Where: Leiria, Portugal (39.3° N, 9.2° W: paleocoordinates 39.3° N, 9.2° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• Absolute dating carried out at the site offered an estimated chronological range between the MIS-5 and the early MIS-3 (35.9, 54.4, 60.9, and 101.5 ka BP) (Raposo & Cardoso, 1998) by U-series dating, the standard deviations being overly high. However, the main Neanderthal occupation corresponds to Level 8 (with the greatest turtle ensemble) whose U-series dating on a large bone of Dicerorhinus hemitoechus has offered a result of 87.1 ± 6.3 ka BP (Zilh˜ao et al., 2011).

Environment/lithology: cave; lithology not reported

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Collection methods: surface (in situ), sieve,

Primary reference: I. Boneta Jiménez, J. L. Cardoso, and A. Pérez-García. 2023. The turtles from the middle Paleolithic site of Gruta Nova da Columbeira (Bombarral, Portugal): Update through an archaeozoological perspective. The Anatomical Record 1-15 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 230380: authorized by Evangelos Vlachos, entered by Evangelos Vlachos on 13.06.2023

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)