PBDB Collection

Podlesice (Pliocene of Poland)

Where: Poland (50.6° N, 19.5° E: paleocoordinates 50.7° N, 19.1° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: MN 14 (4.9 - 4.2 Ma)

• Pliocene-Pleistocene, unit corresponds to Gunz-Mindel Interglacial (in early refs), the bone breccia includes both in-situ and specimens from a dump-pile, no stratigraphy is discernable, but the in-situ bed is only 4m in thickness. Kowalski, 1962 (Ref 8869), revises age to just Pliocene, so not from the interglacial. Later authors put age at Middle Pliocene (from 1963 on). Assigned to mammalian zone MN 14 (Ref 9172, 1989).

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: cave; shelly/skeletal, argillaceous breccia

• fossils collected in a bone breccia filling a small karstic hole inside a cave in Jurassic limestone, fossils occur in clay matrix representing the floor of the cave

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Collection methods: salvage, surface (float), surface (in situ), chemical, mechanical,

• 500 kg of rock collected

Primary reference: K. Kowalski. 1956. Insectivores, bats and rodents from the Early Pleistocene bone breccia of Podlesice near Kroczyce (Poland). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 1(4):331-393 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/E. Leckey]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 32240: authorized by John Alroy, entered by Erin Leckey on 16.06.2003, edited by Jason Head, Lars van den Hoek Ostende and Bethany Allen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Reptilia
Squamata - Colubridae	Colubrinae "indet. "D""¹⁸, Elaphe sp.¹ Colubrinae "indet. "D""¹⁸ Oppel 1811 colubrid snake Elaphe sp.¹ Wagler 1833 colubrid snake
Squamata - Viperidae	Viperidae "indet "B""¹⁸ Viperidae "indet "B""¹⁸ Oppel 1811 viper
Squamata - Lacertidae	Lacerta sp.⁸ Lacerta sp.⁸ Linnaeus 1758 squamates
Squamata - Anguidae	Ophisaurus pannoicus¹, Anguis cf. fragilis⁸ Ophisaurus pannoicus¹ glass lizard probably O. pannonicus Anguis cf. fragilis⁸ Linneaus 1758 Slow worm
Mammalia
Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus delphinensis¹, Rhinolophus kowalskii n. sp.¹⁹, Rhinolophus grivensis¹ Rhinolophus delphinensis¹ Gaillard 1899 horseshoe bat Rhinolophus kowalskii n. sp.¹⁹ Topál 1979 horseshoe bat Rhinolophus grivensis¹ Depéret 1892 horseshoe bat unsure whether R. delphinensis or R. grivensis are the re-ID sp.
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Plecotus crassidens, Miniopterus schreibersi, Myotis podlesicensis n. sp., Myotis cf. aemulus, Myotis cf. exilis, Myotis danutae n. sp., Myotis dasycneme Plecotus crassidens Kormos 1930 vesper bat Miniopterus schreibersi Natterer 1819 bend-winged bat Myotis podlesicensis n. sp. vesper bat Myotis cf. aemulus vesper bat Myotis cf. exilis Heller 1936 vesper bat Myotis danutae n. sp. Kowalski 1956 vesper bat Myotis dasycneme Boie 1825 vesper bat M. dasycneme subtilis (n. subspecies)
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Baranogale helbingi⁵, Mustela sp.⁵ Baranogale helbingi⁵ Kormos 1934 mustelid carnivore Mustela sp.⁵ Linnaeus 1758 weasel two fragments of mandible without dentition, one maxillar canine
Theriamorpha - Talpidae	Parascalops fossilis n. sp.¹⁷, Desmana nehringi, Scapanulus agrarius n. sp.¹⁶, Talpa minor Parascalops fossilis n. sp.¹⁷ Skoczen 1993 mole Type series includes material from the type series of Scapanulus agrarius Desmana nehringi Kormos 1913 Russian desman mandibular and maxillary fragments with teeth: p2, p4, m2, P2, P4, M1, fragment of a cranial vault Scapanulus agrarius n. sp.¹⁶ Skoczen 1980 mole Talpa minor Freudenberg 1914 mole
