PBDB

Love Bone Bed (Miocene of the United States)

Where: Alachua County, Florida (29.6° N, 82.5° W: paleocoordinates 29.8° N, 80.0° W)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Alachua Formation, Late/Upper Clarendonian (13.6 - 10.3 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marginal marine; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Reposited in the FLMNH

Collection methods: quarrying,

• "approximately 15,000 specimens of identifiable, medium- to large-sized mammals": MacFadden and Hulbert 1990

Primary reference: S. D. Webb, B. J. MacFadden, and J. A. Baskin. 1981. Geology and paleontology of the Love Bone Bed from the Late Miocene of Florida. American Journal of Science 281:513-544 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 18554: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by John Hunter, Mark Uhen, Richard Hulbert, Jonathan Marcot, Catalina Pimiento, Patricia Holroyd, Philip Mannion and Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• "Prosthennops cf. serus" apparently not present: Wright 1983

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	"Clarendonian peccary" sp.²⁶, Lutjanus sp., Meleagrinae indet. "Clarendonian peccary" sp.²⁶ said to be a new species not found elsewhere; species "D" and "E" of Wright 1983; see also Wright 1998 Lutjanus sp. Meleagrinae indet.
Chondrichthyes
Odontaspidida - Carcharodontidae	"Isurus hastalis" = Cosmopolitodus hastalis²⁰ "Isurus hastalis" = Cosmopolitodus hastalis²⁰ Agassiz 1843 elasmobranch
Plagiostomi - Squalidae	"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon²⁰ "Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon²⁰ Agassiz 1843 megalodon
Pristiformes - Pristidae	Pristis sp.²⁰ Pristis sp.²⁰ Linck 1790 sawfish
Lamniformes - Lamnidae	Carcharodon sp. Carcharodon sp. Smith 1838 white shark
Lamniformes - Odontaspididae	"Odontaspis taurus" = Carcharias taurus "Odontaspis taurus" = Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
Carchariniformes - Carcharhinidae	Negaprion brevirostris, "Physogaleus contortus" = Galeocerdo contortus²⁰, Galeocerdo cuvieri, Carcharhinus sp.²⁰, Carcharhinus leucas, Rhizoprionodon sp.²⁰ Negaprion brevirostris Poey 1868 lemon shark "Physogaleus contortus" = Galeocerdo contortus²⁰ Gibbes 1848 tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvieri Peron and LeSueur 1822 tiger shark Carcharhinus sp.²⁰ de Blainville 1816 requiem shark Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes 1839 requiem shark Rhizoprionodon sp.²⁰ Whitley 1929 sharpnose shark
Carchariniformes - Hemigaleidae	"Hemipristis serra" = Hemipristis heteropleurus²⁰ "Hemipristis serra" = Hemipristis heteropleurus²⁰ Agassiz 1844 ground shark
Actinopteri
Elopiformes - Megalopidae	Megalops cf. atlantica Megalops cf. atlantica
Acanthomorphata - Centropomidae	Centropomus sp. Centropomus sp. Lacépède 1802
Perciformes - Sparidae	Lagodon cf. rhomboides Lagodon cf. rhomboides Linnaeus 1766 perch-like fish
Acanthomorphata - Sciaenidae	Pogonias cf. cromis Pogonias cf. cromis Cope 1869 black drum
Labriformes - Labridae	Labridae indet. Labridae indet. Cuvier 1816
Tetraodontiformes - Diodontidae	Chilomycterus sp. Chilomycterus sp. Bribon 1846
Siluriformes - Ictaluridae	Ictalurus cf. catus Ictalurus cf. catus catfish
Amiiformes - Amiidae	Amia cf. calva Amia cf. calva Linnaeus 1766 bowfin
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae	Lepisosteus sp., Atractosteus cf. spatula Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843 gar Atractosteus cf. spatula gar
Osteichthyes
Salientia - Ranidae	Ranidae indet. Ranidae indet. Rafinesque 1814 frog
Caudata - Urodela	Siren sp. Siren sp. Linnaeus 1766 siren
Reptilia
Testudines - Trionychidae	Apalone amorense n. sp.²² Apalone amorense n. sp.²² Valdes et al. 2017 softshell turtle
Testudines - Kinosternoidea	Kinosternon notolophus n. sp.¹³ Kinosternon notolophus n. sp.¹³ Bourque 2015 mud turtle "cf. Kinosternon n. sp."
Testudines - Panchelydridae	Chelydra sp.¹² Chelydra sp.¹² Schweigger 1812 Snapping turtle
Testudines - Pantestudinidae	Geochelone sp. Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835 turtle large
Testudines - Panemydidae	Terrapene sp., Pseudemys williamsi¹², "Chrysemys caelata" = Pseudemys caelata¹⁷, Deirochelys carri Terrapene sp. Merrem 1820 box turtle said to be new Pseudemys williamsi¹² Rose and Weaver 1966 cooter "Chrysemys caelata" = Pseudemys caelata¹⁷ Hay 1908 turtle Deirochelys carri Jackson 1978 chicken turtle
Aves
Charadriiformes -	Charadrii indet. Charadrii indet. Huxley 1867 shorebird
Cathartiformes - Cathartidae	Pliogyps charon n. sp.¹⁰, "Vulturidae indet." = Cathartidae Pliogyps charon n. sp.¹⁰ Becker 1986 New World vulture "Vulturidae indet." = Cathartidae Lafresnaye 1839 vulture
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Anserinae indet., Anatinae indet. Anserinae indet. Vigors 1825 goose Anatinae indet. Vigors 1825 duck
Ornithurae -	Passeriformes indet. Passeriformes indet. Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
Gruiformes - Gruidae	Gruidae indet. Gruidae indet. Vigors 1825 crane
Gruiformes - Rallidae	Rallinae indet., Fulicinae indet. Rallinae indet. Vigors 1825 rail Fulicinae indet. Nitzsch 1820 rail
Gruiformes - Aramidae	Aramidae indet. Aramidae indet. Bonaparte 1854 limpkin
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podicipedidae indet. Podicipedidae indet. Bonaparte 1831 grebe
Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae	Ardeola sp.⁸, Egretta sp.⁸, Ardea sp.⁸ Ardeola sp.⁸ Boie 1822 pond heron Egretta sp.⁸ Forster 1817 egret Ardea sp.⁸ Linnaeus 1758 heron
Pelecaniformes - Threskiornithidae	Threskiornithinae indet. Threskiornithinae indet. Richmond 1917 ibis
Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae	Ciconiidae indet. Ciconiidae indet. Sundevall 1836 stork
Phoenicopteriformes - Phoenicopteridae	Phoenicopteridae indet. Phoenicopteridae indet. Bonaparte 1838 flamingo
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Accipitridae indet. Accipitridae indet. Viellot 1816 hawk
Accipitriformes - Pandionidae	Pandionidae indet., Pandion lovensis n. sp.⁹ Pandionidae indet. Sclater and Salvin 1873 osprey Pandion lovensis n. sp.⁹ Becker 1985 osprey
Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae	Phalacrocoracidae indet. Phalacrocoracidae indet. Reichenbach 1850 cormorant
Suliformes - Anhingidae	Anhinga grandis¹¹ Anhinga grandis¹¹ Martin and Mengel 1975 darter
Reptilia
Crocodylia -	"Gavialosuchus cf. americanus" = Thecachampsa sericodon "Gavialosuchus cf. americanus" = Thecachampsa sericodon Cope 1867 crocodilian UF 289203, 289202, 289201
Crocodylia - Alligatoridae	Alligator sp.²⁵ Alligator sp.²⁵ Daudin 1809 alligator "mississipiensis"
Squamata - Colubridae	cf. Elaphe sp., cf. Lampropeltis getulus, Xenodontinae indet., cf. Heterodon sp., cf. Thamnophis sp., cf. Nerodia sp.² cf. Elaphe sp. Wagler 1833 colubrid snake cf. Lampropeltis getulus Linnaeus 1766 kingsnake Xenodontinae indet. Bonaparte 1845 colubrid snake sp. 3 ("similar to Dryinoides Auffenberg") cf. Heterodon sp. Latreille 1801 hog-nosed snake sp. 1 cf. Thamnophis sp. Fitzinger 1843 garter snake cf. Nerodia sp.² Baird and Girard 1853 water snake
Squamata - Crotalidae	"Crotalinae indet." = Crotalidae, cf. Sistrurus sp. "Crotalinae indet." = Crotalidae Oppel 1811 pit viper "Crotalus or Agkistrodon" cf. Sistrurus sp. Garman 1883 pigmy rattlesnake
Squamata - Typhlopidae	? Typhlops sp. ? Typhlops sp. Oppel 1811 blind snake
Mammalia
Sirenia - Dugongidae	Metaxytherium sp., Metaxytherium floridanum¹⁴ Metaxytherium sp. de Christol 1840 dugong Metaxytherium floridanum¹⁴ Hay 1922 dugong
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Abelmoschomys simpsoni n. sp.⁶ Abelmoschomys simpsoni n. sp.⁶ Baskin 1986 mouse probably includes "Copemys sp." based on phylogenetic discussion
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Sciuridae indet. Sciuridae indet. Gray 1821 squirrel
Rodentia - Castoridae	"Eucastor cf. planus" = Nothodipoides planus "Eucastor cf. planus" = Nothodipoides planus Stirton 1935 beaver
