Lothagam-Nawata and Nachukui Formations: Messinian - Piacenzian, Kenya
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
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Kubwaxerus pattersoni n. sp.
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1 specimen | |||||||||
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | category | ||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Aepycerotini | ||||||||||
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | category | ||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Alcelaphini sp3-Old | ||||||||||
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | category | ||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: long horns | ||||||||||
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | category | ||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: short horns | ||||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | category | ||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: long horns | ||||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: short horns | ||||||||||
kyaeloae
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Papioninae | ||||||||||
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Colobinae 2 spp. | ||||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: nov. | ||||||||||
cataphractus
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
lloidi
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
cf. sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: nov. | ||||||||||
harvardi
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: mak - original genus name "Hexaprotodonsp." | ||||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: nov. | ||||||||||
crabs
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name | ||||||||||
spp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Characoids | ||||||||||
spp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Mormyroidei | ||||||||||
cf. sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: or Parapelomys | ||||||||||
spp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Muridae 2 spp. | ||||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: lutrine | ||||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: mellivorine | ||||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: musteline | ||||||||||
spp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Osteoglossidae | ||||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Erymnochelys | ||||||||||
williamsi
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
africanus
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: aff. Potamochoeroides | ||||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: giant tortoise | ||||||||||
cf. sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
sp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
debroinae
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
frenatum
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Ursidae lg | ||||||||||
spp.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | |||||||||
ETE occurrence; species: Viverridae 3 or 4 spp. | ||||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Suidae | ||||||||||
gomphotheroides
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 6 specimens | ||||||||
orbus
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 17 specimens | ||||||||
indet.
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Papionini | ||||||||||
sitifense
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 9 specimens | ||||||||
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: mak - removed quote marks from species name | ||||||||||
guiliemi
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
cf. primigenium
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
turkanense
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Leakey and Feibel 1996 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionychidae indet.
Gray 1825
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Trionychinae indet.
Gray 1825
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Podocnemididae
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Turkanemys pattersoni n. sp.
Wood 2003
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5 specimens | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Struthioniformes
- Struthionidae
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cf. Struthio sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Gomphotheriidae
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Anancus kenyensis
MacInnes 1942
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2 specimens | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Deinotheriidae
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Deinotherium bozasi
Arambourg 1934
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Elephantidae indet.
Gray 1821
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Stegotetrabelodon orbus
Maglio 1970
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3 specimens | |||||||||
Primelephas gomphotheroides
Maglio 1970
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1 specimen | |||||||||
synonym of Primelephas korotorensis | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Colobinae sp.
(Blyth 1875)
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1 specimen | |||||||||
sp. A | ||||||||||
cf. Parapapio sp.
Jones 1937
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2 specimens | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Dinofelis sp.
Zdansky 1924
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Suidae
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Nyanzachoerus syrticus tulotus
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8 specimens | |||||||||
Nyanzachoerus jaegeri
Coppens 1971
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Notochoerus euilus
(Hopwood 1926)
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1 specimen | |||||||||
original and current combination Hylochoerus euilus | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Hippopotamidae
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Hexaprotodon harvardi
Coryndon 1977
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13 specimens | |||||||||
recombined as Archaeopotamus harvardi | ||||||||||
Hexaprotodon lothagamensis n. sp.
Weston 2000
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Weston 2000 | 4 specimens | ||||||||
= Archaeopotamus n. gen. lothagamensis
Weston 2000
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Boisserie 2005 | |||||||||
Hexaprotodon sp.
Falconer and Cautley 1836
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3 specimens | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Reduncini indet.
Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
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2 specimens | |||||||||
Kobus presigmoidalis n. sp.
Harris 2003
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Madoqua sp.
Ogilby 1837
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Aepyceros premelampus n. sp.
Harris 2003
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7 specimens | |||||||||
Alcelaphini indet.
Brookes 1876
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Damalacra sp.
Gentry 1980
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3 specimens | |||||||||
sp. A | ||||||||||
Hippotragini indet.
Sundevall 1845
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Tragoportax sp.
