Fonelas P-1 (Pleistocene of Spain)

Where: Granada, Spain (37.4° N, 3.2° W: paleocoordinates 37.5° N, 3.3° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Guadix Formation, Gelasian (2.6 - 1.8 Ma)

• The magnetostratigraphic studies performed in the Guadix Basin, with this site as the main point of interest, have verified that Fonelas P-1 is located in a reversed polarity horizon (subchronozone C2r.1r), between the normal subchrons Reunion and Olduvai, 4 m directly below the base of this last subchron. Therefore, its age is 2.0 million years (Arribas et al., 2009; Pla et al., 2011).

Environment/lithology: fluvial; lithology not reported

• none given

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: bone collector

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ),

• material is in the Museo Geominero (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España)"

Primary reference: A. Arribas and G. Garrido. 2007. Meles iberica n. sp., a new Eurasian badger (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Fonelas P-1 (Plio-Pleistocene boundary, Guadix Basin, Granada, Spain). Comptes Rendus Palevol 6(8):545-555 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77773: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 19.01.2008, edited by Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• small mammals and other vertebrates are not mentioned
unclassified
  -
Aves
 Aves -
Reptilia
 Testudines - Testudinidae
"Eurotestudo sp." = Chersine1, Titanochelon sp.3
"Eurotestudo sp." = Chersine1 Merrem 1820 turtle
Titanochelon sp.3 Pérez-García and Vlachos 2014 turtle
a partial femur and a phalanx, with clear evidence of hyaenid activity
 Squamata - Anguidae
Anguidae indet.1 Gray 1825 squamates
 Squamata - Colubridae
Rhinechis scalaris1 Schinz 1822 ladder snake
 Squamata - Viperidae
Viperidae indet.1 Oppel 1811 viper
 Squamata - Lacertidae
Lacertidae indet.1 Bonaparte 1831 squamates
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti 1825 mammoth
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
"Hyaena brunnea" = Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820 brown hyaena
Pachycrocuta brevirostris Gervais 1850 brown hyaena
 Carnivora - Felidae
Acinonyx pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 cheetah
Lynx pardinus Temminck 1827 Iberian lynx
"Lynx pardinus spelaeus"
Homotherium latidens Owen 1846 scimitar toothed cat
Megantereon cultridens Cuvier 1824 cat
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Meles iberica n. sp. Arribas and Garrido 2007 badger
 Carnivora - Canidae
"Canis falconeri" = Xenocyon falconeri Forsyth-Major 1877 canine
Canis sp. Linnaeus 1758 canine
said to be new
Canis etruscus Forsyth Major 1877 canine
Canis accitanus n. sp.2 Garrido and Arribas 2008 canine
FP1-2001-0434 (holotype)
Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877 fox
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"Equus cf. major" = Equus complicatus
"Equus cf. major" = Equus complicatus Leidy 1858 horse
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Stephanorhinus etruscus Falconer 1868 rhinoceros
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Potamochoerus sp. Gray 1854 pig
said to be new
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Eucladoceros sp. Falconer 1868 deer
Croizetoceros ramosus Croizet and Jobert 1828 deer
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Mitilanotherium sp. Samson and Radulesco 1966 giraffe
said to be new
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Praeovibos sp. Staudinger 1908 antelope
Capra sp. Linnaeus 1758 goat
said to be new
Gazella sp.1 Blaineville 1816 gazelle
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
Erinaceidae indet.1 Fischer von Waldheim 1817 hedgehog
 Rodentia - Muridae
Castillomys sp.1 Michaux 1969 mouse
gr. C. crusafonti-C. rivas
Stephanomys sp.1 Schaub 1938 mouse
Apodemus cf. atavus1 Eurasian field mouse
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Mimomys sp.1 Forsyth-Major 1902 vole
 Rodentia - Gliridae
Eliomys sp.1 Wagner 1840 dormouse
 Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Oryctolagus sp.1 Lilljeborg 1874 rabbit