Koro Toro - KT 13 (Pliocene of Chad)

Also known as ETE Locality 1341, Koro Toro 13, Koro Toro - KT 13,

Where: Chad (16.0° N, 18.9° E: paleocoordinates 15.9° N, 18.7° E)

When: Piacenzian (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: "Biochron,fauna like Hadar"

•The associated mammal fauna first gives an estimated age at about 3–3.5 Ma in KT12 (Brunet et al., 1995, 1997). Then, cosmogenic nuclide dating of the argileous pelites that yielded the holotype fossil of Australopithecus bahrel- ghazali provided an age of 3.58 +/- 0.27 Ma in KT12 (Lebatard et al., 2008).

Environment/lithology: fluvial; sandstone

• ETE sed env 1: fluvial, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: calm sed environ
• ETE rock type adj: fine, ETE lithology comments: "poor consolidate,fine sndstone"

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ)

• ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 482, ; ETE museum list:

Primary reference: M. Brunet, A. Beauvilain, Y. Coppens, E. Heintz, A. H. E. Moutaye and D. Pilbeam. 1995. The first australopithecine 2500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature 378:273-275 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 22506: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 12.04.2000, edited by Matthew Clapham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Mammalia
 Primates - Hominidae
Australopithecus sp. Dart 1925 australopithecine
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"Hipparion cf. hasumense" = Eurygnathohippus hasumense
"Hipparion cf. hasumense" = Eurygnathohippus hasumense Eisenmann 1983 hipparionine horse
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
"Notochoerus euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus Hopwood 1926 giant forest hog
Kolpochoerus afarensis Cooke 1978 pig
originally entered as "Kolpochoerus afarenis"
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
Hexaprotodon sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836 pygmy hippo
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle
Antidorcas sp. Sundevall 1847 springbok
Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: Hippotragini
Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: Alcelaphini-sm
cf. Parmularius sp. n. sp. Hopwood 1934 antelope
Kobus "sp. large tail nov.sp.A" Smith 1840 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: large tail nov.sp.A
Kobus "sp. tail moyenne,nov.sp.B" Smith 1840 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: "tail moyenne,nov.sp.B"
Syncerus sp. Hodgson 1847 African buffalo
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821 giraffe
Sivatherium sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836 giraffe
 Carnivora - Felidae
Felis sp. Linnaeus 1758 cat
ETE occurrence; species: taille F.silvestris
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaena sp. Brisson 1762 hyaena
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Enhydriodon sp. Falconer 1868 otter
ETE occurrence; species: nov.sp.
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Stegodon kaisensis Hopwood 1939 elephant
ETE occurrence; species: stade evolue
Loxodonta aff. exoptata Dietrich 1941 African elephant
ETE occurrence; species: aff. adaurora
Reptilia
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835 turtle
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionyx sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809 softshell turtle
originally entered as "Tionyx sp."
 Crocodylia - Gavialidae
Tomistoma sp. Müller 1846 false gharial
ETE occurrence; species: nov.sp.
 Crocodylia - Crocodylidae
"Crocodylus lloidi" = Rimasuchus lloydi
"Crocodylus lloidi" = Rimasuchus lloydi Fourtau 1918 crocodile
Aves
 Anseriformes - Anatidae
Anserinae indet. Vigors 1825 goose
ETE occurrence; species: grande taille
 Suliformes - Anhingidae
Anhinga cf. melanogaster Pennant 1769 oriental darter
ETE occurrence; species: petit taille
 Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae
cf. Leptoptilos "sp. B" Lesson 1831 stork
Actinopteri
 Acanthomorphata - Centropomidae
Lates sp. Cuvier 1828 lates