Theriamorpha - Soricidae	Soricidae indet.¹⁵, Suncus cf. pannonicus, Episoriculus borsodensis¹¹, Soriculus kubinyi, Neomysorex alpinoides n. gen.¹¹, Petenyia hungarica, Blarinella dubia¹², Sorex "sp. 1"¹⁵, Sorex "sp. 2"¹⁵, Sorex "sp. 3"¹⁵, Sorex bor¹⁵, Sorex minutus¹, Sorex minutus¹⁵, Deinsdorfia reumeri n. sp.¹⁴, Deinsdorfia insperata n. sp.¹⁴, Paranourosorex gigas n. gen. n. sp.⁹, Paenelimnoecus pannonicus¹³, Mafia cf. csarnotensis¹³, Mafia dehneli¹³, Blarinoides mariae¹⁰, Sulimskia kretzoii¹³, "Petenyia robusta n. sp." = Cokia robusta¹², Petenyiella gracilis¹, "Blarinella europaea" = Alloblarinella europaea¹², Zelceina podlesicensis n. sp.¹⁴ Soricidae indet.¹⁵ Fischer 1814 shrew author recognizes 8 forms from this region, all forms except 5,6 and7 are found in this collection Suncus cf. pannonicus white-toothed shrew Episoriculus borsodensis¹¹ red-toothed shrew 5 maxillary fragments with A1-M3 (L) and P4-M1 (R), 20 isolated I1, and 226 mandibular halves or fragments, with all teeth and processes except the angular process represented Soriculus kubinyi Kormos 1934 red-toothed shrew Neomysorex alpinoides n. gen.¹¹ red-toothed shrew Petenyia hungarica Kormos 1934 red-toothed shrew Blarinella dubia¹² Asiatic short-tailed shrew 41 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 29 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth, originally listed by unknown author as Petenyia dubia Sorex "sp. 1"¹⁵ Linnaeus 1758 long-tailed shrew fragmentary mandible with m1-m2 and the coronoid and condyloid processes Sorex "sp. 2"¹⁵ Linnaeus 1758 long-tailed shrew fragmentary mandible with p4-m1 and the coronoid and condyloid processes Sorex "sp. 3"¹⁵ Linnaeus 1758 long-tailed shrew Sorex bor¹⁵ Reumer 1984 long-tailed shrew 5 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Sorex minutus¹ Linnaeus 1766 Eurasian pygmy shrew unsure whether S. runtonensis or S. minutus are the re-ID species Sorex minutus¹⁵ Linnaeus 1766 Eurasian pygmy shrew Deinsdorfia reumeri n. sp.¹⁴ red-toothed shrew 19 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 37 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Deinsdorfia insperata n. sp.¹⁴ red-toothed shrew 4 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 9 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Paranourosorex gigas n. gen. n. sp.⁹ Rzebik-Kowalska 1975 red-toothed shrew 4 mandubular halves (2L/2R) with complete dentition and processes other than processus angularis, fragments of mandibles and maxillae, isolated teeth Paenelimnoecus pannonicus¹³ red-toothed shrew 17 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 1 fragmentary maxilla and detached upper teeth Mafia cf. csarnotensis¹³ red-toothed shrew 8 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 1 fragmentary maxilla and detached upper teeth Mafia dehneli¹³ red-toothed shrew Blarinoides mariae¹⁰ Sulimski 1959 red-toothed shrew fragmentary mandible with teeth Sulimskia kretzoii¹³ Sulimski 1962 red-toothed shrew 4 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 2 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth "Petenyia robusta n. sp." = Cokia robusta¹² Rzebik-Kowalska 1989 shrew 18 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 22 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth Petenyiella gracilis¹ shrew "Blarinella europaea" = Alloblarinella europaea¹² Reumer 1984 shrew 7 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 9 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth Zelceina podlesicensis n. sp.¹⁴ Rzebik-Kowalska 1990 shrew 14 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 96 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth
Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae	Ochotonidae indet.¹ Ochotonidae indet.¹ Thomas 1897 pika
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Leporidae indet.¹ Leporidae indet.¹ Fischer de Waldheim 1817 rabbit
Rodentia - Zapodidae	Sminthozapus sp.¹ Sminthozapus sp.¹ Sulimski 1962 jumping mouse
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Kowalskia magna n. sp.³, "Kowalskia polonica n. gen. n. sp." = Neocricetodon polonicus³, Cricetus "sp. 1"³, Cricetus "sp. 2"³, Prosomys insuliferus¹, Baranomys kowalskii¹ Kowalskia magna n. sp.³ Fahlbusch 1969 mouse re-ID of Cricetus sp. from Kowalski, 1964 "Kowalskia polonica n. gen. n. sp." = Neocricetodon polonicus³ Fahlbusch 1969 mouse Cricetus "sp. 1"³ Leske 1779 mouse ? re-ID of Cricetus sp. from Kowalski, 1964 Cricetus "sp. 2"³ Leske 1779 mouse ? re-ID of Cricetus sp. from Kowalski, 1964 Prosomys insuliferus¹ mouse Baranomys kowalskii¹ mouse
Rodentia - Muridae	Epimeriones progressus n. sp.⁷, Parapodemus coronensis Epimeriones progressus n. sp.⁷ gerbil m1, 5M1, 6m1, 2m2, 4I Parapodemus coronensis Schaub 1938 mouse
Rodentia - Anomalomyidae	Anomalomys sp.¹ Anomalomys sp.¹ Gaillard 1900 rodent
Rodentia - Gliridae	"Glirulus pusillus" = Amphidyromys pusillus⁶, Glis minor⁶, Muscardinus aff. dacicus⁶, Muscardinus pliocaenicus⁶ "Glirulus pusillus" = Amphidyromys pusillus⁶ Heller 1936 Japanese dormouse isolated right m1 Glis minor⁶ Kowalski 1963 dormouse G. sackdillingensis minor (n. subspecies) Muscardinus aff. dacicus⁶ Kormos 1930 dormouse maxillary fragment with M1; also isolated M1, 3m2, M2 (or m2, badly worn) Muscardinus pliocaenicus⁶ Kowalski 1963 dormouse isolated teeth: 4m1, m2, m3, P4, 4M1, M3
Rodentia - Sciuridae	? Pliopetaurista dehneli², Pliopetaurista sp.², Blackia polonica n. sp.², Pliopetes hungaricus², Sciurus cf. warthae², Tamias cf. orlovi², cf. Sciurotamias sp.² ? Pliopetaurista dehneli² squirrel M1or2, 2p4, m1or2, m3 Pliopetaurista sp.² Kretzoi 1962 squirrel 2m1or2, Blackia polonica n. sp.² squirrel 4M1or2, 3m1or2, p4 Pliopetes hungaricus² squirrel P4,3M1or2, M3, m1or2 Sciurus cf. warthae² squirrel P4, L/RM1or2, m1or2, m3 Tamias cf. orlovi² chipmunk m1or2 cf. Sciurotamias sp.² Miller 1901 Chinese rock squirrel P4,2 M1-2, M1or2, 2M3, p4,3m1-2, m3
Rodentia - Eomyidae	Estramomys sp.⁴, Keramidomys mohleri⁴, Leptodontomys aff. catalaunicus⁴ Estramomys sp.⁴ Janossy 1969 rodent 2p4, P4, M1, M1or2, M2 Keramidomys mohleri⁴ Engesser 1972 rodent 1 jaw fragment without teeth, 2p4, 2m1 Leptodontomys aff. catalaunicus⁴ rodent jaw fragment with p4-m1, jaw fragment with p4-m1, 6p4, 3m1or2, 3P4, 4M1or2, D4?

¹Agadjanian and Kowalski 1978; ²Black and Kowalski 1974; ³Fahlbusch 1969; ⁴Fahlbusch 1978; ⁵Kowalski 1959; ⁶Kowalski 1963; ⁷Kowalski 1974; ⁸Mlynarski 1962; ⁹Rzebik-Kowalska 1975; ¹⁰Rzebik-Kowalska 1976; ¹¹Rzebik-Kowalska 1981; ¹²Rzebik-Kowalska 1989; ¹³Rzebik-Kowalska 1990; ¹⁴Rzebik-Kowalska 1990; ¹⁵Rzebik-Kowalska 1991; ¹⁶Skoczen 1980; ¹⁷Skoczen 1993; ¹⁸Szyndlar 1984; ¹⁹Topál 1979