Where: Chad (16.2° N, 17.5° E: paleocoordinates 16.0° N, 17.1° E)
• coordinate stated in text
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Messinian (7.2 - 5.3 Ma)
• 5.2-7.4 Ma
•all terrestrial vertebrates are from "the middle part of the section (about 2m thick... informally named the anthracotheriid unit (AU)"
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: lacustrine; poorly lithified sandstone
Size class: macrofossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: surface (in situ),
Primary reference: P. Vignaud, P. Duringer, H. T. Mackaye, A. Likius, C. Blondel, J.-R. Boisserie, L. Bonis, V. Elsenmann, M.-E. Etienne, D. Geraads, F. Guy, T. Lehmann, F. Lihoreau, N. L.-L. Martinez, C. Mourer-Chauvier, O. Otero, J.-C. Rage, M. Schuster, L. Viriot, A. Zazzo, and M. Brunet. 2002. Geology and paleontology of the Upper Miocene Toros-Menalla hominid locality, Chad. Nature 418:152-155 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 59839: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 18.04.2006
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Mammalia | |
| |
Colobinae indet. Blyth 1875 monkey | |
Murinae indet. mouse | |
Xerus sp. Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833 African ground squirrel | |
Hystrix sp. Linnaeus 1758 porcupine | |
Lutrinae indet. Baird 1857 otter | |
Machairodus cf. giganteus Wagner 1848 cat | |
"Galerella sanguinea" = Herpestes sanguineus4
| |
Hyaenictitherium cf. hyaenoides Zdansky 1924 hyaena | |
Hipparion cf. abudhabiense hipparionine horse | |
| |
Libycosaurus petrocchii Bonnarelli 1947 anthracothere | |
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821 giraffe
Sivatherium cf. hendeyi Harris 1976 giraffe | |
Antilopini indet. Gray 1821 antelope
Kobus sp. Smith 1840 antelope
Bovini indet. Gray 1821 antelope
aff. Palaeoryx sp. Gaudry 1861 antelope | |
"Nyanzachoerus syrticus" = Sivachoerus syrticus
"Nyanzachoerus syrticus" = Sivachoerus syrticus Leonardi 1954 pig | |
Orycteropus cf. gaudryi Forsyth Major 1888 aardvark | |
Anancus kenyensis MacInnes 1942 gomphothere | |
| |
Reptilia | |
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825 softshell turtle | |
| |
Python cf. sebae Gmelin 1789 rock python | |
Colubridae indet. Oppel 1811 colubrid snake | |
Varanus sp. Merrem 1820 monitor lizard | |
Aves | |
| |
| |
Reptilia | |
| |
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti 1768 Nile crocodile
Euthecodon cf. nitriae Fortau 1920 crocodile | |
Cladistia | |
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803 bichir | |
Actinopteri | |
Perciformes indet. Bleeker 1859 perch-like fish | |
Tetraodon sp. Linnaeus 1758 | |
Siluriformes indet. catfish | |
Bagrus sp. Bosc 1816 naked catfish | |
Hydrocynus sp. Cuvier 1816 | |
Gymnarchus sp. Cuvier 1829 aba knifefish | |
Insecta | |
Hodotermitidae indet. Desneux 1904 termite | |
Scarabaeidae indet. Latreille 1802 scarab beetle |