Where: Portugal (39.4° N, 9.4° W: paleocoordinates 39.4° N, 9.4° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)
• The sedimentary infilling of the cave was excavated in the late 19th century by Delgado, J. F. N., who defined two main stratigraphic units: a Holocene unit and a Pleistocene unit. Later, Breuil, H. and Zbyszewski, G. identified at the base of the lower unit (at 6 m asl) a marine stratigraphic level, which they ascribed to the Riss-Wurm interglacial. In the ca. 8 m-thick lower unit “Areias Quaternárias” (Quaternary Sands), with 7 main "níveis ossíferos" (bone rich levels) I to VII, were recognized, several separated by a travertine and nine of them rich in well-preserved faunal bones. Contains artifacts encompassing a sequence between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, with assemblages pointing to the Acheulian, Mousterian, Gravettian, Solutrean and Magdalenian, most of them—especially the Mousterian industries—in association with abundant and diverse faunal remains. Another age, resulting from Uranium-series dating of a bone collected from the 3th stratigraphic level (8.5-9 m asl), is 80,880 + 42, 420 – 31, 260 years, but cannot be used as a reliable chronological marker due to the large standard deviation.
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: cave; siliciclastic sediments
Size class: macrofossils
Collected by J.F.N. Delgado in 1880
• Repository: Geological Museum of LNEG (Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia) in Lisbon.
Primary reference: S. D. Figueiredo, P. P. Cunha, F. Sousa, T. Pereira, and A. Rosa. 2017. Pleistocene birds of Gruta da Furninha (Peniche-Portugal): a paleontological and paleoenvironmental aproach. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A 6:502-509 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 197768: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 25.11.2018, edited by Mark Uhen
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Aves | |
Puffinus puffinus Brunnich 1764 Manx shearwater | |
Phalacrocorax aristotelis Linnaeus 1761 European shag | |
Tyto alba Scopoli 1769 barn owl | |
Asio flammeus Pontoppidan 1763 short-eared owl
Bubo bubo Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian eagle-owl | |
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 common cuckoo | |
Columba livia Gmelin 1789 rock pigeon | |
Pyrrhocorax graculus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Pica pica, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus monedula, Corvus corone
Pyrrhocorax graculus Linnaeus 1766 yellow-billed chough
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Linnaeus 1758 red-billed chough
Pica pica Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian magpie
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 rook
Corvus monedula Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian jackdaw
Corvus corone Linnaeus 1758 carrion crow | |
Turdus sp. Linnaeus 1758 true thrush
Turdus pilaris Linnaeus 1758 fieldfare
Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 common blackbird
Turdus philomelos Brehm 1831 song thrush
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1758 redwing | |
Cygnus olor, Tadorna tadorna, Tadorna ferruginea, Somateria sp., Somateria mollissima, Melanitta nigra, Anas sp., Anas crecca
Cygnus olor Gmelin 1789 mute swan
Tadorna tadorna Linnaeus 1758 Common shelduck
Tadorna ferruginea Pallas 1764 Ruddy shelduck
Somateria sp. Leach 1819 eider
Somateria mollissima Linnaeus 1758 common eider
Melanitta nigra Linnaeus 1758 common scoter
Anas sp. Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck
Anas crecca Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal | |
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Aquila sp. Linnaeus 1758 eagle
Aquila chrysaetos Linnaeus 1758 golden eagle
Gyps fulvus Hablizl 1783 Eurasian griffon | |
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 Common kestrel | |
Numenius phaeopus Linnaeus 1758 whimbrel
Gallinago sp. Brisson 1760 snipe | |
Pinguinus impennis Linnaeus 1758 Great auk | |
Larus sp. Linnaeus 1758 gull | |
Alectoris rufa Linnaeus 1758 red-legged partridge
Coturnix coturnix Linnaeus 1758 common quail | |
Reptilia | |
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Mammalia | |
"Palaeoloxodon sp." = Elephas1
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"Dicerorhinus hemitoechus" = Stephanorhinus hemitoechus1
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Amphibia | |
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Chondrichthyes | |
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