Espenhain/Sachsen (Oligocene of Germany)

Where: Germany (51.2° N, 12.5° E: paleocoordinates 50.7° N, 8.7° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Bohlen Formation, MP 22 (33.9 - 28.4 Ma)

• Rupelian, and MP 22 according to Lange-Badré and Böhme 2005; uppermost Rupelian

Environment/lithology: marine; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: K. Rothausen. 1986. Marine Tetrapoden im tertären Nordsee-Becken. Beitrage zur regionalen Geologe der Erde 18:510-557 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 46097: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 03.01.2005, edited by John Alroy, Terri Cleary and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Chondrichthyes
 Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
"Myliobatis cf. serratus" = Aetomylaeus striatus7, Rhinoptera sp.7
"Myliobatis cf. serratus" = Aetomylaeus striatus7 Agassiz 1843 eagle ray
Rhinoptera sp.7 Cuvier 1829 cownose ray
 Chimaeriformes - Chimaeridae
Mammalia
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Epiaceratherium magnum2 Uhlig 1999 rhinoceros
aff. Ronzotherium sp.2 Aymard 1854 rhinoceros
Ronzotherium filholi2 Osborn 1900 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Eggysodontidae
Eggysodon cf. osborni5 Schlosser 1902 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Protapirus sp.8 Filhol 1877 tapir
 Artiodactyla - Entelodontidae
Entelodon deguilhemi2 even-toed ungulate
 Artiodactyla - Anthracotheriidae
Anthracotherium ex gr. sp.2 Cuvier 1822 anthracothere
"Anthracotherium ex gr. illyricum/magnum/valdense"
 Artiodactyla - Tragulidae
Tragulidae indet.2 Milnes-Edwards 1864 chevrotain
 Creodonta - Hyainailouridae
Apterodon intermedius n. sp.5 Lange-Badré and Böhme 2005 creodont
 Carnivora -
Stenoplesictis cayluxi5 Filhol 1880 carnivoran
 Sirenia - Dugongidae
Halitherium sp. Kaup 1838 dugong
Halitherium schinzii3 Kaup 1838 dugong
 Sirenia - Trichechidae
Anomotherium langewieschei3 Siegfried 1965 manatee
Reptilia
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Cheirogaster sp.4 Bergounioux 1935 turtle
Right proximate pleural IV remain; PMUL ES 1356/A.02.06.03, femur from same horizon as previous
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet.1 Gray 1825 softshell turtle
Trionyx triunguis4 Forksal 1775 African softshell turtle
PMUL: ES 1373 - nearly complete hyoplastron dex.; NML: Pal 5510 - pleural remain and two other without number; MMA: no number - pleural remain dist.
 Testudines - Cheloniidae
Chelyopsis halleri4 Karl 1989 sea turtle
Type materials of C. halleri: MMA (no numbers); NML without number, mounted bones from one individual includes palatine, peripherals II-VIII dex., peripherals VI-VII sin., pelvis girdle, shoulder girdle, humerus dex., femor dex., metacarpal remains, one neck vertebra remain, one tail vertebra remain, epiplastron sin., diverse vertebrae remains indet.; NML Pal 3321, 3322, 3323, 3236, 3256, 3244a-b, 3241a-d, 3227a-e, 3328 pleural remains; NML Pal 3227f neural; NML Pal 3226a-d plastral remain; NML Pal 3324 plastron remain; NML Pal 3326 femor remain; NML Pal 3327 shell remain indet.; NML Pal 5516, 5510 femur heads; NML Pal 3894 metacarpal remains; NML Pal 5513 lateral part of hyohypoplastron; NML Pal 5514 articulating part of scapula remain; NML Pal 3925 neural; NML Pal 3243, 3184, 3330, 5515 humeri and remains from the lower Oligocene “Meeressande” (ca. 4 m under the Phosphorite nodule horizon); PMUL ES 1352 A02.06.02 two neurals; PMUL ES 1384-C, E proximate pleural remains, PMUL ES 1384-G metaneural remain, PMUL ES 1368 mandible remain sin.; PMUL ES 1381 humerus without head; PMUL ES 1365 articulating part of scapula remain; PMUL ES 1371 femor; PMUL ES 1403 A03.01.02 two large carapace remains; PMUL ES 1416 three shell remains.
Allopleuron lipsiensis n. sp.4 Karl 2007 sea turtle
PMUL ES [no number] (holotype), carapace posterior up to pleural III; PMUL ES 1380, humerus, A02.07.01; PMUL ES 178 distal pleural remain dist.; PMUL ES 1366 proximate pleural remain; PMUL ES 1367 two pleural remains and five free costa remains; PMUL ES 1383 A02.07.01 four plastron remains from Espenhain; PMUL ES 1384 A-F proximate pleural remains (A = A02.07.01 Espenhain); PMUL ES 1384 H juvenile eroded pleural and diversity pleural remains; PMUL ES 1378A proximate pleural I remain with costa I and II at viszeral surface; PMUL ES 1378B-A, B, D proximate pleural remains; PMUL ES 1365 posterior carapace remain dex. with the last four or five neurals; PMUL ES 1376 pubis; from Espenhain SE: PMUL ES 1379 plate remains affected by diagenesis
 Testudines - Dermochelyidae
Psephophorus cf. rupeliensis4 Van Beneden 1883 leatherback
BAF FG 232/1, scapular fragment; PMUL ES 1416a A03.01.03, single dermalplacoid
 Crocodylia -
Diplocynodon sp.5 Pomel 1847 crocodilian
MMA, nuchal plate, caudal vertebra I from Phosphorite nodule horizon of Espenhain - Karl 2007
Aves
 Procellariiformes - Procellariidae
Diomedeoides lipsiensis n. sp.6 Fischer 1983 petrel
includes Gaviota lipsiensis type, Diomedeoides minimus type, ? Rupelornis definitus, and Frigidafons brodkorbi of Fischer 1983, 1985, and 1997