Kalmakpay (Miocene of Kazakhstan)

Where: Kazakhstan (47.0° N, 84.0° E: paleocoordinates 47.3° N, 83.8° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Turolian (8.7 - 5.3 Ma)

• Late Turolian, Upper Miocene, Santash Suite, MN13.

•'The Kalmakpay fauna occurs in the reddish brown sandy clays of the Karabulak suite in the Zaisan depression that is a correlative unit of the upper part of the Santash suite in southern Kazakhstan. The Santash suite, developed in the piedmont depressions of Northern TIen Shan Mountains, is represented by reddish brown clays and ill-sorted siltstones with interlayers of sandstones and marls.'

Environment/lithology: sandy

• reddish brown sandy clays

Primary reference: M.V. Sotnikova, A.E. Dodonov, and A.V. Pen'kov. 1997. Upper Cenozoic bio-magnetic stratigraphy of Central Asian mammalian localities. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 133:243-258 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 34436: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 01.09.2003, edited by Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Mammalia
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Chilotherium sp. Ringström 1924 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hipparion hippidiodus hipparionine horse
Hipparion elegans hipparionine horse
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Gazella dorcadoides Schlosser 1903 gazelle
Tragocerus sp. Gaudry 1861 antelope
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Cervavitus novorossiae Khomenko 1913 deer
Procapreolus latifrons Schlosser 1924 deer
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Vormela sp. Blasius 1884 marbled polecat
Plesiogulo crassa Teilhard de Chardin 1945 mustelid carnivore
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Indarctos sp. Pilgrim 1913 bear
 Carnivora - Felidae
Machairodus kurteni Sotnikova 1991 cat
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides Zdansky 1924 hyaena
Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides orlovi
Adcrocuta eximia Roth and Wagner 1854 hyaena
Reptilia
 Squamata - Boidae
Eryx sp. Daudin 1803 true sand boa
 Squamata - Anguidae
Ophisaurus sp. Daudin 1803 glass lizard
“small sized” (=? Anguis sp. “large sized”)
 Squamata - Varanidae
Varanus sp. Merrem 1820 monitor lizard