Koro Toro - KT 12 (Pliocene of Chad)

Also known as ETE Locality 1340, Koro Toro 12, Koro Toro - KT 12,

Where: Chad (16.0° N, 18.9° E: paleocoordinates 15.9° N, 18.7° E)

When: Piacenzian (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: "Biochron,fauna like Hadar"

•The associated mammal fauna first gives an estimated age at about 3–3.5 Ma in KT12 (Brunet et al., 1995, 1997). Then, cosmogenic nuclide dating of the argileous pelites that yielded the holotype fossil of Australopithecus bahrel- ghazali provided an age of 3.58 +/- 0.27 Ma in KT12 (Lebatard et al., 2008).

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; sandstone

• ETE sed env 1: fluv_lacustr, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: lo-enrgy fluv sys
• ETE rock type adj: fine, ETE lithology comments: fine ss

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ)

• ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 482, ; ETE museum list:

Primary reference: M. Brunet, A. Beauvilain, Y. Coppens, E. Heintz, A. H. E. Moutaye and D. Pilbeam. 1995. The first australopithecine 2500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature 378:273-275 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 22505: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 12.04.2000, edited by Matthew Clapham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Aves
 Suliformes - Anhingidae
Anhinga cf. melanogaster Pennant 1769 oriental darter
Reptilia
 Crocodylia - Gavialidae
Tomistoma sp. Müller 1846 false gharial
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Geochelone sp. Fitzinger 1835 turtle
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Loxodonta exoptata Dietrich 1941 African elephant
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"Hipparion aff. afarense" = Eurygnathohippus afarense
"Hipparion aff. afarense" = Eurygnathohippus afarense Eisenmann 1976 hipparionine horse
ETE occurrence; species: aff. afarense/hasumense, mak - species name from unique name
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
"Hexaprotodon protamphibius" = Hippopotamus protamphibius
"Hexaprotodon protamphibius" = Hippopotamus protamphibius Arambourg 1944 hippo
ETE occurrence; species: 12 turkanensis
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Kolpochoerus afarensis Cooke 1978 pig
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821 giraffe
Sivatherium sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836 giraffe
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: Alcelaphini
Kobus sp. Smith 1840 antelope
Bovini indet. Gray 1821 antelope
ETE occurrence; species: Bovini
 Primates - Hominidae
Australopithecus sp. Dart 1925 australopithecine