1947
Mammalia - Hippopotamidae
Hexaprotodon sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836
sp. nov.
Mammalia - Suidae
Nyanzachoerus syrticus (Leonardi 1954)
original and current combination Sivachoerus syrticus
Mammalia - Bovidae
aff. Palaeoryx sp. Gaudry 1861
Bovini indet. Gray 1821
Antilopini indet. Gray 1821
Kobus sp. Smith 1840
Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845
gen. et sp. nov.
Mammalia - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821
Sivatherium cf. hendeyi Harris 1976
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hipparion cf. abudhabiense
Mammalia - Rodentia - Sciuridae
Xerus sp. Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
Mammalia - Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix sp. Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Rodentia - Muridae
Murinae indet.
Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae
Hominidae indet. Gray 1825
gen. et sp. nov.
Sahelanthropus tchadensis n. gen., n. sp. Brunet et al. 2002
Brunet et al. 2002
Mammalia - Primates - Cercopithecidae
Colobinae indet. (Blyth 1875)
Reptilia
Euthecodon cf. nitriae Fortau 1920
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti 1768
Reptilia - Gavialidae
Gavialidae indet. Adams 1854
gen et sp. nov.
Reptilia - Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae
Ephippiorhynchus sp. Bonaparte 1855
Louchart et al. 2008
or Leptoptilos sp. A, small
Ephippiorhynchus tchoufour n. sp. Louchart et al. 2008
Louchart et al. 2008
Reptilia - Suliformes - Anhingidae
Anhinga cf. pannonica (Lambrect 1916)
Louchart et al. 2008
original and current combination Plotus pannonicus
Reptilia - Varanidae
Varanus sp. Merrem 1820
Reptilia - Boidae
Python cf. sebae Gmelin 1789
Reptilia - Colubridae
Colubridae indet. Oppel 1811
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudinidae indet. Batsch 1788
[entered as Testudinae indet.]
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825
Cladistia - Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes - Gymnarchidae
Gymnarchus sp. Cuvier 1829
Actinopteri - Characiformes - Alestidae
Hydrocynus sp. Cuvier 1816
Actinopteri - Siluriformes
Siluriformes indet.
Actinopteri - Siluriformes - Bagridae
Bagrus sp. Bosc 1816
Actinopteri - Tetraodontiformes - Tetraodontidae
Tetraodon sp. Linnaeus 1758
Actinopteri - Perciformes
Perciformes indet. Bleeker 1859
Insecta - Coleoptera - Scarabaeidae
Scarabaeidae indet. (Latreille 1802)
Scarabaeides
Insecta - Blattodea - Hodotermitidae
Hodotermitidae indet. (Desneux 1904)
original and current combination Psammotermitinae
see common names

Geography
Country:Chad
Coordinates: 16.2° North, 17.5° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:16.0° North, 17.1° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
Stage:Messinian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:Messinian
Age range of interval:7.24600 - 5.33300 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: 5.2-7.4 Ma
all terrestrial vertebrates are from "the middle part of the section (about 2m thick... informally named the anthracotheriid unit (AU)"
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: poorly lithified sandstone
Lithology description: poorly cemented sandstone
Environment:lacustrine indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,original phosphate
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),field collection
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Metadata
Database number:59839
Authorizer:M. Uhen Enterer:M. Uhen
Modifier:M. Uhen Research group:vertebrate
Created:2006-04-18 06:31:48 Last modified:2013-06-27 15:21:21
Access level:the public Released:2006-04-18 06:31:48
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
17171. P. Vignaud, P. Duringer, H. T. Mackaye, A. Likius, C. Blondel, J.-R. Boisserie, L. Bonis, V. Elsenmann, M.-E. Etienne, D. Geraads, F. Guy, T. Lehmann, F. Lihoreau, N. L.-L. Martinez, C. Mourer-Chauvier, O. Otero, J.-C. Rage, M. Schuster, L. Viriot, A. Zazzo, and M. Brunet. 2002. Geology and paleontology of the Upper Miocene Toros-Menalla hominid locality, Chad. Nature 418:152-155 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

17173 M. Brunet, F. Guy, D. Pilbeam, H. T. Mackaye, A. Likius, D. Ahounta, A. Beauvilain, C. Blondel, H. Bocherens, J.-R. Boisserie, L. De Bonis, Y. Coppens, J. Dejax, C. Denys, P. Duringer, V. Eisenmann, G. Fanone, P. Fronty, D. Geraads, T. Lehmann, F. Lihoreau and A. Louchart. 2002. A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature 418:145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/P. Wagner]
65061 A. Louchart, Y. Haile-Selassie, P. Vignaud, A. Likius, and M. Brunet. 2008. Fossil birds from the Late Miocene of Chad and Ethiopia and zooge- ographical implications. Oryctos 7:147-167 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
66545 S. Peigné, L. de Bonis, A. Likius, H. T. Mackaye, P. Vignaud and M. Brunet. 2005. The earliest modern mongoose (Carnivora, Herpestidae) from Africa (late Miocene of Chad). Naturwissenschaften 92:287-292 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
47358 S. Peigne, L. de Bonis, A. Likius, H. T. Mackaye, P. Vignaud and M. Brunet. 2005. A new machairodontine (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of TM 266, Toros-Menalla, Chad. Comptes Rendus Palevol 4:243-253 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/P. Wagner]