Pilgrim 1937
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1 specimen | |||||||||
sp. A | ||||||||||
Boselaphini indet.
Knottnerus-Meyer 1997
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Bovini indet.
Gray 1821
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2 specimens | |||||||||
Tragelaphus nakuae
Arambourg 1941
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Tragelaphus kyaloae
Harris 1991
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Giraffidae
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cf. Sivatherium sp.
Falconer and Cautley 1836
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2 specimens | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Brachypotherium lewisi
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1 specimen | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Eurygnathohippus sp.
Van Hoepen 1930
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1 specimen | |||||||||
large sp. | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Kenya |
Coordinates: | 2.9° North, 36.1° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 2.6° North, 35.5° East |
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text |
Geographic resolution: | local area |
Time
Period: | Neogene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
*Period: | Tertiary |
*International age/stage: | Tortonian - Piacenzian |
Key time interval: | Messinian - Piacenzian |
Age range of interval: | 7.24600 - 2.58000 m.y. ago |
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Geological group: | Lothagam | Formation: | Nawata and Nachukui | Member: | All |
Stratigraphic resolution: | group | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: Base of Nawata formation dated by K-Ar to 7.44 +/- 0.05 Ma on the Lower Marker (43 m above the base of the Nawata formation). Underlying Nabwal Arangan Beds are dated from 14.2 +/- 0.02 Ma to 9.1 +/- 0.02 Ma, but no fossils are known to derive from these horizons. Top of the Nachukui Formation is undated, however KBS tuff located near the top of the section is 1.88 +/- 0.02 Ma. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | "cross stratification",pebbly,volcaniclastic poorly lithified silty,sandy sandstone | ||
Includes fossils? | Y | ||
Lithology description: Lothagam is an uplifted fault block with sediments that have been divided into the Nabwal Arangan beds, the Nawata Formation, the Nachukui Formation, and the Galana Boi Formation (holocene). | |||
Environment: | fluvial-lacustrine indet. | Tectonic setting: | rift |
Geology comments: Mostly fluvial deposition, with evidence of a lake (the Lonyumun Lake) only late in the sequence. Paleoenvironments suggested to be generally dry with a seasonal rainfall regime. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Degree of concentration: | dispersed |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Spatial orientation: | random |
Preservation of anatomical detail: | good |
Articulated whole bodies: | none |
Associated major elements: | some |
Disassociated major elements: | some |
Disassociated minor elements: | many |
Size sorting: | poor |
Fragmentation: | frequent |
Temporal resolution: | time-averaged |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | bulk,selective quarrying,surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection |
Collection size: | 73 specimens |
Reason for describing collection: | paleoecologic analysis |
Collection method comments: This collection consists of fossil specimens recovered from Lothagam that cannot be assigned to a more specific horizon (formation or member). Most specimens listed here derive from early research at the site led by B. Patterson. Collection is housed at the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi under the designation KNM-LT. |
Metadata
Also known as: | ETE Locality 1060, "Lothagam 1, 2 & 3", Lothagam, Lothagam- horizon indet. | ||
Database number: | 22237 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Behrensmeyer, M. Uhen | Enterer: | A. Behrensmeyer, M. Uhen, J. Damuth |
Modifier: | G. Varnham | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 1999-06-30 00:00:00 | Last modified: | 2022-04-26 08:37:27 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 1999-06-30 00:00:00 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
8636. | ETE | M. G. Leakey and J. M. Harris. 2003. Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa. Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa 678 [A. Behrensmeyer/R. Bobe/R. Bobe] |
Secondary references:
17163 | J.-R. Boisserie. 2005. The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143:1-26 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
5448 | ETE 1183 | M. G. Leakey and C. Feibel. 1996. Lothagam: a record of faunal change in the late Miocene of East Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(3):556-570 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/J. Alroy] |
17164 | E. M. Weston. 2000. A new species of hippopotamus Hexaptrotodon lothagamensis (Mammalia: Hippopotamidae) from the late Miocene of Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(1):177-185 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |