Carrot River Bonebed: Middle Cenomanian, Canada
collected by D. Hardie 1991-1994

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Pliosauridae
Pliosauridae indet. Seeley 1874
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Elasmosauridae
Elasmosauridae indet. Cope 1869
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Polycotylidae
Plesiosauria indet. de Blainville 1835
Tokaryk et al. 1997
    = Polycotylidae indet. Williston 1908
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia
Ornithopoda indet. Marsh 1881
    = Ornithischia indet. Seeley 1888
Cumbaa et al. 2006
? Enantiornithes indet. Walker 1981
Reptilia - Hesperornithiformes
Aves indet. Linnaeus 1758
Tokaryk et al. 1997
    = Hesperornithiformes indet. Fürbringer 1888
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Pasquiaornis hardiei n. gen., n. sp. Tokaryk et al. 1997
Tokaryk et al. 1997 3 individuals
Pasquiaornis tankei n. sp. Tokaryk et al. 1997
Tokaryk et al. 1997 9 individuals
Reptilia
Ichthyornis sp. Marsh 1872
Tokaryk et al. 1997 4 individuals
    = Ichthyornis informal sp. A Marsh 1872
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Ichthyornis informal sp. B Marsh 1872
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Reptilia - Testudines
Testudines indet. Batsch 1788
Tokaryk et al. 1997
Reptilia - Testudines - Protostegidae
Protostegidae indet. Cope 1873
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Crossognathiformes - Pachyrhizodontidae
Elopopsis sp.
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Ichthyodectiformes - Ichthyodectidae
Xiphactinus audax (Leidy 1870)
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Ichthyodectes cf. ctenodon Cope 1870
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Salmoniformes
Salmoniformes indet. Bleeker 1859
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Aulopiformes - Enchodontidae
Enchodus sp. Agassiz 1835
Enchodus cf. shumardi Leidy 1856
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae
Protosphyraena sp. Leidy 1857
Actinopteri - Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae
Belonostomus sp. Agassiz 1834
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Actinopteri - Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae
Pycnodontidae indet. (Agassiz 1833)
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Ptychodontidae
Ptychodus sp. Agassiz 1834
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Ptychodus decurrens Agassiz 1838
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Ptychodus occidentalis Leidy 1868
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Ptychodus anonymus Williston 1900
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus sp. Agassiz 1834
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Cretoxyrhinidae
Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz 1835)
Cumbaa et al. 2006
    = Cretoxyrhina denticulata Glickman 1957
Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Selachii indet.
    = Carcharias sp. Rafinesque 1810
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Anacoracidae
Squalicorax sp. Whitley 1939
Squalicorax volgensis (Glickman 1971)
Cumbaa et al. 2006
nomen dubium belonging to Squalicorax
Squalicorax falcatus (Agassiz 1843)
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
Cretodus appendiculata
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Archaeolamnidae
Archaeolamna sp. Siverson 1992
Cumbaa et al. 2006
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Sclerorhynchidae indet. Capetta 1974
Cumbaa et al. 2006
see common names

Geography
Country:Canada State/province:Saskatchewan
Coordinates: 53.2° North, 103.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:52.0° North, 59.3° West
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stage:Cenomanian 10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 5
Key time interval:Middle Cenomanian
Age range of interval:100.50000 - 93.90000 m.y. ago
Age estimate:minimum 95.17 ± 0.31 Ma (Ar/Ar)
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Colorado Formation:Belle Fourche
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: 40Ar/39Ar age from overlying bentonite = 95.17 ± 0.31 Ma
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:shelly/skeletal conglomerate
Secondary lithology: claystone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "A discontinuous bone breccia underlies a 3-5 cm bentonite layer. Probably deposited in shallow water less than 6 m deep, near the eastern shore of the Western Interior Seaway.""Soft, dark, carbonaceous shale...capped by a continuous, slightly undulating 3-5 cm thick bentonite."
Environment:marginal marine indet.
Geology comments: wave-tossed, nearshore marine
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Lagerst�tten type:concentrate
Degree of concentration:-bonebed
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:none
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:D. Hardie Collection dates:1991-1994
Metadata
Also known as:SMNH locality 63E03-001
Database number:52997
Authorizer:M. Carrano, M. Clapham Enterer:K. Maguire, M. Carrano, M. Clapham
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2005-08-30 12:32:10 Last modified:2011-06-15 17:44:14
Access level:the public Released:2005-08-30 12:32:10
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
14701.ETE S. L. Cumbaa and T. T. Tokaryk. 1993. Early birds, crocodile tears, and fish tales: Cenomanian and Turonian marine vertebrates from Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(3, suppl.):31A-32A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

26995ETE S. L. Cumbaa, C. Schröder-Adams, R. G. Day and A. J. Phillips. 2006. Cenomanian bonebed faunas from the northeastern margin, Western Interior Seaway. In S. G. Lucas and R. M. Sullivan (eds.), Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:139-155 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
14326ETE T. T. Tokaryk, S. L. Cumbaa, and J. E. Storer. 1997. Early Late Cretaceous birds from Saskatchewan, Canada: the oldest diverse avifauna known from North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(1):172-176 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/M. Carrano]
73622 C. J. Underwood and S. L. Cumbaa. 2010. Chondrichthyans from a Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) bonebed, Saskatchewan, Canada. Palaeontology 53:903-944 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]