Rodentia - Mylagaulidae	Mylagaulus elassos n. sp.³ Mylagaulus elassos n. sp.³ Baskin 1980 rodent
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Archaeolaginae indet.¹ Archaeolaginae indet.¹ rabbit
Lipotyphla - Talpidae	Talpidae indet. Talpidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 mole
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Teleoceras proterum¹⁹, Aphelops malacorhinus Teleoceras proterum¹⁹ Leidy 1885 rhinoceros Aphelops malacorhinus Cope 1878 rhinoceros
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus webbi¹⁵ Tapirus webbi¹⁵ Hulbert 2005 tapir
Perissodactyla - Equidae	"Hippotherium plicatile" = Cormohipparion plicatile¹⁶, "Hippotherium ingenuum" = Cormohipparion ingenuum¹⁶, Pseudhipparion skinneri¹⁶, Nannippus westoni¹⁶, Neohipparion trampasense¹⁶, Hipparion cf. tehonense¹⁶, Protohippus gidleyi¹⁶, Calippus elachistus¹⁶, Calippus cerasinus¹⁶ "Hippotherium plicatile" = Cormohipparion plicatile¹⁶ Leidy 1887 hipparionine horse "Hippotherium ingenuum" = Cormohipparion ingenuum¹⁶ Leidy 1885 hipparionine horse Pseudhipparion skinneri¹⁶ Webb and Hulbert 1986 hipparionine horse Nannippus westoni¹⁶ Simpson 1930 hipparionine horse Neohipparion trampasense¹⁶ Edwards 1982 hipparionine horse Hipparion cf. tehonense¹⁶ Merriam 1916 hipparionine horse Protohippus gidleyi¹⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse Calippus elachistus¹⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse Calippus cerasinus¹⁶ Hulbert 1988 horse
Tribosphenida - Soricidae	Soricidae indet. Soricidae indet. Fischer 1814 shrew
Chiroptera -	Microchiroptera indet. Microchiroptera indet. Dobson 1875 bat
Carnivora - Ursidae	cf. Plithocyon sp.⁷ cf. Plithocyon sp.⁷ Ginsburg 1955 bear
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Paranasua biradica n. sp.⁵, Arctonasua floridana n. sp.⁵ Paranasua biradica n. sp.⁵ Baskin 1982 procyonid carnivore Arctonasua floridana n. sp.⁵ Baskin 1982 procyonid carnivore this record or the following one might include "Proturocyon cf. macdonaldi" (an unpublished name for a new genus and species present also at Black Hawk Ranch that never has been described)
Carnivora - Barbourofelidae	Barbourofelis loveorum⁴ Barbourofelis loveorum⁴ Baskin 1981 carnivoran
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Hoplictis sp.²¹, Leptarctus webbi n. sp.⁷, ? Plionictis sp., Sthenictis cf. lacota Hoplictis sp.²¹ Ginsburg 1961 ratel Leptarctus webbi n. sp.⁷ Baskin 2005 mustelid carnivore said to be new ? Plionictis sp. Matthew 1924 mustelid carnivore Sthenictis cf. lacota Matthew and Gidley 1904 mustelid carnivore
Carnivora - Canidae	? Leptocyon sp., cf. Urocyon sp.⁷, Epicyon cf. saevus¹, Epicyon haydeni⁷ ? Leptocyon sp. Matthew 1918 canine cf. Urocyon sp.⁷ Baird 1857 gray fox Epicyon cf. saevus¹ Leidy 1858 bone-crushing dog Epicyon haydeni⁷ Leidy 1858 bone-crushing dog
Carnivora - Felidae	Nimravides galiani n. sp.⁴ Nimravides galiani n. sp.⁴ Baskin 1981 cat
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Gomphotherium sp.¹⁸ Gomphotherium sp.¹⁸ Burmeister 1837 gomphothere
Ungulata - Camelidae	Procamelus grandis¹⁹, Aepycamelus major, Hemiauchenia minima Procamelus grandis¹⁹ Gregory 1939 camel Aepycamelus major Leidy 1886 camel Hemiauchenia minima Leidy 1886 camel
Ungulata - Gelocidae	Pseudoceras skinneri²⁴ Pseudoceras skinneri²⁴ Frick 1937 ruminant
Ungulata - Palaeomerycidae	"Pediomeryx hamiltoni n. sp." = Yumaceras hamiltoni²³ "Pediomeryx hamiltoni n. sp." = Yumaceras hamiltoni²³ Webb 1983 ruminant
Ungulata - Antilocapridae	Antilocaprinae indet. Antilocaprinae indet. Gray 1866 pronghorn
Cetacea -	Cetacea indet. Cetacea indet. Brisson 1762 whale

¹Alroy 2002; ²Alroy 2007; ³Baskin 1980; ⁴Baskin 1981; ⁵Baskin 1982; ⁶Baskin 1986; ⁷Baskin 2005; ⁸Becker 1985; ⁹Becker 1985; ¹⁰Becker 1986; ¹¹Becker 1987; ¹²Bourque 2013; ¹³Bourque 2015; ¹⁴Domning 1988; ¹⁵Hulbert 2005; ¹⁶Hulbert 1988; ¹⁷Jackson 1976; ¹⁸Lambert 1996; ¹⁹MacFadden and Hulbert 1990; ²⁰Pimiento 2014; ²¹Tedford et al. 1987; ²²Valdes et al. 2017; ²³Webb 1983; ²⁴Webb 2008; ²⁵Whiting et al. 2016; ²⁶Wright 1993